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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon cancel-x"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card17 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card17-body><svg class="icon concepts"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card17 role=region id=card17-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card17><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture, and its design goals." href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's WebAssembly Plugin system." href=/v1.9/docs/concepts/wasm/>Extensibility</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card44 title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes." aria-controls=card44-body><svg class="icon setup"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card44 role=region id=card44-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card44><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Try Istio’s features quickly and easily." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker Desktop for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup kind for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/kind/>kind</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Kops for use with Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/kops/>Kops</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Gardener cluster for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/gardener/>Kubernetes Gardener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a KubeSphere Container Platform for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/kubesphere/>KubeSphere Container Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup MicroK8s for use with Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/microk8s/>MicroK8s</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup minikube for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize any Istio configuration profile for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Install with Istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster using the Istio operator." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/operator/>Istio Operator Install</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/helm/>Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Install Multicluster"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/multicluster/>Install Multicluster</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Initial steps before installing Istio on multiple clusters." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/multicluster/before-you-begin/>Before you begin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple primary clusters." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/multicluster/multi-primary/>Install Multi-Primary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across primary and remote clusters." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/multicluster/primary-remote/>Install Primary-Remote</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple primary clusters on different networks." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/multicluster/multi-primary_multi-network/>Install Multi-Primary on different networks</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across primary and remote clusters on different networks." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/multicluster/primary-remote_multi-network/>Install Primary-Remote on different networks</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Verify that Istio has been installed properly on multiple clusters." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/multicluster/verify/>Verify the installation</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy Istio and connect a workload running within a virtual machine to it." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/install/virtual-machine/>Virtual Machine Installation</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Upgrade, downgrade, and manage Istio accross multiple control plane revisions." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade Istio by first running a canary deployment of a new control plane." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/upgrade/canary/>Canary Upgrades</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade or downgrade Istio in place." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/upgrade/in-place/>In-place Upgrades</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring and upgrading Istio with gateways (experimental)." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/upgrade/gateways/>Managing Gateways with Multiple Revisions [Experimental]</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an external control plane and remote cluster." href=/v1.9/docs/setup/additional-setup/external-controlplane/>Install Istio with an External Control Plane</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card77 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card77-body><svg class="icon tasks"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card77 role=region id=card77-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card77><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection.">Circuit Breaking</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Locality Load Balancing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This series of tasks demonstrate how to configure locality load balancing in Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Initial steps before configuring locality load balancing." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/before-you-begin/>Before you begin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates how to configure your mesh for locality failover." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/failover/>Locality failover</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This guide demonstrates how to configure locality distribution." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/distribute/>Locality weighted distribution</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Cleanup steps for locality load balancing." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/cleanup/>Cleanup</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress/>Secure Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure a Kubernetes Ingress object to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/kubernetes-ingress/>Kubernetes Ingress</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure the Kubernetes Gateway API with Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/gateway-api/>Kubernetes Gateway API</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services using Secret Discovery Service." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination-sds/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination (SDS)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services using file mount certificates." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination (File Mount)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure Istio for Kubernetes External Services." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-kubernetes-services/>Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Certificate Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Management of the certificates in Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/>Certificate Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how system administrators can configure Istio's CA with a root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/plugin-ca-cert/>Plug in CA Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/dns-cert/>Istio DNS Certificate Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use a Custom Certificate Authority (that integrates with the Kubernetes CSR API) to provision Istio workload certificates (experimental)." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/custom-ca-k8s/>Custom CA Integration using Kubernetes CSR [Experimental]</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authentication><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling mutual TLS and end-user authentication for mesh services." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authentication/>Authentication</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Shows how to control access to Istio services." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>HTTP Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for TCP traffic." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>TCP Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for JWT token." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-jwt/>JWT Token</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to integrate and delegate access control to an external authorization system." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-custom/>External Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control to deny traffic explicitly." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>Explicit Deny</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control on an ingress gateway." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-ingress/>Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-td-migration/>Trust Domain Migration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policy Enforcement"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policy Enforcement</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limit/>Enabling Rate Limits using Envoy</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection and querying of metrics within Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to customize the Istio metrics." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/customize-metrics/>Customizing Istio Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to improve telemetry by grouping requests and responses by their type." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/classify-metrics/>Classifying Metrics Based on Request or Response (Experimental)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection of logs within Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access logs to their standard output." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy's Access Logs</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Lightstep." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>Lightstep</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure tracing options (beta/experimental)." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/configurability/>Configurability [Beta/Experimental]</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/observability/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card100 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card100-body><svg class="icon examples"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card100 role=region id=card100-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card100><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.9/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Run the Bookinfo application with a MySQL service running on a virtual machine within your mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/examples/virtual-machines/>Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This modular tutorial provides new users with hands-on experience using Istio for common microservices scenarios, one step at a time." href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/>Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/>Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/>Setup a Kubernetes Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/>Setup a Local Computer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/>Run a Microservice Locally</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/package-service/>Run ratings in Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/>Run Bookinfo with Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/production-testing/>Test in production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/>Add a new version of reviews</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/>Enable Istio on productpage</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/enable-istio-all-microservices/>Enable Istio on all the microservices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/istio-ingress-gateway/>Configure Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/examples/microservices-istio/logs-istio/>Monitoring with Istio</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card123 title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh." aria-controls=card123-body><svg class="icon guide"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#guide"/></svg>Operations</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card123 role=region id=card123-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card123><li role=treeitem aria-label=Deployment><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Requirements, concepts, and considerations for setting up an Istio deployment." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/deployment/>Deployment</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/deployment/architecture/>Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options and considerations when configuring your Istio deployment." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/>Deployment Models</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture for virtual machines." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/deployment/vm-architecture/>Virtual Machine Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio performance and scalability summary." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/deployment/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Requirements of applications deployed in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>Application Requirements</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Advanced concepts and features for configuring a running Istio mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mesh Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the global mesh configuration." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/>Mesh Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to wait until a resource reaches a given status of readiness." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/config-resource-ready/>Wait on Resource Status for Applied Configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/injection-concepts/>Automatic Sidecar Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to specify protocols." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/protocol-selection/>Protocol Selection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure TLS settings to secure network traffic." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/tls-configuration/>TLS Configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure gateway network topology (experimental)." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/network-topologies/>Configuring Gateway Network Topology [Experimental]</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure DNS proxying." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/dns-proxy/>DNS Proxying</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows common examples of using Istio security policy." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/security/security-policy-examples/>Security policy examples</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use hardened container images to reduce Istio's attack surface." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/security/harden-docker-images/>Harden Docker Container Images</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Prometheus to monitor multicluster Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/monitoring-multicluster-prometheus/>Monitoring Multicluster Istio with Prometheus</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Extensibility><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage extensions to the service mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/extensibility/>Extensibility</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to make remote WebAssembly modules available in the mesh (experimental)." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/configuration/extensibility/wasm-module-distribution/>Distributing WebAssembly Modules [Experimental]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Best Practices"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Best practices for setting up and managing an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/best-practices/>Best Practices</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="General best practices when setting up an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/best-practices/deployment/>Deployment Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration best practices to avoid networking or traffic management issues." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/best-practices/traffic-management/>Traffic Management Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for securing applications using Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/best-practices/security/>Security Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for observing applications using Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/best-practices/observability/>Observability Best Practices</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Problems"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/common-problems/>Common Problems</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio traffic management and network problems." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/>Traffic Management Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio authentication, authorization, and general security-related problems." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/common-problems/security-issues/>Security Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with telemetry collection issues." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/common-problems/observability-issues/>Observability Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to resolve configuration validation problems." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/common-problems/validation/>Configuration Validation Problems</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Diagnostic Tools"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/>Diagnostic Tools</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose issues with Virtual Machines." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/virtual-machines/>Debugging Virtual Machines</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Istiod</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl analyze to identify potential issues with your configuration." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-analyze/>Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into a running istiod component." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/controlz/>Istiod Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Integrations><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Other software that Istio can integrate with to provide additional functionality." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/integrations/>Integrations</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with cert-manager." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/integrations/certmanager/>cert-manager</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Grafana to set up Istio dashboards." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/integrations/grafana/>Grafana</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Jaeger." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/integrations/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Kiali." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/integrations/kiali/>Kiali</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Prometheus." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/integrations/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Zipkin." href=/v1.9/docs/ops/integrations/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card176 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card176-body><svg class="icon reference"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card176 role=region id=card176-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card176><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Global Mesh Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting Istio control plane installation version and shape." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha1/>IstioOperator Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the structure of messages generated by Istio analyzers." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/istio.analysis.v1alpha1/>Analysis Messages</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the role of the `status` field in configuration workflow." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/config-status/>Configuration Status Field</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Proxy Extensions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio proxy extensions." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/>Proxy Extensions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Attribute Generation plugin." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/attributegen/>AttributeGen Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stackdriver filter." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stackdriver/>Stackdriver Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stats Filter." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stats/>Stats Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for AccessLogPolicy Filter." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/accesslogpolicy/>AccessLogPolicy Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Metadata Exchange Filter." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/metadata_exchange/>Metadata Exchange Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable telemetry generation with the Wasm runtime (experimental)." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/wasm_telemetry/>Wasm-based Telemetry [Experimental]</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Customizing Envoy configuration generated by Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes a collection of workload instances." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-group/>Workload Group</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting VMs onboarded into the mesh." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-entry/>Workload Entry</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's security features." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration to validate JWT." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/security/jwt/>JWTRule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Peer authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/security/peer_authentication/>PeerAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Request authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/security/request_authentication/>RequestAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for access control on workloads." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/>Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported conditions in authorization policies." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>Authorization Policy Conditions</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Types"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes common types in Istio API." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/type/>Common Types</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Definition of a workload selector." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/type/workload-selector/>Workload Selector</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio standard metrics exported by Istio telemetry." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/metrics/>Istio Standard Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource annotations used by Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/annotations/>Resource Annotations</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource labels used by Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/labels/>Resource Labels</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Configuration Analysis Messages"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Documents the individual error and warning messages produced during configuration analysis." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/>Configuration Analysis Messages</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0113/>MTLSPolicyConflict</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/message-format/>Analyzer Message Format</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0109/>ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0110/>ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0116/>DeploymentAssociatedToMultipleServices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0117/>DeploymentRequiresServiceAssociated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0002/>Deprecated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0135/>DeprecatedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0104/>GatewayPortNotOnWorkload</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0001/>InternalError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0125/>InvalidAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0122/>InvalidRegexp</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0105/>IstioProxyImageMismatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0119/>JwtFailureDueToInvalidServicePortPrefix</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0107/>MisplacedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0111/>MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0123/>NamespaceMultipleInjectionLabels</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0102/>NamespaceNotInjected</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0127/>NoMatchingWorkloadsFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0128/>NoServerCertificateVerificationDestinationLevel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0129/>NoServerCertificateVerificationPortLevel</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0136/>AlphaAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0103/>PodMissingProxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0131/>VirtualServiceIneffectiveMatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0101/>ReferencedResourceNotFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0106/>SchemaValidationError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0134/>ServiceEntryAddressesRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0108/>UnknownAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0130/>VirtualServiceUnreachableRule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0118/>PortNameIsNotUnderNamingConvention</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0132/>VirtualServiceHostNotFoundInGateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0112/>VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.9/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon pull"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.9/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/ title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system.">Tasks</a></li><li><a href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features.">Traffic Management</a></li><li>Circuit Breaking</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Circuit Breaking</h1><p class=byline><span title="1462 words"><svg class="icon clock"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span> </span>7 minute read</span>
|
||
<span> </span>
|
||
<span><a href=https://github.com/istio/istio.io/tree/master/README.md#testing-document-content title="An automated test is available for this page. Click for details."><svg class="icon checkmark"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#checkmark"/></svg><span> </span>
|
||
page test</a></span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><li role=none aria-label="Configuring the circuit breaker"><a href=#configuring-the-circuit-breaker>Configuring the circuit breaker</a><li role=none aria-label="Adding a client"><a href=#adding-a-client>Adding a client</a><li role=none aria-label="Tripping the circuit breaker"><a href=#tripping-the-circuit-breaker>Tripping the circuit breaker</a><li role=none aria-label="Cleaning up"><a href=#cleaning-up>Cleaning up</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests,
|
||
and outlier detection.</p><p>Circuit breaking is an important pattern for creating resilient microservice
|
||
applications. Circuit breaking allows you to write applications that limit the impact of failures, latency spikes, and other undesirable effects of network peculiarities.</p><p>In this task, you will configure circuit breaking rules and then test the
|
||
configuration by intentionally “tripping” the circuit breaker.</p><h2 id=before-you-begin>Before you begin</h2><ul><li>Setup Istio by following the instructions in the
|
||
<a href=/v1.9/docs/setup/>Installation guide</a>.</li></ul><ul><li><p>Start the <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/release-1.9/samples/httpbin>httpbin</a> sample.</p><p>If you have enabled <a href=/v1.9/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/#automatic-sidecar-injection>automatic sidecar injection</a>, deploy the <code>httpbin</code> service:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.9/samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml@
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>Otherwise, you have to manually inject the sidecar before deploying the <code>httpbin</code> application:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.9/samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f @samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml@)
|
||
</code></pre></div></li></ul><p>The <code>httpbin</code> application serves as the backend service for this task.</p><h2 id=configuring-the-circuit-breaker>Configuring the circuit breaker</h2><ol><li><p>Create a <a href=/v1.9/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>destination rule</a> to apply circuit breaking settings
|
||
when calling the <code>httpbin</code> service:</p><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>If you installed/configured Istio with mutual TLS authentication enabled, you must add a TLS traffic policy <code>mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL</code> to the <code>DestinationRule</code> before applying it.
|
||
Otherwise requests will generate 503 errors as described <a href=/v1.9/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/#503-errors-after-setting-destination-rule>here</a>.</div></aside></div><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
|
||
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
|
||
kind: DestinationRule
|
||
metadata:
|
||
name: httpbin
|
||
spec:
|
||
host: httpbin
|
||
trafficPolicy:
|
||
connectionPool:
|
||
tcp:
|
||
maxConnections: 1
|
||
http:
|
||
http1MaxPendingRequests: 1
|
||
maxRequestsPerConnection: 1
|
||
outlierDetection:
|
||
consecutive5xxErrors: 1
|
||
interval: 1s
|
||
baseEjectionTime: 3m
|
||
maxEjectionPercent: 100
|
||
EOF
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p>Verify the destination rule was created correctly:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=yaml data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get destinationrule httpbin -o yaml
|
||
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1beta1
|
||
kind: DestinationRule
|
||
...
|
||
spec:
|
||
host: httpbin
|
||
trafficPolicy:
|
||
connectionPool:
|
||
http:
|
||
http1MaxPendingRequests: 1
|
||
maxRequestsPerConnection: 1
|
||
tcp:
|
||
maxConnections: 1
|
||
outlierDetection:
|
||
baseEjectionTime: 3m
|
||
consecutive5xxErrors: 1
|
||
interval: 1s
|
||
maxEjectionPercent: 100
|
||
</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=adding-a-client>Adding a client</h2><p>Create a client to send traffic to the <code>httpbin</code> service. The client is
|
||
a simple load-testing client called <a href=https://github.com/istio/fortio>fortio</a>.
|
||
Fortio lets you control the number of connections, concurrency, and
|
||
delays for outgoing HTTP calls. You will use this client to “trip” the circuit breaker
|
||
policies you set in the <code>DestinationRule</code>. </p><ol><li><p>Inject the client with the Istio sidecar proxy so network interactions are
|
||
governed by Istio.</p><p>If you have enabled <a href=/v1.9/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/#automatic-sidecar-injection>automatic sidecar injection</a>, deploy the <code>fortio</code> service:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.9/samples/httpbin/sample-client/fortio-deploy.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/httpbin/sample-client/fortio-deploy.yaml@
|
||
</code></pre></div><p>Otherwise, you have to manually inject the sidecar before deploying the <code>fortio</code> application:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.9/samples/httpbin/sample-client/fortio-deploy.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f @samples/httpbin/sample-client/fortio-deploy.yaml@)
|
||
</code></pre></div></li><li><p>Log in to the client pod and use the fortio tool to call <code>httpbin</code>.
|
||
Pass in <code>curl</code> to indicate that you just want to make one call:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export FORTIO_POD=$(kubectl get pods -lapp=fortio -o 'jsonpath={.items[0].metadata.name}')
|
||
$ kubectl exec "$FORTIO_POD" -c fortio -- /usr/bin/fortio curl -quiet http://httpbin:8000/get
|
||
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
||
server: envoy
|
||
date: Tue, 25 Feb 2020 20:25:52 GMT
|
||
content-type: application/json
|
||
content-length: 586
|
||
access-control-allow-origin: *
|
||
access-control-allow-credentials: true
|
||
x-envoy-upstream-service-time: 36
|
||
|
||
{
|
||
"args": {},
|
||
"headers": {
|
||
"Content-Length": "0",
|
||
"Host": "httpbin:8000",
|
||
"User-Agent": "fortio.org/fortio-1.3.1",
|
||
"X-B3-Parentspanid": "8fc453fb1dec2c22",
|
||
"X-B3-Sampled": "1",
|
||
"X-B3-Spanid": "071d7f06bc94943c",
|
||
"X-B3-Traceid": "86a929a0e76cda378fc453fb1dec2c22",
|
||
"X-Forwarded-Client-Cert": "By=spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/httpbin;Hash=68bbaedefe01ef4cb99e17358ff63e92d04a4ce831a35ab9a31d3c8e06adb038;Subject=\"\";URI=spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/default"
|
||
},
|
||
"origin": "127.0.0.1",
|
||
"url": "http://httpbin:8000/get"
|
||
}
|
||
</code></pre></li></ol><p>You can see the request succeeded! Now, it’s time to break something.</p><h2 id=tripping-the-circuit-breaker>Tripping the circuit breaker</h2><p>In the <code>DestinationRule</code> settings, you specified <code>maxConnections: 1</code> and
|
||
<code>http1MaxPendingRequests: 1</code>. These rules indicate that if you exceed more than
|
||
one connection and request concurrently, you should see some failures when the
|
||
<code>istio-proxy</code> opens the circuit for further requests and connections.</p><ol><li><p>Call the service with two concurrent connections (<code>-c 2</code>) and send 20 requests
|
||
(<code>-n 20</code>):</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec "$FORTIO_POD" -c fortio -- /usr/bin/fortio load -c 2 -qps 0 -n 20 -loglevel Warning http://httpbin:8000/get
|
||
20:33:46 I logger.go:97> Log level is now 3 Warning (was 2 Info)
|
||
Fortio 1.3.1 running at 0 queries per second, 6->6 procs, for 20 calls: http://httpbin:8000/get
|
||
Starting at max qps with 2 thread(s) [gomax 6] for exactly 20 calls (10 per thread + 0)
|
||
20:33:46 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:33:47 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:33:47 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
Ended after 59.8524ms : 20 calls. qps=334.16
|
||
Aggregated Function Time : count 20 avg 0.0056869 +/- 0.003869 min 0.000499 max 0.0144329 sum 0.113738
|
||
# range, mid point, percentile, count
|
||
>= 0.000499 <= 0.001 , 0.0007495 , 10.00, 2
|
||
> 0.001 <= 0.002 , 0.0015 , 15.00, 1
|
||
> 0.003 <= 0.004 , 0.0035 , 45.00, 6
|
||
> 0.004 <= 0.005 , 0.0045 , 55.00, 2
|
||
> 0.005 <= 0.006 , 0.0055 , 60.00, 1
|
||
> 0.006 <= 0.007 , 0.0065 , 70.00, 2
|
||
> 0.007 <= 0.008 , 0.0075 , 80.00, 2
|
||
> 0.008 <= 0.009 , 0.0085 , 85.00, 1
|
||
> 0.011 <= 0.012 , 0.0115 , 90.00, 1
|
||
> 0.012 <= 0.014 , 0.013 , 95.00, 1
|
||
> 0.014 <= 0.0144329 , 0.0142165 , 100.00, 1
|
||
# target 50% 0.0045
|
||
# target 75% 0.0075
|
||
# target 90% 0.012
|
||
# target 99% 0.0143463
|
||
# target 99.9% 0.0144242
|
||
Sockets used: 4 (for perfect keepalive, would be 2)
|
||
Code 200 : 17 (85.0 %)
|
||
Code 503 : 3 (15.0 %)
|
||
Response Header Sizes : count 20 avg 195.65 +/- 82.19 min 0 max 231 sum 3913
|
||
Response Body/Total Sizes : count 20 avg 729.9 +/- 205.4 min 241 max 817 sum 14598
|
||
All done 20 calls (plus 0 warmup) 5.687 ms avg, 334.2 qps
|
||
</code></pre><p>It’s interesting to see that almost all requests made it through! The <code>istio-proxy</code>
|
||
does allow for some leeway.</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>Code 200 : 17 (85.0 %)
|
||
Code 503 : 3 (15.0 %)
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p>Bring the number of concurrent connections up to 3:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec "$FORTIO_POD" -c fortio -- /usr/bin/fortio load -c 3 -qps 0 -n 30 -loglevel Warning http://httpbin:8000/get
|
||
20:32:30 I logger.go:97> Log level is now 3 Warning (was 2 Info)
|
||
Fortio 1.3.1 running at 0 queries per second, 6->6 procs, for 30 calls: http://httpbin:8000/get
|
||
Starting at max qps with 3 thread(s) [gomax 6] for exactly 30 calls (10 per thread + 0)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
20:32:30 W http_client.go:679> Parsed non ok code 503 (HTTP/1.1 503)
|
||
Ended after 51.9946ms : 30 calls. qps=576.98
|
||
Aggregated Function Time : count 30 avg 0.0040001633 +/- 0.003447 min 0.0004298 max 0.015943 sum 0.1200049
|
||
# range, mid point, percentile, count
|
||
>= 0.0004298 <= 0.001 , 0.0007149 , 16.67, 5
|
||
> 0.001 <= 0.002 , 0.0015 , 36.67, 6
|
||
> 0.002 <= 0.003 , 0.0025 , 50.00, 4
|
||
> 0.003 <= 0.004 , 0.0035 , 60.00, 3
|
||
> 0.004 <= 0.005 , 0.0045 , 66.67, 2
|
||
> 0.005 <= 0.006 , 0.0055 , 76.67, 3
|
||
> 0.006 <= 0.007 , 0.0065 , 83.33, 2
|
||
> 0.007 <= 0.008 , 0.0075 , 86.67, 1
|
||
> 0.008 <= 0.009 , 0.0085 , 90.00, 1
|
||
> 0.009 <= 0.01 , 0.0095 , 96.67, 2
|
||
> 0.014 <= 0.015943 , 0.0149715 , 100.00, 1
|
||
# target 50% 0.003
|
||
# target 75% 0.00583333
|
||
# target 90% 0.009
|
||
# target 99% 0.0153601
|
||
# target 99.9% 0.0158847
|
||
Sockets used: 20 (for perfect keepalive, would be 3)
|
||
Code 200 : 11 (36.7 %)
|
||
Code 503 : 19 (63.3 %)
|
||
Response Header Sizes : count 30 avg 84.366667 +/- 110.9 min 0 max 231 sum 2531
|
||
Response Body/Total Sizes : count 30 avg 451.86667 +/- 277.1 min 241 max 817 sum 13556
|
||
All done 30 calls (plus 0 warmup) 4.000 ms avg, 577.0 qps
|
||
</code></pre><p>Now you start to see the expected circuit breaking behavior. Only 36.7% of the
|
||
requests succeeded and the rest were trapped by circuit breaking:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>Code 200 : 11 (36.7 %)
|
||
Code 503 : 19 (63.3 %)
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p>Query the <code>istio-proxy</code> stats to see more:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec "$FORTIO_POD" -c istio-proxy -- pilot-agent request GET stats | grep httpbin | grep pending
|
||
cluster.outbound|8000||httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local.circuit_breakers.default.rq_pending_open: 0
|
||
cluster.outbound|8000||httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local.circuit_breakers.high.rq_pending_open: 0
|
||
cluster.outbound|8000||httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local.upstream_rq_pending_active: 0
|
||
cluster.outbound|8000||httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local.upstream_rq_pending_failure_eject: 0
|
||
cluster.outbound|8000||httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local.upstream_rq_pending_overflow: 21
|
||
cluster.outbound|8000||httpbin.default.svc.cluster.local.upstream_rq_pending_total: 29
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||
</code></pre><p>You can see <code>21</code> for the <code>upstream_rq_pending_overflow</code> value which means <code>21</code>
|
||
calls so far have been flagged for circuit breaking.</p></li></ol><h2 id=cleaning-up>Cleaning up</h2><ol><li><p>Remove the rules:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl delete destinationrule httpbin
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p>Shutdown the <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/release-1.9/samples/httpbin>httpbin</a> service and client:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl delete deploy httpbin fortio-deploy
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||
$ kubectl delete svc httpbin fortio
|
||
</code></pre></li></ol><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2020/alb-ingress-gateway-iks/>Direct encrypted traffic from IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Ingress to Istio Ingress Gateway</a></p><p class=desc>Configure the IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Application Load Balancer to direct traffic to the Istio Ingress gateway with mutual TLS.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</a></p><p class=desc>Automating Istio configuration for Istio deployments (clusters) that work as a single mesh.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/proxy/>Istio as a Proxy for External Services</a></p><p class=desc>Configure Istio ingress gateway to act as a proxy for external services.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/isolated-clusters/>Multi-Mesh Deployments for Isolation and Boundary Protection</a></p><p class=desc>Deploy environments that require isolation into separate meshes and enable inter-mesh communication by mesh federation.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-3/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 3</a></p><p class=desc>Comparison of alternative solutions to control egress traffic including performance considerations.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.9/blog/2019/egress-traffic-control-in-istio-part-2/>Secure Control of Egress Traffic in Istio, part 2</a></p><p class=desc>Use Istio Egress Traffic Control to prevent attacks involving egress traffic.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/><svg class="icon left-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Request Timeouts</a></div><div class=right><a title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.9/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring<svg class="icon right-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
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<button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',0)">No</button></div><div id=feedback-comment>Do you have any suggestions for improvement?<br><br><input id=feedback-textbox type=text placeholder="Help us improve..." data-lang=en></div><div id=feedback-thankyou>Thanks for your feedback!</div></div><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><li role=none aria-label="Configuring the circuit breaker"><a href=#configuring-the-circuit-breaker>Configuring the circuit breaker</a><li role=none aria-label="Adding a client"><a href=#adding-a-client>Adding a client</a><li role=none aria-label="Tripping the circuit breaker"><a href=#tripping-the-circuit-breaker>Tripping the circuit breaker</a><li role=none aria-label="Cleaning up"><a href=#cleaning-up>Cleaning up</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.9.5 now" href=/v1.9/docs/setup/getting-started/#download aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon download"><use xlink:href="/v1.9/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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