mirror of https://github.com/istio/istio.io.git
8075 lines
126 KiB
HTML
8075 lines
126 KiB
HTML
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="title" content="Mesh Expansion">
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<meta name="description" content="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes.">
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<meta name="og:title" content="Mesh Expansion">
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<meta name="og:description" content="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes.">
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<title>Istioldie 0.8 / Mesh Expansion</title>
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<h6 class="dropdown-header">Other versions of this site</h6>
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<a href="https://istio.io" class="dropdown-item">Current Release</a>
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<div class="card">
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<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header7">
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<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse7" title="Concepts help you learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." role="button" aria-controls="collapse7">
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<div>
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Concepts
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</a>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/">What is Istio? </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio, including the problems it solves and its high-level architecture." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/overview/">Overview</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes the core principles that Istio's design adheres to." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/goals/">Design Goals</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/">Traffic Management </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview/">Overview</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot/">Pilot</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing/">Request Routing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing/">Discovery & Load Balancing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures/">Handling Failures</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection/">Fault Injection</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Provides a high-level overview of the configuration model used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration/">Rules Configuration</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/">Security </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Describes Istio's authentication policy" href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/authn-policy/">Authentication Policy</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes Istio's mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls/">Mutual TLS Authentication</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/rbac/">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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<a title="Introduces the policy control snd telemetry collection mechanisms." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/">Policies and Telemetry </a>
|
|
</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
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<a title="Describes the design of the policy and telemetry mechanisms." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/overview/">Overview</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry collection features." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/config/">Configuration</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
|
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</div>
|
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header22">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse22" title="Setup contains instructions for installing the Istio control plane in various environments (e.g., Kubernetes, Consul, etc.), as well as instructions for installing the sidecar in the application deployment." role="button" aria-controls="collapse22">
|
|
<div>
|
|
Setup
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="collapse22" class="collapse show" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header22">
|
|
<div class="card-body">
|
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<ul class="tree">
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<li class="sublist">
|
|
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|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-down'></i>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding VMs into the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/">Kubernetes </a>
|
|
</label>
|
|
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<ul class="tree">
|
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|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Quick start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh in a Kubernetes cluster." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start/">Quick Start</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service using Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)" href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start-gke-dm/">Quick Start with Google Kubernetes Engine</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Install Istio with the included Helm chart." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm-install/">Installation with Helm</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Install Istio with the included Ansible playbook." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install/">Installation with Ansible</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
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<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection/">Installing the Istio Sidecar</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<span class="current" title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes.">Mesh Expansion</span>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Install Istio with multicluster support." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/multicluster-install/">Istio Multicluster</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This guide demonstrates how to upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrading-istio/">Upgrading Istio</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/">Nomad & Consul </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/">Quick Start on Docker</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/install/">Installation</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
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|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Eureka based environment." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/eureka/">Eureka </a>
|
|
</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/eureka/quick-start/">Quick Start on Docker</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/eureka/install/">Installation</a>
|
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|
|
</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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|
<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header37">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse37" title="Tasks show you how to do a single specific targeted activity with the Istio system." role="button" aria-controls="collapse37">
|
|
<div>
|
|
Tasks
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="collapse37" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header37">
|
|
<div class="card-body">
|
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<ul class="tree">
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<li class="sublist">
|
|
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|
|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/">Traffic Management </a>
|
|
</label>
|
|
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|
<ul class="tree collapse">
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/">Configuring Request Routing</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/">Fault Injection</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
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<a title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/">Traffic Shifting</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/">Setting Request Timeouts</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/">Control Ingress Traffic</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh, over TLS or Mutual TLS." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/">Securing Gateways with HTTPS</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/">Control Egress Traffic</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tls-origination/">TLS Origination for Egress Traffic</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway service" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-gateway/">Configure an Egress Gateway</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/">Circuit Breaking</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task demonstrates the traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities of Istio" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/">Mirroring</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/">Security </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/">Basic Authentication Policy</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/">Testing Mutual TLS</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control/">Basic Access Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="Shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control/">Secure Access Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
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<a title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control/">Role-Based Access Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/">Plugging in external CA key and certificate</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/health-check/">Citadel health checking</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/">Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
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|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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|
<a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/">Policies </a>
|
|
</label>
|
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|
<ul class="tree collapse">
|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/">Enabling Rate Limits</a>
|
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
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|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
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|
|
<a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/">Telemetry </a>
|
|
</label>
|
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|
<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/">Distributed Tracing</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs/">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a>
|
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|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics/">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics/">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard/">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph/">Generating a Service Graph</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd/">Logging with Fluentd</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header48">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse48" title="Guides include a variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." role="button" aria-controls="collapse48">
|
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<div>
|
|
Guides
|
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</div>
|
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</a>
|
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</div>
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<div id="collapse48" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header48">
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<div class="card-body">
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<ul class="tree">
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<li>
|
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<a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/bookinfo/">Bookinfo Sample Application</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
<a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/intelligent-routing/">Intelligent Routing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/telemetry/">In-Depth Telemetry</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/endpoints/">Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/integrating-vms/">Integrating Virtual Machines</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header77">
|
|
<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse77" title="Introduces Performance and Scalability methodology, results and best practices for Istio components." role="button" aria-controls="collapse77">
|
|
<div>
|
|
Performance and Scalability
|
|
</div>
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div id="collapse77" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header77">
|
|
<div class="card-body">
|
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<ul class="tree">
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio's Performance and Scalability" href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/overview/">Overview</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Performance measurement through code level micro-benchmarks." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/microbenchmarks/">Micro Benchmarks</a>
|
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|
</li>
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="The different scenarios we are tracking for performance and scalability." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/scenarios/">Testing scenarios</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Fortio is our simple synthetic http and grpc benchmarking tool." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/synthetic-benchmarks/">Synthetic End to End benchmarks</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Performance measurement through realistic micro service application tests." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/realistic-app-benchmark/">Realistic Application Benchmark</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="How we ensure performance is tracked and improves or does not regress across releases." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/performance-testing-automation/">Automation</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
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<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Setup of Istio components to scale horizontally. High availability. Sizing guide." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/scalability/">Scalability and Sizing Guide</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="card">
|
|
<div class="card-header" role="tab" id="header85">
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<a data-toggle="collapse" href="#collapse85" title="The Reference section contains detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." role="button" aria-controls="collapse85">
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<div>
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Reference
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</a>
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<div id="collapse85" class="collapse" data-parent="#sidebar" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="header85">
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/">Configuration </a>
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/">Policies and Telemetry </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/">Attribute Vocabulary</a>
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<li>
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<a title="Mixer config expression language reference." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/">Expression Language</a>
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/">Adapters </a>
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</label>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/">Circonus</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/">CloudWatch</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/">Datadog</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/">Denier</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/">Fluentd</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/">Kubernetes Env</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/">List</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/">Memory quota</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/">OPA</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/">Prometheus</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that exposes Istio's Role-Based Access Control model." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/rbac/">RBAC</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/">Redis Quota</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/servicecontrol/">Service Control</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/">SolarWinds</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/">Stackdriver</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/">StatsD</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Adapter for outputting logs and metrics locally." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/">Stdio</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/">Default Metrics</a>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
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<label class='tree-toggle'>
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<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
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<a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/">Templates </a>
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</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a single API key." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/">API Key</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template used to represent an access control query." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/">Authorization</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/">Check Nothing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/">Kubernetes</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/">List Entry</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/">Log Entry</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/">Metric</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that represents a quota allocation request" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/">Quota</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/">Report Nothing</a>
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</li>
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<li>
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<a title="A template used by the Google Service Control adapter." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/servicecontrolreport/">Service Control Report</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
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|
<a title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/">Rules</a>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/">RBAC</a>
|
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</li>
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.routing.v1alpha1/">Route Rules v1alpha1 (deprecated)</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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<li>
|
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|
|
<a title="Configuration affecting traffic routing" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/istio.networking.v1alpha3/">Route Rules v1alpha3</a>
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|
</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li class="sublist">
|
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|
|
<label class='tree-toggle'>
|
|
|
|
<i class='fa fa-lg fa-caret-right'></i>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/">Commands </a>
|
|
</label>
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<ul class="tree collapse">
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/">istio_ca</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio control interface" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/">istioctl</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer&#39;s API." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/mixc/">mixc</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Mixer is Istio&#39;s abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/mixs/">mixs</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio security per-node agent" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/">node_agent</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio Pilot agent" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/">pilot-agent</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Istio Pilot" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/">pilot-discovery</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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|
|
<li>
|
|
|
|
<a title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/">sidecar-injector</a>
|
|
|
|
</li>
|
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</ul>
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</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
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</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
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|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-8">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p class="d-md-none">
|
|
<label class="sidebar-toggler" data-toggle="offcanvas">
|
|
<i class="fa fa-sign-out-alt"></i>
|
|
</label>
|
|
</p>
|
|
|
|
<main aria-labelledby="title">
|
|
<h1 id="title">Mesh Expansion</h1>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav class="toc-inlined d-xl-none d-print-none" >
|
|
<div class="directory" role="directory">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<nav id="InlinedTableOfContents">
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#installation-steps">Installation steps</a>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li><a href="#preparing-the-kubernetes-cluster-for-expansion">Preparing the Kubernetes cluster for expansion</a></li>
|
|
<li><a href="#setting-up-the-machines">Setting up the machines</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li><a href="#running-services-on-a-mesh-expansion-machine">Running services on a mesh expansion machine</a></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
</nav>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh
|
|
deployed on Kubernetes.</p>
|
|
<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Setup Istio on Kubernetes by following the instructions in the <a href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start/">Installation guide</a>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The machine must have IP connectivity to the endpoints in the mesh. This
|
|
typically requires a VPC or a VPN, as well as a container network that
|
|
provides direct (without NAT or firewall deny) routing to the endpoints. The machine
|
|
is not required to have access to the cluster IP addresses assigned by Kubernetes.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>The Istio control plane services (Pilot, Mixer, Citadel) and Kubernetes DNS server must be accessible
|
|
from the VMs. This is typically done using an <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#internal-load-balancer">Internal Load
|
|
Balancer</a>.
|
|
You can also use NodePort, run Istio components on VMs, or use custom network configurations,
|
|
separate documents will cover these advanced configurations.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h2 id="installation-steps">Installation steps</h2>
|
|
<p>Setup consists of preparing the mesh for expansion and installing and configuring each VM.</p>
|
|
<p>An example script to help with Kubernetes setup is available as part of the release bundle and in
|
|
<a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-0.8/install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh">install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh</a>. Check the script content and environment variables supported (like GCP_OPTS).</p>
|
|
<p>An example script to help configure a machine is available as part of the release bundle and in <a href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-0.8/install/tools/setupIstioVM.sh">install/tools/setupIstioVM.sh</a>.
|
|
You should customize it based on your provisioning tools and DNS requirements.</p>
|
|
<h3 id="preparing-the-kubernetes-cluster-for-expansion">Preparing the Kubernetes cluster for expansion</h3>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Setup Internal Load Balancers (ILBs) for Kube DNS, Pilot, Mixer and Citadel. This step is specific to
|
|
each cloud provider, so you may need to edit annotations. You can use an ILB based on Keepalived at
|
|
<a href="https://github.com/gyliu513/work/tree/master/k8s/charts/keepalived">here</a> for demo or test in case where
|
|
the cloud provider or private cloud (for example IBM Cloud Private) doesn't have load balancer service
|
|
support out of box.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ kubectl apply -f @install/kubernetes/mesh-expansion.yaml@
|
|
</code></pre></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Generate the Istio <code>cluster.env</code> configuration to be deployed in the VMs. This file contains
|
|
the cluster IP address ranges to intercept.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ export GCP_OPTS="--zone MY_ZONE --project MY_PROJECT"
|
|
$ @install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh@ generateClusterEnv MY_CLUSTER_NAME
|
|
</code></pre><p>Here's an example generated file</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ cat cluster.env
|
|
ISTIO_SERVICE_CIDR=10.63.240.0/20
|
|
</code></pre></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Generate DNS configuration file to be used in the VMs. This will allow apps on the VM to resolve
|
|
cluster service names, which will be intercepted by the sidecar and forwarded.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ @install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh@ generateDnsmasq
|
|
</code></pre><p>Here's an example generated file</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ cat kubedns
|
|
server=/svc.cluster.local/10.150.0.7
|
|
address=/istio-mixer/10.150.0.8
|
|
address=/istio-pilot/10.150.0.6
|
|
address=/istio-citadel/10.150.0.9
|
|
address=/istio-mixer.istio-system/10.150.0.8
|
|
address=/istio-pilot.istio-system/10.150.0.6
|
|
address=/istio-citadel.istio-system/10.150.0.9
|
|
</code></pre></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<h3 id="setting-up-the-machines">Setting up the machines</h3>
|
|
<p>As an example, you can use the following “all inclusive” script to copy
|
|
and install the setup:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ export GCP_OPTS="--zone MY_ZONE --project MY_PROJECT"
|
|
$ export SERVICE_NAMESPACE=vm
|
|
</code></pre><p>If you are running on a GCE VM, run</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ @install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh@ gceMachineSetup VM_NAME
|
|
</code></pre><p>Otherwise, run</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ @install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh@ machineSetup VM_NAME
|
|
</code></pre><p>GCE provides better user experience since node agent can always relies on
|
|
GCE metadata instance document to authenticate to Citadel. For everything
|
|
else, e.g., on-prem or raw VM, we have to bootstrap a key/cert as credential,
|
|
which typically has a limited lifetime. And when the cert expires, you have to
|
|
rerun the above command.</p>
|
|
<p>Or the equivalent manual steps:</p>
|
|
<p>—— Manual setup steps begin ——</p>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Copy the configuration files and Istio Debian files to each machine joining the cluster.
|
|
Save the files as <code>/etc/dnsmasq.d/kubedns</code> and <code>/var/lib/istio/envoy/cluster.env</code>.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Configure and verify DNS settings. This may require installing <code>dnsmasq</code> and either
|
|
adding it to <code>/etc/resolv.conf</code> directly or via DHCP scripts. To verify, check that the VM can resolve
|
|
names and connect to pilot, for example:</p>
|
|
<p>On the VM/external host:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ host istio-pilot.istio-system
|
|
</code></pre><p>Example generated message:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-plain" data-lang="plain">$ istio-pilot.istio-system has address 10.150.0.6
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>Check that you can resolve cluster IPs. The actual address will depend on your deployment.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ host istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local.
|
|
</code></pre><p>Example generated message:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-plain" data-lang="plain">istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local has address 10.63.247.248
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>Check istio-ingress similarly:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ host istio-ingress.istio-system.svc.cluster.local.
|
|
</code></pre><p>Example generated message:</p>
|
|
<div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-plain" data-lang="plain">istio-ingress.istio-system.svc.cluster.local has address 10.63.243.30
|
|
</code></pre></div></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Verify connectivity by checking whether the VM can connect to Pilot and to an endpoint.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ curl 'http://istio-pilot.istio-system:8080/v1/registration/istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local|http-discovery'
|
|
</code></pre><div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-json" data-lang="json">{
|
|
<span style="color:#f92672">"hosts"</span>: [
|
|
{
|
|
<span style="color:#f92672">"ip_address"</span>: <span style="color:#e6db74">"10.60.1.4"</span>,
|
|
<span style="color:#f92672">"port"</span>: <span style="color:#ae81ff">8080</span>
|
|
}
|
|
]
|
|
}
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>On the VM, use the address above. It will directly connect to the pod running istio-pilot.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ curl 'http://10.60.1.4:8080/v1/registration/istio-pilot.istio-system.svc.cluster.local|http-discovery'
|
|
</code></pre></li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Extract the initial Istio authentication secrets and copy them to the machine. The default
|
|
installation of Istio includes Citadel and will generate Istio secrets even if
|
|
the automatic ‘mTLS’
|
|
setting is disabled (it creates secret for each service account, and the secret
|
|
is named as <code>istio.<serviceaccount></code>). It is recommended that you perform this
|
|
step to make it easy to enable mTLS in the future and to upgrade to a future version
|
|
that will have mTLS enabled by default.</p>
|
|
<p><code>ACCOUNT</code> defaults to ‘default’, or <code>SERVICE_ACCOUNT</code> environment variable
|
|
<code>NAMESPACE</code> defaults to current namespace, or <code>SERVICE_NAMESPACE</code> environment variable
|
|
(this step is done by machineSetup)
|
|
On a Mac either <code>brew install base64</code> or <code>set BASE64_DECODE="/usr/bin/base64 -D"</code></p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ @install/tools/setupMeshEx.sh@ machineCerts ACCOUNT NAMESPACE
|
|
</code></pre><p>The generated files (<code>key.pem</code>, <code>root-cert.pem</code>, <code>cert-chain.pem</code>) must be copied to /etc/certs on each machine, readable by istio-proxy.</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Install Istio Debian files and start ‘istio’ and ‘istio-auth-node-agent’ services.
|
|
Get the debian packages from <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/releases">GitHub releases</a> or:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ source istio.VERSION # defines version and URLs env var
|
|
$ curl -L ${PILOT_DEBIAN_URL}/istio-sidecar.deb > istio-sidecar.deb
|
|
$ dpkg -i istio-sidecar.deb
|
|
$ systemctl start istio
|
|
$ systemctl start istio-auth-node-agent
|
|
</code></pre></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<p>—— Manual setup steps end ——</p>
|
|
<p>After setup, the machine should be able to access services running in the Kubernetes cluster
|
|
or other mesh expansion machines.</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ curl productpage.bookinfo.svc.cluster.local:9080
|
|
</code></pre><div class="highlight"><pre style="color:#f8f8f2;background-color:#272822;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-plain" data-lang="plain">... html content ...
|
|
</code></pre></div><p>Check that the processes are running:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ ps aux |grep istio
|
|
root 6941 0.0 0.2 75392 16820 ? Ssl 21:32 0:00 /usr/local/istio/bin/node_agent --logtostderr
|
|
root 6955 0.0 0.0 49344 3048 ? Ss 21:32 0:00 su -s /bin/bash -c INSTANCE_IP=10.150.0.5 POD_NAME=demo-vm-1 POD_NAMESPACE=default exec /usr/local/bin/pilot-agent proxy > /var/log/istio/istio.log istio-proxy
|
|
istio-p+ 7016 0.0 0.1 215172 12096 ? Ssl 21:32 0:00 /usr/local/bin/pilot-agent proxy
|
|
istio-p+ 7094 4.0 0.3 69540 24800 ? Sl 21:32 0:37 /usr/local/bin/envoy -c /etc/istio/proxy/envoy-rev1.json --restart-epoch 1 --drain-time-s 2 --parent-shutdown-time-s 3 --service-cluster istio-proxy --service-node sidecar~10.150.0.5~demo-vm-1.default~default.svc.cluster.local
|
|
</code></pre><p>Istio auth node agent is healthy:</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ sudo systemctl status istio-auth-node-agent
|
|
● istio-auth-node-agent.service - istio-auth-node-agent: The Istio auth node agent
|
|
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/istio-auth-node-agent.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
|
|
Active: active (running) since Fri 2017-10-13 21:32:29 UTC; 9s ago
|
|
Docs: https://istio.io/
|
|
Main PID: 6941 (node_agent)
|
|
Tasks: 5
|
|
Memory: 5.9M
|
|
CPU: 92ms
|
|
CGroup: /system.slice/istio-auth-node-agent.service
|
|
└─6941 /usr/local/istio/bin/node_agent --logtostderr
|
|
|
|
Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 systemd[1]: Started istio-auth-node-agent: The Istio auth node agent.
|
|
Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.469314 6941 main.go:66] Starting Node Agent
|
|
Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.469365 6941 nodeagent.go:96] Node Agent starts successfully.
|
|
Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.483324 6941 nodeagent.go:112] Sending CSR (retrial #0) ...
|
|
Oct 13 21:32:29 demo-vm-1 node_agent[6941]: I1013 21:32:29.862575 6941 nodeagent.go:128] CSR is approved successfully. Will renew cert in 29m59.137732603s
|
|
</code></pre><h2 id="running-services-on-a-mesh-expansion-machine">Running services on a mesh expansion machine</h2>
|
|
<ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>Configure the sidecar to intercept the port. This is configured in <code>/var/lib/istio/envoy/sidecar.env</code>,
|
|
using the ISTIO_INBOUND_PORTS environment variable.</p>
|
|
<p>Example (on the VM running the service):</p>
|
|
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ echo "ISTIO_INBOUND_PORTS=3306,8080" > /var/lib/istio/envoy/sidecar.env
|
|
$ systemctl restart istio
|
|
</code></pre></li>
|
|
</ul>
|
|
<pre><code>
|
|
* Manually configure a selector-less service and endpoints. The `selector-less` service is used for
|
|
services that are not backed by Kubernetes pods.
|
|
|
|
Example, on a machine with permissions to modify Kubernetes services:
|
|
|
|
```command
|
|
$ istioctl -n onprem register mysql 1.2.3.4 3306
|
|
$ istioctl -n onprem register svc1 1.2.3.4 http:7000
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
After the setup, Kubernetes pods and other mesh expansions should be able to access the
|
|
services running on the machine.
|
|
|
|
## What's next
|
|
|
|
* See the [Bookinfo Mesh Expansion](/docs/guides/integrating-vms/) guide.
|
|
</code></pre>
|
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<h2>Links</h2>
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<ol id="endnotes"></ol>
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<li><a href="#prerequisites">Prerequisites</a></li>
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<li><a href="#installation-steps">Installation steps</a>
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<ul>
|
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<li><a href="#preparing-the-kubernetes-cluster-for-expansion">Preparing the Kubernetes cluster for expansion</a></li>
|
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<li><a href="#setting-up-the-machines">Setting up the machines</a></li>
|
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</ul>
|
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</li>
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