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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class="primary notoc"><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card25 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card25-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card25 role=region id=card25-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card25><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture, and its design goals." href=/v1.4/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li 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aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card52><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Download, install, and learn how to evaluate and try Istio’s basic features quickly." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker Desktop for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Gardener cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/gardener/>Kubernetes Gardener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup MicroK8s for use with Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/microk8s/>MicroK8s</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup minikube for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize any Istio configuration profile for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Customizable Install with Istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster using the Istio operator." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/standalone-operator/>Standalone Operator Install [Experimental]</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/simplified/>Simplified Multicluster Install [Experimental]</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with replicated control plane instances." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/>Replicated control planes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with a shared control plane and VPN connectivity between clusters." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared-vpn/>Shared control plane (single-network)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using a shared control plane for disconnected cluster networks." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared-gateways/>Shared control plane (multi-network)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the upgrade guide that corresponds to the approach you previously used to install Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade or downgrade Istio using the istioctl upgrade command." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/upgrade/istioctl-upgrade/>Upgrade Istio using istioctl [Experimental]</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane, and optionally, the CNI plug-in using Helm." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/upgrade/cni-helm-upgrade/>Upgrade using Helm</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card83 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card83-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card83 role=region id=card83-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card83><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using file-mounted certificates." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-mount/>Secure Gateways (File Mount)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using the secret discovery service (SDS)." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-sds/>Secure Gateways (SDS)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-certmgr/>Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure Istio Kubernetes External Services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-kubernetes-services/>Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authentication><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling mutual TLS and end-user authentication for mesh services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/>Authentication</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A simplified workflow to adopt mutual TLS with minimal configuration overhead." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/auto-mtls/>Automatic mutual TLS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS Deep-Dive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/https-overlay/>Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Citadel Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Customizing the Citadel certificate authority." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/>Citadel Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in External CA Key and Certificate</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/health-check/>Citadel Health Checking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable SDS (secret discovery service) for Istio identity provisioning." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/auth-sds/>Provisioning Identity through SDS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure which namespaces Citadel should generate service account secrets for." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/ca-namespace-targeting/>Configure Citadel Service Account Secret Generation</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Shows how to control access to Istio services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for HTTP traffic." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for TCP traffic." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authorization/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-td-migration/>Authorization Policy Trust Domain Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/dns-cert/>Istio DNS Certificate Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to manage webhooks in Istio through istioctl." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/webhook/>Istio Webhook Management [Experimental]</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access log to their standard output." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy&#39;s Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card104 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card104-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card104 role=region id=card104-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card104><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application across a multicluster mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/bookinfo-multicluster/>Bookinfo Application - Multicluster</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Virtual Machines"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Examples that add workloads running on virtual machines to an Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/virtual-machines/>Virtual Machines</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your single network Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/virtual-machines/single-network/>Virtual Machines in Single-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your multi-network Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/virtual-machines/multi-network/>Virtual Machines in Multi-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Run the Bookinfo application with a MySQL service running on a virtual machine within your mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/virtual-machines/bookinfo/>Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This modular tutorial provides new users with hands-on experience using Istio for common microservices scenarios, one step at a time." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/microservices-istio/>Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/>Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/>Setup a Kubernetes Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/>Setup a Local Computer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/>Run a Microservice Locally</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform-specific Examples (Deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Examples for specific platform installations of Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/platform/>Platform-specific Examples (Deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/platform/endpoints/>Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Set up a multicluster mesh over two GKE clusters." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/platform/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Example multicluster mesh over two IBM Cloud Private clusters." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/platform/icp/>IBM Cloud Private</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card125 title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh." aria-controls=card125-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#guide"/></svg>Operations</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card125 role=region id=card125-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card125><li role=treeitem aria-label=Deployment><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Requirements, concepts, and considerations for setting up an Istio deployment." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/>Deployment</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/architecture/>Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options and considerations when configuring your Istio deployment." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/>Deployment Models</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio performance and scalability summary." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Advanced concepts and features for configuring a running Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mesh Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the global mesh configuration." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/>Mesh Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/injection-concepts/>Automatic Sidecar Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how Citadel determines whether to create service account secrets." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/secret-creation/>Service Account Secret Creation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for server-side configuration validation." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/validation/>Configuration Validation Webhook</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to specify protocols." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/protocol-selection/>Protocol Selection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to enable and understand Locality Load Balancing." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use hardened container images to reduce Istio's attack surface." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/security/harden-docker-images/>Harden Docker Container Images</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of the Istio self-signed root certificate." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/security/root-transition/>Extending Self-Signed Certificate Lifetime</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable in-proxy generation of HTTP service-level metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/in-proxy-service-telemetry/>Generate Istio Metrics Without Mixer [Alpha]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Best Practices"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Best practices for setting up and managing an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/best-practices/>Best Practices</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="General best practices when setting up an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/best-practices/deployment/>Deployment Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration best practices to avoid networking or traffic management issues." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/best-practices/traffic-management/>Traffic Management Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for securing applications using Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/best-practices/security/>Security Best Practices</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Problems"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/>Common Problems</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio traffic management and network problems." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/>Traffic Management Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio authentication, authorization, and general security-related problems." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/security-issues/>Security Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with telemetry collection issues." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/observability-issues/>Observability Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Describes how to resolve Galley configuration problems.">Galley Configuration Problems</span></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Diagnostic Tools"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/>Diagnostic Tools</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Pilot</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl analyze to identify potential issues with your configuration." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-analyze/>Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into individual running components." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/controlz/>Component Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card160 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card160-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card160 role=region id=card160-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card160><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration options for Istio control plane installation using istioctl." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha12.pb/>Installation Options (istioctl)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using Helm charts." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options (Helm)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Global Mesh Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource annotations used by Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/annotations/>Resource Annotations</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Customizing Envoy configuration generated by Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's security features." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for access control on workloads." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/>Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported conditions in authorization policies." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>Authorization Policy Conditions</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC (deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/constraints-and-properties/>RBAC Constraints and Properties (deprecated)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policies and Telemetry"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the configuration model for Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/>Mixer Configuration Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Adapters><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Adapters</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to enforce authentication and authorization policies for web apps and APIs." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/app-identity-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An Istio Mixer adapter to send telemetry data to New Relic." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/newrelic/>New Relic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Configuration Analysis Messages"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Documents the individual error and warning messages produced during configurarion analysis." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/>Configuration Analysis Messages</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/message-format/>Analyzer Message Format</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0109/>ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0110/>ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0002/>Deprecated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0104/>GatewayPortNotOnWorkload</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0001/>InternalError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0105/>IstioProxyVersionMismatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0119/>JwtFailureDueToInvalidServicePortPrefix</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0107/>MisplacedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0111/>MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0102/>NamespaceNotInjected</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0112/>VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0108/>UnknownAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0106/>SchemaValidationError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0101/>ReferencedResourceNotFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0103/>PodMissingProxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.4/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.4/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.4/docs/ops/ title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh.">Operations</a></li><li><a href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/ title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio.">Common Problems</a></li><li>Galley Configuration Problems</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Galley Configuration Problems</h1><p class=byline><span title="883 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>5 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class="toc-inlined toc-forced" aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Seemingly valid configuration is rejected"><a href=#seemingly-valid-configuration-is-rejected>Seemingly valid configuration is rejected</a><li role=none aria-label="Invalid configuration is accepted"><a href=#invalid-configuration-is-accepted>Invalid configuration is accepted</a><li role=none aria-label="Creating configuration fails with x509 certificate errors"><a href=#creating-configuration-fails-with-x509-certificate-errors>Creating configuration fails with x509 certificate errors</a><li role=none aria-label="Creating configuration fails with no such hosts or no endpoints available errors"><a href=#creating-configuration-fails-with-no-such-hosts-or-no-endpoints-available-errors>Creating configuration fails with <code>no such hosts</code> or <code>no endpoints available</code> errors</a></ol><hr></div></nav><h2 id=seemingly-valid-configuration-is-rejected>Seemingly valid configuration is rejected</h2><p>Manually verify your configuration is correct, cross-referencing
<a href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config>Istio API reference</a> when
necessary.</p><h2 id=invalid-configuration-is-accepted>Invalid configuration is accepted</h2><p>Verify the <code>istio-galley</code> <code>validationwebhookconfiguration</code> exists and
is correct. The <code>apiVersion</code>, <code>apiGroup</code>, and <code>resource</code> of the
invalid configuration should be listed in one of the two <code>webhooks</code>
entries.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=yaml data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get validatingwebhookconfiguration istio-galley -o yaml
apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
labels:
app: istio-galley
name: istio-galley
ownerReferences:
- apiVersion: apps/v1
blockOwnerDeletion: true
controller: true
kind: Deployment
name: istio-galley
uid: 5c64585d-91c6-11e8-a98a-42010a8001a8
webhooks:
- clientConfig:
# caBundle should be non-empty. This is periodically (re)patched
# every second by the webhook service using the ca-cert
# from the mounted service account secret.
caBundle: 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
service:
# service corresponds to the Kubernetes service that implements the
# webhook, e.g. istio-galley.istio-system.svc:443
name: istio-galley
namespace: istio-system
path: /admitpilot
failurePolicy: Fail
name: pilot.validation.istio.io
namespaceSelector: {}
rules:
- apiGroups:
- config.istio.io
apiVersions:
- v1alpha2
operations:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
resources:
- httpapispecs
- httpapispecbindings
- quotaspecs
- quotaspecbindings
- apiGroups:
- rbac.istio.io
apiVersions:
- &#39;*&#39;
operations:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
resources:
- &#39;*&#39;
- apiGroups:
- authentication.istio.io
apiVersions:
- &#39;*&#39;
operations:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
resources:
- &#39;*&#39;
- apiGroups:
- networking.istio.io
apiVersions:
- &#39;*&#39;
operations:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
resources:
- destinationrules
- envoyfilters
- gateways
- virtualservices
- clientConfig:
# caBundle should be non-empty. This is periodically (re)patched
# every second by the webhook service using the ca-cert
# from the mounted service account secret.
caBundle: 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
service:
# service corresponds to the Kubernetes service that implements the
# webhook, e.g. istio-galley.istio-system.svc:443
name: istio-galley
namespace: istio-system
path: /admitmixer
failurePolicy: Fail
name: mixer.validation.istio.io
namespaceSelector: {}
rules:
- apiGroups:
- config.istio.io
apiVersions:
- v1alpha2
operations:
- CREATE
- UPDATE
resources:
- rules
- attributemanifests
- circonuses
- deniers
- fluentds
- kubernetesenvs
- listcheckers
- memquotas
- noops
- opas
- prometheuses
- rbacs
- servicecontrols
- solarwindses
- stackdrivers
- statsds
- stdios
- apikeys
- authorizations
- checknothings
- listentries
- logentries
- metrics
- quotas
- reportnothings
- servicecontrolreports
- tracespans
</code></pre><p>If the <code>validatingwebhookconfiguration</code> doesn’t exist, verify the
<code>istio-galley-configuration</code> <code>configmap</code> exists. <code>istio-galley</code> uses
the data from this configmap to create and update the
<code>validatingwebhookconfiguration</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=yaml data-repo=istio>$ kubectl -n istio-system get configmap istio-galley-configuration -o jsonpath=&#39;{.data}&#39;
map[validatingwebhookconfiguration.yaml:apiVersion: admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
metadata:
name: istio-galley
namespace: istio-system
labels:
app: istio-galley
chart: galley-1.0.0
release: istio
heritage: Tiller
webhooks:
- name: pilot.validation.istio.io
clientConfig:
service:
name: istio-galley
namespace: istio-system
path: &#34;/admitpilot&#34;
caBundle: &#34;&#34;
rules:
- operations:
(... snip ...)
</code></pre><p>If the webhook array in <code>istio-galley-configuration</code> is empty, verify
the <code>galley.enabled</code> and <code>global.configValidation</code> installation options are
set.</p><p>The <code>istio-galley</code> validation configuration is fail-close. If
configuration exists and is scoped properly, the webhook will be
invoked. A missing <code>caBundle</code>, bad certificate, or network connectivity
problem will produce an error message when the resource is
created/updated. If you don’t see any error message and the webhook
wasn’t invoked and the webhook configuration is valid, your cluster is
misconfigured.</p><h2 id=creating-configuration-fails-with-x509-certificate-errors>Creating configuration fails with x509 certificate errors</h2><p><code>x509: certificate signed by unknown authority</code> related errors are
typically caused by an empty <code>caBundle</code> in the webhook
configuration. Verify that it is not empty (see <a href=#invalid-configuration-is-accepted>verify webhook
configuration</a>). The
<code>istio-galley</code> deployment consciously reconciles webhook configuration
used the <code>istio-galley-configuration</code> <code>configmap</code> and root certificate
mounted from <code>istio.istio-galley-service-account</code> secret in the
<code>istio-system</code> namespace.</p><ol><li><p>Verify the <code>istio-galley</code> pod(s) are running:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl -n istio-system get pod -listio=galley
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
istio-galley-5dbbbdb746-d676g 1/1 Running 0 2d
</code></pre></li><li><p>Verify you’re using Istio version &gt;= 1.0.0. Older version of Galley
did not properly re-patch the <code>caBundle</code>. This typically happened
when the <code>istio.yaml</code> was re-applied, overwriting a previously
patched <code>caBundle</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ for pod in $(kubectl -n istio-system get pod -listio=galley -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[*].metadata.name}&#39;); do \
kubectl -n istio-system exec ${pod} -it /usr/local/bin/galley version| grep ^Version; \
done
Version: 1.0.0
</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the Galley pod logs for errors. Failing to patch the
<code>caBundle</code> should print an error.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ for pod in $(kubectl -n istio-system get pod -listio=galley -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[*].metadata.name}&#39;); do \
kubectl -n istio-system logs ${pod} \
done
</code></pre></li><li><p>If the patching failed, verify the RBAC configuration for Galley:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=yaml data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get clusterrole istio-galley-istio-system -o yaml
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
labels:
app: istio-galley
name: istio-galley-istio-system
rules:
- apiGroups:
- admissionregistration.k8s.io
resources:
- validatingwebhookconfigurations
verbs:
- &#39;*&#39;
- apiGroups:
- config.istio.io
resources:
- &#39;*&#39;
verbs:
- get
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- &#39;*&#39;
resourceNames:
- istio-galley
resources:
- deployments
verbs:
- get
</code></pre><p><code>istio-galley</code> needs <code>validatingwebhookconfigurations</code> write access to
create and update the <code>istio-galley</code> <code>validatingwebhookconfiguration</code>.</p></li></ol><h2 id=creating-configuration-fails-with-no-such-hosts-or-no-endpoints-available-errors>Creating configuration fails with <code>no such hosts</code> or <code>no endpoints available</code> errors</h2><p>Validation is fail-close. If the <code>istio-galley</code> pod is not ready,
configuration cannot be created and updated. In such cases you’ll see
an error about <code>no endpoints available</code>.</p><p>Verify the <code>istio-galley</code> pod(s) are running and endpoints are ready.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl -n istio-system get pod -listio=galley
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
istio-galley-5dbbbdb746-d676g 1/1 Running 0 2d
</code></pre><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl -n istio-system get endpoints istio-galley
NAME ENDPOINTS AGE
istio-galley 10.48.6.108:15014,10.48.6.108:443 3d
</code></pre><p>If the pods or endpoints aren&rsquo;t ready, check the pod logs and
status for any indication about why the webhook pod is failing to start
and serve traffic.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ for pod in $(kubectl -n istio-system get pod -listio=galley -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[*].metadata.name}&#39;); do \
kubectl -n istio-system logs ${pod} \
done
</code></pre><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ for pod in $(kubectl -n istio-system get pod -listio=galley -o name); do \
kubectl -n istio-system describe ${pod} \
done
</code></pre></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></div><div class=right></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
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