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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon cancel-x"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card0 title="Blog posts for 2021." aria-controls=card0-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2021 Posts</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card0 role=region id=card0-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card0><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Product Security working group announces Patch Tuesdays, how 0-days and embargoes are handled, updates to the security best practices page and the notification of the early disclosure list (May 11, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/patch-tuesdays/>Updates to how Istio security releases are handled: Patch Tuesday, embargoes, and 0-days</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to use discovery selectors and how they intersect with Sidecar resources (April 30, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/discovery-selectors/>Use discovery selectors to configure namespaces for your Istio service mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understanding the upcoming changes to Istio networking, how they may impact your cluster, and what action to take (April 15, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/upcoming-networking-changes/>Upcoming networking changes in Istio 1.10</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An update on Envoy and Istio's WebAssembly-based extensibility effort (March 5, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/wasm-progress/>Istio and Envoy WebAssembly Extensibility, One Year On</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A tutorial to help customers migrate from the deprecated v1alpha1 security policy to the supported v1beta1 version (March 3, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/migrate-alpha-policy/>Migrate pre-Istio 1.4 Alpha security policy to the current APIs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Understanding the benefits Istio brings, even when no configuration is used (February 25, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/zero-config-istio/>Zero Configuration Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn about sessions, panels, workshops and more on the IstioCon website (February 16, 2021)" href=/v1.9/blog/2021/istiocon-2021-program/>IstioCon 2021: Schedule Is Live!</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="AuthorizationPolicy now supports CUSTOM action to delegate the authorization to external system (February 9, 2021)">Better External Authorization</span></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card1 title="Blog posts for 2020." aria-controls=card1-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2020 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card1 role=region id=card1-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card1><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy multiple Istio egress gateways independently to have fine-grained control of egress communication from the mesh (December 16, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/proxying-legacy-services-using-egress-gateways/>Proxying legacy services using Istio egress gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable proxy protocol on AWS NLB and Istio ingress gateway (December 11, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/show-source-ip/>Proxy protocol on AWS NLB and Istio ingress gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The inaugural conference for Istio will take place at the end of February (December 8, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istiocon-2021/>Join us for the first IstioCon in 2021!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to ensure your clusters are not impacted by Docker Hub rate limiting (December 7, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/docker-rate-limit/>Handling Docker Hub rate limiting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Workload Local DNS resolution to simplify VM integration, multicluster, and more (November 12, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/dns-proxy/>Expanding into New Frontiers - Smart DNS Proxying in Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Announcing the four newest Istio Steering Committee members (September 29, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/steering-election-results/>2020 Steering Committee Election Results</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The effect of security policies on latency of requests (September 15, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/large-scale-security-policy-performance-tests/>Large Scale Security Policy Performance Tests</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A new deployment model for Istio (August 27, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/new-deployment-model/>Deploying Istio Control Planes Outside the Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio Steering Committee is now in part proportionally allocated to companies based on contribution, and in part elected by community members (August 24, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/steering-changes/>Introducing the new Istio steering committee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An alternative sidecar proxy for Istio (July 28, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/mosn-proxy/>Using MOSN with Istio: an alternative data plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An update on trademarks and project governance (July 8, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/open-usage/>Open and neutral: transferring our trademarks to the Open Usage Commons</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A new way to manage installation of telemetry addons (June 4, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/addon-rework/>Reworking our Addon Integrations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describing the new functionality of Workload Entries (May 21, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/workload-entry/>Introducing Workload Entries</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Simplifying Istio upgrades by offering safe canary deployments of the control plane (May 19, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multiple-control-planes/>Safely Upgrade Istio using a Canary Control Plane Deployment</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure the IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Application Load Balancer to direct traffic to the Istio Ingress gateway with mutual TLS (May 15, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/alb-ingress-gateway-iks/>Direct encrypted traffic from IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Ingress to Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Community partner tooling of Wasm for Istio by Solo.io (March 25, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/wasmhub-istio/>Extended and Improved WebAssemblyHub to Bring the Power of WebAssembly to Envoy and Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A mechanism to acquire and share an application certificate and key through mounted files (March 25, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/proxy-cert/>Provision a certificate and key for an application without sidecars</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istiod consolidates the Istio control plane components into a single binary (March 19, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istiod/>Introducing istiod: simplifying the control plane</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring Wasm extensions for Envoy and Istio declaratively (March 16, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/deploy-wasm-declarative/>Declarative WebAssembly deployment for Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The future of Istio extensibility using WASM (March 5, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/wasm-announce/>Redefining extensibility in proxies - introducing WebAssembly to Envoy and Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A vision statement and roadmap for Istio in 2020 (March 3, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/tradewinds-2020/>Istio in 2020 - Following the Trade Winds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A more secure way to manage secrets (February 20, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/istio-agent/>Remove cross-pod unix domain sockets</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Automating Istio configuration for Istio deployments (clusters) that work as a single mesh (January 5, 2020)" href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card2 title="Blog posts for 2019." aria-controls=card2-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2019 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card2 role=region id=card2-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card2><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/dns-cert/>DNS Certificate Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Analyze your Istio configuration to detect potential issues and get general insights (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/introducing-istioctl-analyze/>Introducing istioctl analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction to Istio's new operator-based installation and control plane management feature (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/introducing-istio-operator/>Introducing the Istio Operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/v1beta1-authorization-policy/>Introducing the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Getting programmatic access to Istio resources (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/announcing-istio-client-go/>Announcing Istio client-go</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A more secure way to manage Istio webhooks (November 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/webhook/>Secure Webhook Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Istio ingress gateway to act as a proxy for external services (October 15, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/proxy/>Istio as a Proxy for External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation (October 2, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How can you use Istio to monitor blocked and passthrough external traffic (September 28, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/monitoring-external-service-traffic/>Monitoring Blocked and Passthrough External Service Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Istio to secure multi-cloud Kubernetes applications with zero code changes (September 18, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/app-identity-and-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access Adapter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates a Mixer out-of-process adapter which implements the Knative scale-from-zero logic (September 18, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/knative-activator-adapter/>Mixer Adapter for Knative</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Taking advantage of Kubernetes trustworthy JWTs to issue certificates for workload instances more securely (September 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/trustworthy-jwt-sds/>Change in Secret Discovery Service in Istio 1.3</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The design principles behind Istio's APIs and how those APIs are evolving (August 5, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/evolving-istios-apis/>The Evolution of Istio's APIs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Comparison of alternative solutions to control egress traffic including performance considerations (July 22, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-3/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 3</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use Istio Egress Traffic Control to prevent attacks involving egress traffic (July 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-2/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 2</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tools and guidance for evaluating Istio's data plane performance (July 9, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/performance-best-practices/>Best Practices: Benchmarking Service Mesh Performance</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of Istio self-signed root certificate (June 7, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/root-transition/>Extending Istio Self-Signed Root Certificate Lifetime</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Attacks involving egress traffic and requirements for egress traffic control (May 22, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-1/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 1</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An overview of Istio 1.1 performance (March 19, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/istio1.1_perf/>Architecting Istio 1.1 for Performance</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring Istio route rules in a multicluster service mesh (February 7, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/multicluster-version-routing/>Version Routing in a Multicluster Service Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Announces the new Istio blog policy (February 5, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/sail-the-blog/>Sail the Blog!</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="De-mystify how Istio manages to plugin its data-plane components into an existing deployment (January 31, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/data-plane-setup/>Demystifying Istio's Sidecar Injection Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Verifies the performance impact of adding an egress gateway (January 31, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-performance/>Egress Gateway Performance Investigation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Addressing application startup ordering and startup latency using AppSwitch (January 14, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/appswitch/>Sidestepping Dependency Ordering with AppSwitch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to deploy a custom ingress gateway using cert-manager manually (January 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/custom-ingress-gateway/>Deploy a Custom Ingress Gateway Using Cert-Manager</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio has a new discussion board (January 10, 2019)" href=/v1.9/blog/2019/announcing-discuss.istio.io/>Announcing discuss.istio.io</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card3 title="Blog posts for 2018." aria-controls=card3-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2018 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card3 role=region id=card3-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card3><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to use Istio for traffic management without deploying sidecar proxies (November 21, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/incremental-traffic-management/>Incremental Istio Part 1, Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (November 16, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-mongo/>Consuming External MongoDB Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio hosting an all day Twitch stream to celebrate the 1.0 release (August 3, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/istio-twitch-stream/>All Day Istio Twitch Stream</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How HP is building its next-generation footwear personalization platform on Istio (July 31, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/hp/>Istio a Game Changer for HP's FitStation Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Automatic application onboarding and latency optimizations using AppSwitch (July 30, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/delayering-istio/>Delayering Istio with AppSwitch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describe Istio's authorization feature and how to use it in various use cases (July 20, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/istio-authorization/>Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to export Istio Access Logs to different sinks like BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver (July 9, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/export-logs-through-stackdriver/>Exporting Logs to BigQuery, GCS, Pub/Sub through Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio for monitoring and access policies of HTTP egress traffic (June 22, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-monitoring-access-control/>Monitoring and Access Policies for HTTP Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1alpha3 routing API (April 25, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/v1alpha3-routing/>Introducing the Istio v1alpha3 routing API</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio ingress with a network load balancer on AWS (April 20, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/aws-nlb/>Configuring Istio Ingress with AWS NLB</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Kubernetes namespaces and RBAC to create an Istio soft multi-tenancy environment (April 19, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/soft-multitenancy/>Istio Soft Multi-Tenancy Support</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An introduction to safer, lower-risk deployments and release to production (February 8, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/traffic-mirroring/>Traffic Mirroring with Istio for Testing in Production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (February 6, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-tcp/>Consuming External TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a simple scenario based on Istio's Bookinfo example (January 31, 2018)" href=/v1.9/blog/2018/egress-https/>Consuming External Web Services</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card4 title="Blog posts for 2017." aria-controls=card4-body><svg class="icon blog"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#blog"/></svg>2017 Posts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card4 role=region id=card4-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card4><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Improving availability and reducing latency (December 7, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/mixer-spof-myth/>Mixer and the SPOF Myth</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides an overview of Mixer's plug-in architecture (November 3, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/adapter-model/>Mixer Adapter Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How Kubernetes Network Policy relates to Istio policy (August 10, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-using-network-policy/>Using Network Policy with Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Using Istio to create autoscaled canary deployments (June 14, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-canary/>Canary Deployments using Istio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Authentication 0.1 announcement (May 25, 2017)" href=/v1.9/blog/2017/0.1-auth/>Using Istio to Improve End-to-End Security</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon pull"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.9/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/blog/ title="Posts about using Istio.">Blog</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/blog/2021/ title="Blog posts for 2021.">2021 Posts</a></li><li>Better External Authorization</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Better External Authorization</h1><p class=subtitle>Integrate external authorization system (e.g. OPA, oauth2-proxy, etc.) with Istio using AuthorizationPolicy</p><p class=byline><span>By</span>
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<span class=attribution>Yangmin Zhu (Google)</span><span> | </span><span><svg class="icon calendar"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#calendar"/></svg><span> </span>February 9, 2021</span><span> | </span><span title="1823 words"><svg class="icon clock"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span> </span>9 minute read</span>
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<span> </span>
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<span></span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Background><a href=#background>Background</a><li role=none aria-label=Solution><a href=#solution>Solution</a><li role=none aria-label="Example with OPA"><a href=#example-with-opa>Example with OPA</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Create the example OPA policy"><a href=#create-the-example-opa-policy>Create the example OPA policy</a><li role=none aria-label="Deploy httpbin and OPA"><a href=#deploy-httpbin-and-opa>Deploy httpbin and OPA</a><li role=none aria-label="Define external authorizer"><a href=#define-external-authorizer>Define external authorizer</a><li role=none aria-label="Create an AuthorizationPolicy with a CUSTOM action"><a href=#create-an-authorizationpolicy-with-a-custom-action>Create an AuthorizationPolicy with a CUSTOM action</a><li role=none aria-label="Test the OPA policy"><a href=#test-the-opa-policy>Test the OPA policy</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Summary><a href=#summary>Summary</a><li role=none aria-label=Acknowledgements><a href=#acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><h2 id=background>Background</h2><p>Istio’s authorization policy provides access control for services in the mesh. It is fast, powerful and a widely used
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feature. We have made continuous improvements to make policy more flexible since its first release in Istio 1.4, including
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the <a href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/><code>DENY</code> action</a>, <a href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>exclusion semantics</a>,
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<a href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-ingress/><code>X-Forwarded-For</code> header support</a>, <a href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-jwt/>nested JWT claim support</a>
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and more. These features improve the flexibility of the authorization policy, but there are still many use cases that
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cannot be supported with this model, for example:</p><ul><li><p>You have your own in-house authorization system that cannot be easily migrated to, or cannot be easily replaced by, the
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authorization policy.</p></li><li><p>You want to integrate with a 3rd-party solution (e.g. <a href=https://www.openpolicyagent.org/docs/latest/envoy-authorization/>Open Policy Agent</a>
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or <a href=https://github.com/oauth2-proxy/oauth2-proxy><code>oauth2</code> proxy</a>) which may require use of the
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<a href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>low-level Envoy configuration APIs</a> in Istio, or may not be possible
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at all.</p></li><li><p>Authorization policy lacks necessary semantics for your use case.</p></li></ul><h2 id=solution>Solution</h2><p>In Istio 1.9, we have implemented extensibility into authorization policy by introducing a <a href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/#AuthorizationPolicy-Action><code>CUSTOM</code> action</a>,
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which allows you to delegate the access control decision to an external authorization service.</p><p>The <code>CUSTOM</code> action allows you to integrate Istio with an external authorization system that implements its own custom
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authorization logic. The following diagram shows the high level architecture of this integration:</p><figure style=width:100%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:48.57376397295984%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2021/better-external-authz/external_authz.svg title="External Authorization Architecture"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.9/blog/2021/better-external-authz/external_authz.svg alt="External Authorization Architecture"></a></div><figcaption>External Authorization Architecture</figcaption></figure><p>At configuration time, the mesh admin configures an authorization policy with a <code>CUSTOM</code> action to enable the
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external authorization on a proxy (either gateway or sidecar). The admin should verify the external auth service is up
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and running.</p><p>At runtime,</p><ol><li><p>A request is intercepted by the proxy, and the proxy will send check requests to the external auth service, as
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configured by the user in the authorization policy.</p></li><li><p>The external auth service will make the decision whether to allow it or not.</p></li><li><p>If allowed, the request will continue and will be enforced by any local authorization defined by <code>ALLOW</code>/<code>DENY</code> action.</p></li><li><p>If denied, the request will be rejected immediately.</p></li></ol><p>Let’s look at an example authorization policy with the <code>CUSTOM</code> action:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1
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kind: AuthorizationPolicy
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metadata:
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|
name: ext-authz
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namespace: istio-system
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spec:
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# The selector applies to the ingress gateway in the istio-system namespace.
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|
selector:
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|
matchLabels:
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|
app: istio-ingressgateway
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|
# The action "CUSTOM" delegates the access control to an external authorizer, this is different from
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# the ALLOW/DENY action that enforces the access control right inside the proxy.
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action: CUSTOM
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# The provider specifies the name of the external authorizer defined in the meshconfig, which tells where and how to
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# talk to the external auth service. We will cover this more later.
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provider:
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name: "my-ext-authz-service"
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# The rule specifies that the access control is triggered only if the request path has the prefix "/admin/".
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# This allows you to easily enable or disable the external authorization based on the requests, avoiding the external
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|
# check request if it is not needed.
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|
rules:
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- to:
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- operation:
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paths: ["/admin/*"]
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</code></pre><p>It refers to a provider called <code>my-ext-authz-service</code> which is defined in the mesh config:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>extensionProviders:
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# The name "my-ext-authz-service" is referred to by the authorization policy in its provider field.
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|
- name: "my-ext-authz-service"
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|
# The "envoyExtAuthzGrpc" field specifies the type of the external authorization service is implemented by the Envoy
|
|
# ext-authz filter gRPC API. The other supported type is the Envoy ext-authz filter HTTP API.
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|
# See more in https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/v1.16.2/intro/arch_overview/security/ext_authz_filter.
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|
envoyExtAuthzGrpc:
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|
# The service and port specifies the address of the external auth service, "ext-authz.istio-system.svc.cluster.local"
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|
# means the service is deployed in the mesh. It can also be defined out of the mesh or even inside the pod as a separate
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|
# container.
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service: "ext-authz.istio-system.svc.cluster.local"
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port: 9000
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</code></pre><p>The authorization policy of <a href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/#AuthorizationPolicy-Action><code>CUSTOM</code> action</a>
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enables the external authorization in runtime, it could be configured to trigger the external authorization conditionally
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|
based on the request using the same rule that you have already been using with other actions.</p><p>The external authorization service is currently defined in the <a href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/#MeshConfig-ExtensionProvider><code>meshconfig</code> API</a>
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and referred to by its name. It could be deployed in the mesh with or without proxy. If with the proxy, you could
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further use <code>PeerAuthentication</code> to enable mTLS between the proxy and your external authorization service.</p><p>The <code>CUSTOM</code> action is currently in the <strong>experimental stage</strong>; the API might change in a non-backward compatible way based on user feedback.
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The rule currently does not support authentication related fields (e.g. source principal or JWT claim) and only one
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provider is allowed for a given workload, but you can still use different providers on different workloads.</p><p>For more information, please see the <a href=https://docs.google.com/document/d/1V4mCQCw7mlGp0zSQQXYoBdbKMDnkPOjeyUb85U07iSI/edit#>Better External Authorization design doc</a>.</p><h2 id=example-with-opa>Example with OPA</h2><p>In this section, we will demonstrate using the <code>CUSTOM</code> action with the Open Policy Agent as the external authorizer on
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the ingress gateway. We will conditionally enable the external authorization on all paths except <code>/ip</code>.</p><p>You can also refer to the <a href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-custom/>external authorization task</a> for a more
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basic introduction that uses a sample <code>ext-authz</code> server.</p><h3 id=create-the-example-opa-policy>Create the example OPA policy</h3><p>Run the following command create an OPA policy that allows the request if the prefix of the path is matched with the
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claim “path” (base64 encoded) in the JWT token:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat > policy.rego <<EOF
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package envoy.authz
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import input.attributes.request.http as http_request
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|
|
|
default allow = false
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|
|
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token = {"valid": valid, "payload": payload} {
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[_, encoded] := split(http_request.headers.authorization, " ")
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[valid, _, payload] := io.jwt.decode_verify(encoded, {"secret": "secret"})
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|
}
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|
|
|
allow {
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|
is_token_valid
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|
action_allowed
|
|
}
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|
|
|
is_token_valid {
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|
token.valid
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|
now := time.now_ns() / 1000000000
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|
token.payload.nbf <= now
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|
now < token.payload.exp
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
action_allowed {
|
|
startswith(http_request.path, base64url.decode(token.payload.path))
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}
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|
EOF
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$ kubectl create secret generic opa-policy --from-file policy.rego
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</code></pre><h3 id=deploy-httpbin-and-opa>Deploy httpbin and OPA</h3><p>Enable the sidecar injection:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl label ns default istio-injection=enabled
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</code></pre><p>Run the following command to deploy the example application httpbin and OPA. The OPA could be deployed either as a
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separate container in the httpbin pod or completely in a separate pod:</p><div id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-1 role=tablist class=tabset><div class=tab-strip data-category-name=opa-deploy><button aria-selected=true data-category-value=opa-same aria-controls=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-1-0-panel id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-1-0-tab role=tab><span>Deploy OPA in the same pod</span>
|
|
</button><button tabindex=-1 data-category-value=opa-standalone aria-controls=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-1-1-panel id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-1-1-tab role=tab><span>Deploy OPA in a separate pod</span></button></div><div class=tab-content><div id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-1-0-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-1-0-tab><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
|
|
apiVersion: v1
|
|
kind: Service
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: httpbin-with-opa
|
|
labels:
|
|
app: httpbin-with-opa
|
|
service: httpbin-with-opa
|
|
spec:
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|
ports:
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|
- name: http
|
|
port: 8000
|
|
targetPort: 80
|
|
selector:
|
|
app: httpbin-with-opa
|
|
---
|
|
# Define the service entry for the local OPA service on port 9191.
|
|
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
|
kind: ServiceEntry
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: local-opa-grpc
|
|
spec:
|
|
hosts:
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|
- "local-opa-grpc.local"
|
|
endpoints:
|
|
- address: "127.0.0.1"
|
|
ports:
|
|
- name: grpc
|
|
number: 9191
|
|
protocol: GRPC
|
|
resolution: STATIC
|
|
---
|
|
kind: Deployment
|
|
apiVersion: apps/v1
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: httpbin-with-opa
|
|
labels:
|
|
app: httpbin-with-opa
|
|
spec:
|
|
replicas: 1
|
|
selector:
|
|
matchLabels:
|
|
app: httpbin-with-opa
|
|
template:
|
|
metadata:
|
|
labels:
|
|
app: httpbin-with-opa
|
|
spec:
|
|
containers:
|
|
- image: docker.io/kennethreitz/httpbin
|
|
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
|
|
name: httpbin
|
|
ports:
|
|
- containerPort: 80
|
|
- name: opa
|
|
image: openpolicyagent/opa:latest-envoy
|
|
securityContext:
|
|
runAsUser: 1111
|
|
volumeMounts:
|
|
- readOnly: true
|
|
mountPath: /policy
|
|
name: opa-policy
|
|
args:
|
|
- "run"
|
|
- "--server"
|
|
- "--addr=localhost:8181"
|
|
- "--diagnostic-addr=0.0.0.0:8282"
|
|
- "--set=plugins.envoy_ext_authz_grpc.addr=:9191"
|
|
- "--set=plugins.envoy_ext_authz_grpc.query=data.envoy.authz.allow"
|
|
- "--set=decision_logs.console=true"
|
|
- "--ignore=.*"
|
|
- "/policy/policy.rego"
|
|
livenessProbe:
|
|
httpGet:
|
|
path: /health?plugins
|
|
scheme: HTTP
|
|
port: 8282
|
|
initialDelaySeconds: 5
|
|
periodSeconds: 5
|
|
readinessProbe:
|
|
httpGet:
|
|
path: /health?plugins
|
|
scheme: HTTP
|
|
port: 8282
|
|
initialDelaySeconds: 5
|
|
periodSeconds: 5
|
|
volumes:
|
|
- name: proxy-config
|
|
configMap:
|
|
name: proxy-config
|
|
- name: opa-policy
|
|
secret:
|
|
secretName: opa-policy
|
|
EOF
|
|
</code></pre></div><div hidden id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-1-1-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-1-1-tab><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
|
|
apiVersion: v1
|
|
kind: Service
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: opa
|
|
labels:
|
|
app: opa
|
|
spec:
|
|
ports:
|
|
- name: grpc
|
|
port: 9191
|
|
targetPort: 9191
|
|
selector:
|
|
app: opa
|
|
---
|
|
kind: Deployment
|
|
apiVersion: apps/v1
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: opa
|
|
labels:
|
|
app: opa
|
|
spec:
|
|
replicas: 1
|
|
selector:
|
|
matchLabels:
|
|
app: opa
|
|
template:
|
|
metadata:
|
|
labels:
|
|
app: opa
|
|
spec:
|
|
containers:
|
|
- name: opa
|
|
image: openpolicyagent/opa:latest-envoy
|
|
securityContext:
|
|
runAsUser: 1111
|
|
volumeMounts:
|
|
- readOnly: true
|
|
mountPath: /policy
|
|
name: opa-policy
|
|
args:
|
|
- "run"
|
|
- "--server"
|
|
- "--addr=localhost:8181"
|
|
- "--diagnostic-addr=0.0.0.0:8282"
|
|
- "--set=plugins.envoy_ext_authz_grpc.addr=:9191"
|
|
- "--set=plugins.envoy_ext_authz_grpc.query=data.envoy.authz.allow"
|
|
- "--set=decision_logs.console=true"
|
|
- "--ignore=.*"
|
|
- "/policy/policy.rego"
|
|
ports:
|
|
- containerPort: 9191
|
|
livenessProbe:
|
|
httpGet:
|
|
path: /health?plugins
|
|
scheme: HTTP
|
|
port: 8282
|
|
initialDelaySeconds: 5
|
|
periodSeconds: 5
|
|
readinessProbe:
|
|
httpGet:
|
|
path: /health?plugins
|
|
scheme: HTTP
|
|
port: 8282
|
|
initialDelaySeconds: 5
|
|
periodSeconds: 5
|
|
volumes:
|
|
- name: proxy-config
|
|
configMap:
|
|
name: proxy-config
|
|
- name: opa-policy
|
|
secret:
|
|
secretName: opa-policy
|
|
EOF
|
|
</code></pre><p>Deploy the httpbin as well:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.9/samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml@
|
|
</code></pre></div></div></div></div><h3 id=define-external-authorizer>Define external authorizer</h3><p>Run the following command to edit the <code>meshconfig</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl edit configmap istio -n istio-system
|
|
</code></pre><p>Add the following <code>extensionProviders</code> to the <code>meshconfig</code>:</p><div id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-2 role=tablist class=tabset><div class=tab-strip data-category-name=opa-deploy><button aria-selected=true data-category-value=opa-same aria-controls=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-2-0-panel id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-2-0-tab role=tab><span>Deploy OPA in the same pod</span>
|
|
</button><button tabindex=-1 data-category-value=opa-standalone aria-controls=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-2-1-panel id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-2-1-tab role=tab><span>Deploy OPA in a separate pod</span></button></div><div class=tab-content><div id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-2-0-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-2-0-tab><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: v1
|
|
data:
|
|
mesh: |-
|
|
# Add the following contents:
|
|
extensionProviders:
|
|
- name: "opa.local"
|
|
envoyExtAuthzGrpc:
|
|
service: "local-opa-grpc.local"
|
|
port: "9191"
|
|
</code></pre></div><div hidden id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-2-1-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-2-1-tab><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>apiVersion: v1
|
|
data:
|
|
mesh: |-
|
|
# Add the following contents:
|
|
extensionProviders:
|
|
- name: "opa.default"
|
|
envoyExtAuthzGrpc:
|
|
service: "opa.default.svc.cluster.local"
|
|
port: "9191"
|
|
</code></pre></div></div></div><h3 id=create-an-authorizationpolicy-with-a-custom-action>Create an AuthorizationPolicy with a CUSTOM action</h3><p>Run the following command to create the authorization policy that enables the external authorization on all paths
|
|
except <code>/ip</code>:</p><div id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-3 role=tablist class=tabset><div class=tab-strip data-category-name=opa-deploy><button aria-selected=true data-category-value=opa-same aria-controls=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-3-0-panel id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-3-0-tab role=tab><span>Deploy OPA in the same pod</span>
|
|
</button><button tabindex=-1 data-category-value=opa-standalone aria-controls=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-3-1-panel id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-3-1-tab role=tab><span>Deploy OPA in a separate pod</span></button></div><div class=tab-content><div id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-3-0-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-3-0-tab><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
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apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1
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kind: AuthorizationPolicy
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|
metadata:
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|
name: httpbin-opa
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|
spec:
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|
selector:
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|
matchLabels:
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|
app: httpbin-with-opa
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action: CUSTOM
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provider:
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name: "opa.local"
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|
rules:
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|
- to:
|
|
- operation:
|
|
notPaths: ["/ip"]
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|
EOF
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</code></pre></div><div hidden id=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-3-1-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-blog-2021-better-external-authz-3-1-tab><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
|
|
apiVersion: security.istio.io/v1beta1
|
|
kind: AuthorizationPolicy
|
|
metadata:
|
|
name: httpbin-opa
|
|
spec:
|
|
selector:
|
|
matchLabels:
|
|
app: httpbin
|
|
action: CUSTOM
|
|
provider:
|
|
name: "opa.default"
|
|
rules:
|
|
- to:
|
|
- operation:
|
|
notPaths: ["/ip"]
|
|
EOF
|
|
</code></pre></div></div></div><h3 id=test-the-opa-policy>Test the OPA policy</h3><ol><li><p>Create a client pod to send the request:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.9/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/sleep/sleep.yaml@
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$ export SLEEP_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
|
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</code></pre></div></li><li><p>Use a test JWT token signed by the OPA:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export TOKEN_PATH_HEADERS="eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJwYXRoIjoiTDJobFlXUmxjbk09IiwibmJmIjoxNTAwMDAwMDAwLCJleHAiOjE5MDAwMDAwMDB9.9yl8LcZdq-5UpNLm0Hn0nnoBHXXAnK4e8RSl9vn6l98"
|
|
</code></pre><p>The test JWT token has the following claims:</p><pre><code class=language-json data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>{
|
|
"path": "L2hlYWRlcnM=",
|
|
"nbf": 1500000000,
|
|
"exp": 1900000000
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre><p>The <code>path</code> claim has value <code>L2hlYWRlcnM=</code> which is the base64 encode of <code>/headers</code>.</p></li><li><p>Send a request to path <code>/headers</code> without a token. This should be rejected with 403 because there is no JWT token:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec ${SLEEP_POD} -c sleep -- curl http://httpbin-with-opa:8000/headers -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
|
|
403
|
|
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send a request to path <code>/get</code> with a valid token. This should be rejected with 403 because the path <code>/get</code> is not matched with the token <code>/headers</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec ${SLEEP_POD} -c sleep -- curl http://httpbin-with-opa:8000/get -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN_PATH_HEADERS" -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
|
|
403
|
|
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send a request to path <code>/headers</code> with valid token. This should be allowed with 200 because the path is matched with the token:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec ${SLEEP_POD} -c sleep -- curl http://httpbin-with-opa:8000/headers -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN_PATH_HEADERS" -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
|
|
200
|
|
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send request to path <code>/ip</code> without token. This should be allowed with 200 because the path <code>/ip</code> is excluded from
|
|
authorization:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec ${SLEEP_POD} -c sleep -- curl http://httpbin-with-opa:8000/ip -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n"
|
|
200
|
|
</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the proxy and OPA logs to confirm the result.</p></li></ol><h2 id=summary>Summary</h2><p>In Istio 1.9, the <code>CUSTOM</code> action in the authorization policy allows you to easily integrate Istio with any external
|
|
authorization system with the following benefits:</p><ul><li><p>First-class support in the authorization policy API</p></li><li><p>Ease of usage: define the external authorizer simply with a URL and enable with the authorization policy, no more
|
|
hassle with the <code>EnvoyFilter</code> API</p></li><li><p>Conditional triggering, allowing improved performance</p></li><li><p>Support for various deployment type of the external authorizer:</p><ul><li><p>A normal service and pod with or without proxy</p></li><li><p>Inside the workload pod as a separate container</p></li><li><p>Outside the mesh</p></li></ul></li></ul><p>We’re working to promote this feature to a more stable stage in following versions and welcome your feedback at
|
|
<a href=https://discuss.istio.io/c/security/>discuss.istio.io</a>.</p><h2 id=acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</h2><p>Thanks to <code>Craig Box</code>, <code>Christian Posta</code> and <code>Limin Wang</code> for reviewing drafts of this blog.</p><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/v1beta1-authorization-policy/>Introducing the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy</a></p><p class=desc>Introduction, motivation and design principles for the Istio v1beta1 Authorization Policy.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-custom/>External Authorization</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to integrate and delegate access control to an external authorization system.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2021/migrate-alpha-policy/>Migrate pre-Istio 1.4 Alpha security policy to the current APIs</a></p><p class=desc>A tutorial to help customers migrate from the deprecated v1alpha1 security policy to the supported v1beta1 version.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2018/istio-authorization/>Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization</a></p><p class=desc>Describe Istio's authorization feature and how to use it in various use cases.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>Explicit Deny</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to set up access control to deny traffic explicitly.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>HTTP Traffic</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Learn about sessions, panels, workshops and more on the IstioCon website." href=/v1.9/blog/2021/istiocon-2021-program/><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>IstioCon 2021: Schedule Is Live!</a></div><div class=right></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
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<button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',0)">No</button></div><div id=feedback-comment>Do you have any suggestions for improvement?<br><br><input id=feedback-textbox type=text placeholder="Help us improve..." data-lang=en></div><div id=feedback-thankyou>Thanks for your feedback!</div></div><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label=Background><a href=#background>Background</a><li role=none aria-label=Solution><a href=#solution>Solution</a><li role=none aria-label="Example with OPA"><a href=#example-with-opa>Example with OPA</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Create the example OPA policy"><a href=#create-the-example-opa-policy>Create the example OPA policy</a><li role=none aria-label="Deploy httpbin and OPA"><a href=#deploy-httpbin-and-opa>Deploy httpbin and OPA</a><li role=none aria-label="Define external authorizer"><a href=#define-external-authorizer>Define external authorizer</a><li role=none aria-label="Create an AuthorizationPolicy with a CUSTOM action"><a href=#create-an-authorizationpolicy-with-a-custom-action>Create an AuthorizationPolicy with a CUSTOM action</a><li role=none aria-label="Test the OPA policy"><a href=#test-the-opa-policy>Test the OPA policy</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Summary><a href=#summary>Summary</a><li role=none aria-label=Acknowledgements><a href=#acknowledgements>Acknowledgements</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.9.5 now" href=/v1.9/docs/setup/getting-started/#download aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon download"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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