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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card23 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card23-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card23 role=region id=card23-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card23><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture, and its design goals." href=/v1.7/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.7/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.7/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's WebAssembly Plugin system." href=/v1.7/docs/concepts/wasm/>Extensibility</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card47 title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes." aria-controls=card47-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card47 role=region id=card47-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card47><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Try Istio’s features quickly and easily." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker Desktop for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup kind for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/kind/>kind</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Kops for use with Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/kops/>Kops</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Gardener cluster for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/gardener/>Kubernetes Gardener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a KubeSphere Container Platform for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/kubesphere/>KubeSphere Container Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup MicroK8s for use with Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/microk8s/>MicroK8s</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup minikube for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize any Istio configuration profile for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Install with Istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster using the Istio operator." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/install/operator/>Istio Operator Install</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with replicated control plane instances." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/>Replicated control planes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with a shared control plane." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared/>Shared control plane (single and multiple networks)</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy Istio and connect a workload running within a virtual machine to it." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/install/virtual-machine/>Virtual Machine Installation</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade or downgrade Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/upgrade/>Upgrade Istio</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.7/docs/setup/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card83 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card83-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card83 role=region id=card83-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card83><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure a Kubernetes Ingress object to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/kubernetes-ingress/>Ingress (Kubernetes)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress/>Secure Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services using file mount certificates." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination (File Mount)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services using Secret Discovery Service." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination-sds/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination (SDS)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress with Mixer (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure Istio for Kubernetes External Services." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-kubernetes-services/>Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Certificate Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Management of the certificates in Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/>Certificate Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how system administrators can configure Istio's CA with an existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in existing CA Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/dns-cert/>Istio DNS Certificate Management</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authentication><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling mutual TLS and end-user authentication for mesh services." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/authentication/>Authentication</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Shows how to control access to Istio services." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control for TCP traffic." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control with JWT in Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-jwt/>Authorization with JWT</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control to deny traffic explicitly." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>Authorization policies with a deny action</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control on an ingress gateway." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-ingress/>Authorization on Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-td-migration/>Authorization Policy Trust Domain Migration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing (Deprecated)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection and querying of metrics within Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to customize the Istio metrics." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/customize-metrics/>Customizing Istio Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to improve telemetry by grouping requests and responses by their type." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/classify-metrics/>Classifying Metrics Based on Request or Response (Experimental)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection of logs within Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access logs to their standard output." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy's Access Logs</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Lightstep." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>Lightstep</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure tracing options (beta/development)." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/configurability/>Configurability (Beta/Development)</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Using Mixer for Telemetry (deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh using Mixer." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/>Using Mixer for Telemetry (deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics using Mixer." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics With Mixer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services with Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs with Mixer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.7/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Mixer and Fluentd</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card104 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card104-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card104 role=region id=card104-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card104><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.7/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Virtual Machines"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Examples that add workloads running on virtual machines to an Istio mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/examples/virtual-machines/>Virtual Machines</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your single-network Istio mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/examples/virtual-machines/single-network/>Example Application using Virtual Machines in a Single Network Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your multi-network Istio mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/examples/virtual-machines/multi-network/>Virtual Machines in Multi-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Run the Bookinfo application with a MySQL service running on a virtual machine within your mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/examples/virtual-machines/bookinfo/>Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This modular tutorial provides new users with hands-on experience using Istio for common microservices scenarios, one step at a time." href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/>Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/>Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/>Setup a Kubernetes Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/>Setup a Local Computer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/>Run a Microservice Locally</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/package-service/>Run ratings in Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/>Run Bookinfo with Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/production-testing/>Test in production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/>Add a new version of reviews</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/>Enable Istio on productpage</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/enable-istio-all-microservices/>Enable Istio on all the microservices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/istio-ingress-gateway/>Configure Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/examples/microservices-istio/logs-istio/>Monitoring with Istio</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card126 title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh." aria-controls=card126-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#guide"/></svg>Operations</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card126 role=region id=card126-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card126><li role=treeitem aria-label=Deployment><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Requirements, concepts, and considerations for setting up an Istio deployment." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/deployment/>Deployment</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/deployment/architecture/>Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options and considerations when configuring your Istio deployment." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/>Deployment Models</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio performance and scalability summary." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/deployment/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Advanced concepts and features for configuring a running Istio mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mesh Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the global mesh configuration." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/>Mesh Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to wait to apply mesh configuration until a resource reaches a given status or readiness." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/config-resource-ready/>Wait for Resource Status to Apply Configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/injection-concepts/>Automatic Sidecar Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to specify protocols." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/protocol-selection/>Protocol Selection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to enable and understand Locality Load Balancing." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure gateway network topology (Development)." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/network-topologies/>Configuring Gateway Network Topology (Development)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use hardened container images to reduce Istio's attack surface." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/security/harden-docker-images/>Harden Docker Container Images</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of the Istio self-signed root certificate." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/security/root-transition/>Extending Self-Signed Certificate Lifetime</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Prometheus to monitor multicluster Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/monitoring-multicluster-prometheus/>Monitoring Multicluster Istio with Prometheus</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Best Practices"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Best practices for setting up and managing an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/best-practices/>Best Practices</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="General best practices when setting up an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/best-practices/deployment/>Deployment Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration best practices to avoid networking or traffic management issues." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/best-practices/traffic-management/>Traffic Management Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for securing applications using Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/best-practices/security/>Security Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for observing applications using Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/best-practices/observability/>Observability Best Practices</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Problems"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/common-problems/>Common Problems</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio traffic management and network problems." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/>Traffic Management Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio authentication, authorization, and general security-related problems." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/common-problems/security-issues/>Security Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with telemetry collection issues." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/common-problems/observability-issues/>Observability Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to resolve configuration validation problems." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/common-problems/validation/>Configuration Validation Problems</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Diagnostic Tools"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/>Diagnostic Tools</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management.">Debugging Envoy and Istiod</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl analyze to identify potential issues with your configuration." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-analyze/>Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into a running istiod component." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/controlz/>Istiod Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Integrations><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Other softwares that Istio can integrate with to provide additional functionality." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/integrations/>Integrations</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with cert-manager." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/integrations/certmanager/>cert-manager</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Grafana to set up Istio dashboards." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/integrations/grafana/>Grafana</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Jaeger." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/integrations/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Kiali." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/integrations/kiali/>Kiali</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Prometheus." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/integrations/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Zipkin." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/integrations/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card175 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card175-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card175 role=region id=card175-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card175><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the structure of messages generated by Istio analyzers." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/istio.analysis.v1alpha1/>Analysis Messages</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Global Mesh Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting Istio control plane installation version and shape." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha1/>IstioOperator Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the role of the `status` field in configuration workflow." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/config-status/>Configuration Status Field</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Proxy Extensions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio proxy extensions." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/>Proxy Extensions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stats Filter." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stats/>Stats Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stackdriver filter." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stackdriver/>Stackdriver Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for AccessLogPolicy Filter." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/accesslogpolicy/>AccessLogPolicy Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Metadata Exchange Filter." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/metadata_exchange/>Metadata Exchange Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Attribute Generation plugin." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/attributegen/>AttributeGen Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable telemetry generation with the Wasm runtime (experimental)." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/wasm_telemetry/>Wasm-based Telemetry (Experimental)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Customizing Envoy configuration generated by Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting VMs onboarded into the mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-entry/>Workload Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/networking/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/networking/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's security features." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration to validate JWT." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/security/jwt/>JWTRule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Request authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/security/request_authentication/>RequestAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Peer authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/security/peer_authentication/>PeerAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for access control on workloads." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/>Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported conditions in authorization policies." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>Authorization Policy Conditions</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio standard metrics exported by Istio telemetry." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/metrics/>Istio Standard Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource annotations used by Istio." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/annotations/>Resource Annotations</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Configuration Analysis Messages"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Documents the individual error and warning messages produced during configuration analysis." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/>Configuration Analysis Messages</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/message-format/>Analyzer Message Format</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0109/>ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0110/>ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0002/>Deprecated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0104/>GatewayPortNotOnWorkload</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0001/>InternalError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0105/>IstioProxyImageMismatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0119/>JwtFailureDueToInvalidServicePortPrefix</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0107/>MisplacedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0113/>MTLSPolicyConflict</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0111/>MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0102/>NamespaceNotInjected</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0106/>SchemaValidationError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0112/>VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0108/>UnknownAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0101/>ReferencedResourceNotFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0118/>PortNameIsNotUnderNamingConvention</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0103/>PodMissingProxy</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mixer Policies and Telemetry (Deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Mixer Policies and Telemetry (Deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the configuration model for Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/>Mixer Configuration Model (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mixer Adapters (Deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Mixer Adapters (Deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to enforce authentication and authorization policies for web apps and APIs." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/app-identity-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Layer5." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/layer5/>Layer5</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An Istio Mixer adapter to send telemetry data to New Relic." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/newrelic/>New Relic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.7/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.7/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.7/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.7/docs/ops/ title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh.">Operations</a></li><li><a href=/v1.7/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/ title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh.">Diagnostic Tools</a></li><li>Debugging Envoy and Istiod</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Debugging Envoy and Istiod</h1><p class=byline><span title="1782 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>9 minute read</span>
<span>&nbsp;</span>
<span><a href=https://github.com/istio/istio.io/tree/master/tests title="No automated test is available for this page. Click for details or to help create one."><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#cancel-grey"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>
page test</a></span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Get an overview of your mesh"><a href=#get-an-overview-of-your-mesh>Get an overview of your mesh</a><li role=none aria-label="Retrieve diffs between Envoy and Istiod"><a href=#retrieve-diffs-between-envoy-and-istiod>Retrieve diffs between Envoy and Istiod</a><li role=none aria-label="Deep dive into Envoy configuration"><a href=#deep-dive-into-envoy-configuration>Deep dive into Envoy configuration</a><li role=none aria-label="Inspecting bootstrap configuration"><a href=#inspecting-bootstrap-configuration>Inspecting bootstrap configuration</a><li role=none aria-label="Verifying connectivity to Istiod"><a href=#verifying-connectivity-to-istiod>Verifying connectivity to Istiod</a><li role=none aria-label="What Envoy version is Istio using?"><a href=#what-envoy-version-is-istio-using>What Envoy version is Istio using?</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>Istio provides two very valuable commands to help diagnose traffic management configuration problems,
the <a href=/v1.7/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-proxy-status><code>proxy-status</code></a>
and <a href=/v1.7/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-proxy-config><code>proxy-config</code></a> commands. The <code>proxy-status</code> command
allows you to get an overview of your mesh and identify the proxy causing the problem. Then <code>proxy-config</code> can be used
to inspect Envoy configuration and diagnose the issue.</p><p>If you want to try the commands described below, you can either:</p><ul><li>Have a Kubernetes cluster with Istio and Bookinfo installed (as described in
<a href=/v1.7/docs/setup/getting-started/>installation steps</a> and
<a href=/v1.7/docs/examples/bookinfo/#deploying-the-application>Bookinfo installation steps</a>).</li></ul><p>OR</p><ul><li>Use similar commands against your own application running in a Kubernetes cluster.</li></ul><h2 id=get-an-overview-of-your-mesh>Get an overview of your mesh</h2><p>The <code>proxy-status</code> command allows you to get an overview of your mesh. If you suspect one of your sidecars isn&rsquo;t
receiving configuration or is out of sync then <code>proxy-status</code> will tell you this.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl proxy-status
NAME CDS LDS EDS RDS ISTIOD VERSION
details-v1-558b8b4b76-qzqsg.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED istiod-6cf8d4f9cb-wm7x6 1.7.0
istio-ingressgateway-66c994c45c-cmb7x.istio-system SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED NOT SENT istiod-6cf8d4f9cb-wm7x6 1.7.0
productpage-v1-6987489c74-nc7tj.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED istiod-6cf8d4f9cb-wm7x6 1.7.0
prometheus-7bdc59c94d-hcp59.istio-system SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED istiod-6cf8d4f9cb-wm7x6 1.7.0
ratings-v1-7dc98c7588-5m6xj.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED istiod-6cf8d4f9cb-wm7x6 1.7.0
reviews-v1-7f99cc4496-rtsqn.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED istiod-6cf8d4f9cb-wm7x6 1.7.0
reviews-v2-7d79d5bd5d-tj6kf.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED istiod-6cf8d4f9cb-wm7x6 1.7.0
reviews-v3-7dbcdcbc56-t8wrx.default SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED SYNCED istiod-6cf8d4f9cb-wm7x6 1.7.0
</code></pre><p>If a proxy is missing from this list it means that it is not currently connected to a Istiod instance so will not be
receiving any configuration.</p><ul><li><code>SYNCED</code> means that Envoy has acknowledged the last configuration <span class=term data-title=Istiod data-body='<p>The Istiod component is the consolidated monolithic control plane binary that encapsulates the functions of Pilot, Citadel, Mixer, and Galley.</p>
<p><a href="/blog/2020/tradewinds-2020/#fewer-moving-parts">Learn more about Istiod</a>.</p>'>Istiod</span> has sent to it.</li><li><code>NOT SENT</code> means that Istiod hasn&rsquo;t sent anything to Envoy. This usually is because Istiod has nothing to send.</li><li><code>STALE</code> means that Istiod has sent an update to Envoy but has not received an acknowledgement. This usually indicates
a networking issue between Envoy and Istiod or a bug with Istio itself.</li></ul><h2 id=retrieve-diffs-between-envoy-and-istiod>Retrieve diffs between Envoy and Istiod</h2><p>The <code>proxy-status</code> command can also be used to retrieve a diff between the configuration Envoy has loaded and the
configuration Istiod would send, by providing a proxy ID. This can help you determine exactly what is out of sync and
where the issue may lie.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=json data-repo=istio>$ istioctl proxy-status details-v1-6dcc6fbb9d-wsjz4.default
--- Istiod Clusters
+++ Envoy Clusters
@@ -374,36 +374,14 @@
&#34;edsClusterConfig&#34;: {
&#34;edsConfig&#34;: {
&#34;ads&#34;: {
}
},
&#34;serviceName&#34;: &#34;outbound|443||public-cr0bdc785ce3f14722918080a97e1f26be-alb1.kube-system.svc.cluster.local&#34;
- },
- &#34;connectTimeout&#34;: &#34;1.000s&#34;,
- &#34;circuitBreakers&#34;: {
- &#34;thresholds&#34;: [
- {
-
- }
- ]
- }
- }
- },
- {
- &#34;cluster&#34;: {
- &#34;name&#34;: &#34;outbound|53||kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local&#34;,
- &#34;type&#34;: &#34;EDS&#34;,
- &#34;edsClusterConfig&#34;: {
- &#34;edsConfig&#34;: {
- &#34;ads&#34;: {
-
- }
- },
- &#34;serviceName&#34;: &#34;outbound|53||kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local&#34;
},
&#34;connectTimeout&#34;: &#34;1.000s&#34;,
&#34;circuitBreakers&#34;: {
&#34;thresholds&#34;: [
{
}
Listeners Match
Routes Match (RDS last loaded at Tue, 04 Aug 2020 11:52:54 IST)
</code></pre><p>Here you can see that the listeners and routes match but the clusters are out of sync.</p><h2 id=deep-dive-into-envoy-configuration>Deep dive into Envoy configuration</h2><p>The <code>proxy-config</code> command can be used to see how a given Envoy instance is configured. This can then be used to
pinpoint any issues you are unable to detect by just looking through your Istio configuration and custom resources.
To get a basic summary of clusters, listeners or routes for a given pod use the command as follows (changing clusters
for listeners or routes when required):</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl proxy-config cluster -n istio-system istio-ingressgateway-7d6874b48f-qxhn5
SERVICE FQDN PORT SUBSET DIRECTION TYPE DESTINATION RULE
BlackHoleCluster - - - STATIC
agent - - - STATIC
details.default.svc.cluster.local 9080 - outbound EDS details.default
istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 80 - outbound EDS
istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 443 - outbound EDS
istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 15021 - outbound EDS
istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 15443 - outbound EDS
istiod.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 443 - outbound EDS
istiod.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 853 - outbound EDS
istiod.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 15010 - outbound EDS
istiod.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 15012 - outbound EDS
istiod.istio-system.svc.cluster.local 15014 - outbound EDS
kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local 53 - outbound EDS
kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local 9153 - outbound EDS
kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local 443 - outbound EDS
...
productpage.default.svc.cluster.local 9080 - outbound EDS
prometheus_stats - - - STATIC
ratings.default.svc.cluster.local 9080 - outbound EDS
reviews.default.svc.cluster.local 9080 - outbound EDS
sds-grpc - - - STATIC
xds-grpc - - - STRICT_DNS
zipkin - - - STRICT_DNS
</code></pre><p>In order to debug Envoy you need to understand Envoy clusters/listeners/routes/endpoints and how they all interact.
We will use the <code>proxy-config</code> command with the <code>-o json</code> and filtering flags to follow Envoy as it determines where
to send a request from the <code>productpage</code> pod to the <code>reviews</code> pod at <code>reviews:9080</code>.</p><ol><li><p>If you query the listener summary on a pod you will notice Istio generates the following listeners:</p><ul><li>A listener on <code>0.0.0.0:15006</code> that receives all inbound traffic to the pod and a listener on <code>0.0.0.0:15001</code> that receives all outbound traffic to the pod, then hands the request over to a virtual listener.</li><li>A virtual listener per service IP, per each non-HTTP for outbound TCP/HTTPS traffic.</li><li>A virtual listener on the pod IP for each exposed port for inbound traffic.</li><li>A virtual listener on <code>0.0.0.0</code> per each HTTP port for outbound HTTP traffic.</li></ul><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl proxy-config listeners productpage-v1-6c886ff494-7vxhs
ADDRESS PORT MATCH DESTINATION
10.96.0.10 53 ALL Cluster: outbound|53||kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
0.0.0.0 80 App: HTTP Route: 80
0.0.0.0 80 ALL PassthroughCluster
10.100.93.102 443 ALL Cluster: outbound|443||istiod.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
10.111.121.13 443 ALL Cluster: outbound|443||istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
10.96.0.1 443 ALL Cluster: outbound|443||kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
10.100.93.102 853 App: HTTP Route: istiod.istio-system.svc.cluster.local:853
10.100.93.102 853 ALL Cluster: outbound|853||istiod.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
0.0.0.0 9080 App: HTTP Route: 9080
0.0.0.0 9080 ALL PassthroughCluster
0.0.0.0 9090 App: HTTP Route: 9090
0.0.0.0 9090 ALL PassthroughCluster
10.96.0.10 9153 App: HTTP Route: kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local:9153
10.96.0.10 9153 ALL Cluster: outbound|9153||kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
0.0.0.0 15001 ALL PassthroughCluster
0.0.0.0 15006 Addr: 10.244.0.22/32:15021 inbound|15021|mgmt-15021|mgmtCluster
0.0.0.0 15006 Addr: 10.244.0.22/32:9080 Inline Route: /*
0.0.0.0 15006 Trans: tls; App: HTTP TLS; Addr: 0.0.0.0/0 Inline Route: /*
0.0.0.0 15006 App: HTTP; Addr: 0.0.0.0/0 Inline Route: /*
0.0.0.0 15006 App: Istio HTTP Plain; Addr: 10.244.0.22/32:9080 Inline Route: /*
0.0.0.0 15006 Addr: 0.0.0.0/0 InboundPassthroughClusterIpv4
0.0.0.0 15006 Trans: tls; App: TCP TLS; Addr: 0.0.0.0/0 InboundPassthroughClusterIpv4
0.0.0.0 15010 App: HTTP Route: 15010
0.0.0.0 15010 ALL PassthroughCluster
10.100.93.102 15012 ALL Cluster: outbound|15012||istiod.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
0.0.0.0 15014 App: HTTP Route: 15014
0.0.0.0 15014 ALL PassthroughCluster
0.0.0.0 15021 ALL Inline Route: /healthz/ready*
10.111.121.13 15021 App: HTTP Route: istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local:15021
10.111.121.13 15021 ALL Cluster: outbound|15021||istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
0.0.0.0 15090 ALL Inline Route: /stats/prometheus*
10.111.121.13 15443 ALL Cluster: outbound|15443||istio-ingressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
</code></pre></li><li><p>From the above summary you can see that every sidecar has a listener bound to <code>0.0.0.0:15006</code> which is where IP tables routes all inbound pod traffic to and a listener bound to <code>0.0.0.0:15001</code> which is where IP tables routes all outbound pod traffic to. The <code>0.0.0.0:15001</code> listener hands the request over to the virtual listener that best matches the original destination of the request, if it can find a matching one. Otherwise, it sends the request to the <code>PassthroughCluster</code> which connects to the destination directly.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=json data-repo=istio>$ istioctl proxy-config listeners productpage-v1-6c886ff494-7vxhs --port 15001 -o json
[
{
&#34;name&#34;: &#34;virtualOutbound&#34;,
&#34;address&#34;: {
&#34;socketAddress&#34;: {
&#34;address&#34;: &#34;0.0.0.0&#34;,
&#34;portValue&#34;: 15001
}
},
&#34;filterChains&#34;: [
{
&#34;filters&#34;: [
{
&#34;name&#34;: &#34;istio.stats&#34;,
&#34;typedConfig&#34;: {
&#34;@type&#34;: &#34;type.googleapis.com/udpa.type.v1.TypedStruct&#34;,
&#34;typeUrl&#34;: &#34;type.googleapis.com/envoy.extensions.filters.network.wasm.v3.Wasm&#34;,
&#34;value&#34;: {
&#34;config&#34;: {
&#34;configuration&#34;: &#34;{\n \&#34;debug\&#34;: \&#34;false\&#34;,\n \&#34;stat_prefix\&#34;: \&#34;istio\&#34;\n}\n&#34;,
&#34;root_id&#34;: &#34;stats_outbound&#34;,
&#34;vm_config&#34;: {
&#34;code&#34;: {
&#34;local&#34;: {
&#34;inline_string&#34;: &#34;envoy.wasm.stats&#34;
}
},
&#34;runtime&#34;: &#34;envoy.wasm.runtime.null&#34;,
&#34;vm_id&#34;: &#34;tcp_stats_outbound&#34;
}
}
}
}
},
{
&#34;name&#34;: &#34;envoy.tcp_proxy&#34;,
&#34;typedConfig&#34;: {
&#34;@type&#34;: &#34;type.googleapis.com/envoy.config.filter.network.tcp_proxy.v2.TcpProxy&#34;,
&#34;statPrefix&#34;: &#34;PassthroughCluster&#34;,
&#34;cluster&#34;: &#34;PassthroughCluster&#34;
}
}
],
&#34;name&#34;: &#34;virtualOutbound-catchall-tcp&#34;
}
],
&#34;trafficDirection&#34;: &#34;OUTBOUND&#34;,
&#34;hiddenEnvoyDeprecatedUseOriginalDst&#34;: true
}
]
</code></pre></li><li><p>Our request is an outbound HTTP request to port <code>9080</code> this means it gets handed off to the <code>0.0.0.0:9080</code> virtual
listener. This listener then looks up the route configuration in its configured RDS. In this case it will be looking
up route <code>9080</code> in RDS configured by Istiod (via ADS).</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=json data-repo=istio>$ istioctl proxy-config listeners productpage-v1-6c886ff494-7vxhs -o json --address 0.0.0.0 --port 9080
...
&#34;rds&#34;: {
&#34;configSource&#34;: {
&#34;ads&#34;: {},
&#34;resourceApiVersion&#34;: &#34;V3&#34;
},
&#34;routeConfigName&#34;: &#34;9080&#34;
}
...
</code></pre></li><li><p>The <code>9080</code> route configuration only has a virtual host for each service. Our request is heading to the reviews
service so Envoy will select the virtual host to which our request matches a domain. Once matched on domain Envoy
looks for the first route that matches the request. In this case we don&rsquo;t have any advanced routing so there is only
one route that matches on everything. This route tells Envoy to send the request to the
<code>outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local</code> cluster.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=json data-repo=istio>$ istioctl proxy-config routes productpage-v1-6c886ff494-7vxhs --name 9080 -o json
[
{
&#34;name&#34;: &#34;9080&#34;,
&#34;virtualHosts&#34;: [
{
&#34;name&#34;: &#34;reviews.default.svc.cluster.local:9080&#34;,
&#34;domains&#34;: [
&#34;reviews.default.svc.cluster.local&#34;,
&#34;reviews.default.svc.cluster.local:9080&#34;,
&#34;reviews&#34;,
&#34;reviews:9080&#34;,
&#34;reviews.default.svc.cluster&#34;,
&#34;reviews.default.svc.cluster:9080&#34;,
&#34;reviews.default.svc&#34;,
&#34;reviews.default.svc:9080&#34;,
&#34;reviews.default&#34;,
&#34;reviews.default:9080&#34;,
&#34;10.98.88.0&#34;,
&#34;10.98.88.0:9080&#34;
],
&#34;routes&#34;: [
{
&#34;name&#34;: &#34;default&#34;,
&#34;match&#34;: {
&#34;prefix&#34;: &#34;/&#34;
},
&#34;route&#34;: {
&#34;cluster&#34;: &#34;outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local&#34;,
&#34;timeout&#34;: &#34;0s&#34;,
}
}
]
...
</code></pre></li><li><p>This cluster is configured to retrieve the associated endpoints from Istiod (via ADS). So Envoy will then use the
<code>serviceName</code> field as a key to look up the list of Endpoints and proxy the request to one of them.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=json data-repo=istio>$ istioctl proxy-config cluster productpage-v1-6c886ff494-7vxhs --fqdn reviews.default.svc.cluster.local -o json
[
{
&#34;name&#34;: &#34;outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local&#34;,
&#34;type&#34;: &#34;EDS&#34;,
&#34;edsClusterConfig&#34;: {
&#34;edsConfig&#34;: {
&#34;ads&#34;: {},
&#34;resourceApiVersion&#34;: &#34;V3&#34;
},
&#34;serviceName&#34;: &#34;outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local&#34;
},
&#34;connectTimeout&#34;: &#34;10s&#34;,
&#34;circuitBreakers&#34;: {
&#34;thresholds&#34;: [
{
&#34;maxConnections&#34;: 4294967295,
&#34;maxPendingRequests&#34;: 4294967295,
&#34;maxRequests&#34;: 4294967295,
&#34;maxRetries&#34;: 4294967295
}
]
},
}
]
</code></pre></li><li><p>To see the endpoints currently available for this cluster use the <code>proxy-config</code> endpoints command.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=json data-repo=istio>$ istioctl proxy-config endpoints productpage-v1-6c886ff494-7vxhs --cluster &#34;outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local&#34;
ENDPOINT STATUS OUTLIER CHECK CLUSTER
172.17.0.7:9080 HEALTHY OK outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local
172.17.0.8:9080 HEALTHY OK outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local
172.17.0.9:9080 HEALTHY OK outbound|9080||reviews.default.svc.cluster.local
</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=inspecting-bootstrap-configuration>Inspecting bootstrap configuration</h2><p>So far we have looked at configuration retrieved (mostly) from Istiod, however Envoy requires some bootstrap configuration that
includes information like where Istiod can be found. To view this use the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-outputis=json data-repo=istio>$ istioctl proxy-config bootstrap -n istio-system istio-ingressgateway-7d6874b48f-qxhn5
{
&#34;bootstrap&#34;: {
&#34;node&#34;: {
&#34;id&#34;: &#34;router~172.30.86.14~istio-ingressgateway-7d6874b48f-qxhn5.istio-system~istio-system.svc.cluster.local&#34;,
&#34;cluster&#34;: &#34;istio-ingressgateway&#34;,
&#34;metadata&#34;: {
&#34;CLUSTER_ID&#34;: &#34;Kubernetes&#34;,
&#34;EXCHANGE_KEYS&#34;: &#34;NAME,NAMESPACE,INSTANCE_IPS,LABELS,OWNER,PLATFORM_METADATA,WORKLOAD_NAME,MESH_ID,SERVICE_ACCOUNT,CLUSTER_ID&#34;,
&#34;INSTANCE_IPS&#34;: &#34;10.244.0.7&#34;,
&#34;ISTIO_PROXY_SHA&#34;: &#34;istio-proxy:f98b7e538920abc408fbc91c22a3b32bc854d9dc&#34;,
&#34;ISTIO_VERSION&#34;: &#34;1.7.0&#34;,
&#34;LABELS&#34;: {
&#34;app&#34;: &#34;istio-ingressgateway&#34;,
&#34;chart&#34;: &#34;gateways&#34;,
&#34;heritage&#34;: &#34;Tiller&#34;,
&#34;istio&#34;: &#34;ingressgateway&#34;,
&#34;pod-template-hash&#34;: &#34;68bf7d7f94&#34;,
&#34;release&#34;: &#34;istio&#34;,
&#34;service.istio.io/canonical-name&#34;: &#34;istio-ingressgateway&#34;,
&#34;service.istio.io/canonical-revision&#34;: &#34;latest&#34;
},
&#34;MESH_ID&#34;: &#34;cluster.local&#34;,
&#34;NAME&#34;: &#34;istio-ingressgateway-68bf7d7f94-sp226&#34;,
&#34;NAMESPACE&#34;: &#34;istio-system&#34;,
&#34;OWNER&#34;: &#34;kubernetes://apis/apps/v1/namespaces/istio-system/deployments/istio-ingressgateway&#34;,
&#34;ROUTER_MODE&#34;: &#34;sni-dnat&#34;,
&#34;SDS&#34;: &#34;true&#34;,
&#34;SERVICE_ACCOUNT&#34;: &#34;istio-ingressgateway-service-account&#34;,
&#34;WORKLOAD_NAME&#34;: &#34;istio-ingressgateway&#34;
},
&#34;userAgentBuildVersion&#34;: {
&#34;version&#34;: {
&#34;majorNumber&#34;: 1,
&#34;minorNumber&#34;: 15
},
&#34;metadata&#34;: {
&#34;build.type&#34;: &#34;RELEASE&#34;,
&#34;revision.sha&#34;: &#34;f98b7e538920abc408fbc91c22a3b32bc854d9dc&#34;,
&#34;revision.status&#34;: &#34;Clean&#34;,
&#34;ssl.version&#34;: &#34;BoringSSL&#34;
}
},
},
...
</code></pre><h2 id=verifying-connectivity-to-istiod>Verifying connectivity to Istiod</h2><p>Verifying connectivity to Istiod is a useful troubleshooting step. Every proxy container in the service mesh should be able to communicate with Istiod. This can be accomplished in a few simple steps:</p><ol><li><p>Create a <code>sleep</code> pod:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create namespace foo
$ kubectl apply -f &lt;(istioctl kube-inject -f samples/sleep/sleep.yaml) -n foo
</code></pre></li><li><p>Test connectivity to Istiod using <code>curl</code>. The following example invokes the v1 registration API using default Istiod configuration parameters and mutual TLS enabled:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec $(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -n foo -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name}) -c sleep -n foo -- curl -sS istiod.istio-system:15014/debug/endpointz
</code></pre></li></ol><p>You should receive a response listing the &ldquo;service&rdquo; and &ldquo;endpoint&rdquo; for each service in the mesh.</p><h2 id=what-envoy-version-is-istio-using>What Envoy version is Istio using?</h2><p>To find out the Envoy version used in deployment, you can <code>exec</code> into the container and query the <code>server_info</code> endpoint:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl exec -it prometheus-68b46fc8bb-dc965 -c istio-proxy -n istio-system pilot-agent request GET server_info
{
&#34;version&#34;: &#34;f98b7e538920abc408fbc91c22a3b32bc854d9dc/1.15.0/Clean/RELEASE/BoringSSL&#34;
}
</code></pre><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.7/blog/2020/mosn-proxy/>Using MOSN with Istio: an alternative data plane</a></p><p class=desc>An alternative sidecar proxy for Istio.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.7/docs/setup/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></p><p class=desc>Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.7/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/>Mixer Configuration Model (Deprecated)</a></p><p class=desc>Describes the configuration model for Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.7/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></p><p class=desc>Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.7/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></p><p class=desc>Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></div><div class=right><a title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.7/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
<button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',0)">No</button></div><div id=feedback-comment>Do you have any suggestions for improvement?<br><br><input id=feedback-textbox type=text placeholder="Help us improve..." data-lang=en></div><div id=feedback-thankyou>Thanks for your feedback!</div></div><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label="Get an overview of your mesh"><a href=#get-an-overview-of-your-mesh>Get an overview of your mesh</a><li role=none aria-label="Retrieve diffs between Envoy and Istiod"><a href=#retrieve-diffs-between-envoy-and-istiod>Retrieve diffs between Envoy and Istiod</a><li role=none aria-label="Deep dive into Envoy configuration"><a href=#deep-dive-into-envoy-configuration>Deep dive into Envoy configuration</a><li role=none aria-label="Inspecting bootstrap configuration"><a href=#inspecting-bootstrap-configuration>Inspecting bootstrap configuration</a><li role=none aria-label="Verifying connectivity to Istiod"><a href=#verifying-connectivity-to-istiod>Verifying connectivity to Istiod</a><li role=none aria-label="What Envoy version is Istio using?"><a href=#what-envoy-version-is-istio-using>What Envoy version is Istio using?</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.7.4 now" href=/v1.7/docs/setup/getting-started/#download aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.7/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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