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A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/general/>General</a></li><li><a title="Setup Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/setup/>Setup</a></li><li><a title="Security Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/security/>Security</a></li><li><a title="Mixer Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/mixer/>Mixer</a></li><li><a title="Telemetry Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/telemetry/>Telemetry</a></li><li><a title="Traffic Management Q & A." href=/v1.0/help/faq/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li></ul></li><li><span class=current title="A glossary of common Istio terms.">Glossary</span></li></ul></div></div></div></div></nav></div><div class="col-12 col-md-9 col-xl-10"><p class=d-md-none><label class=sidebar-toggler data-toggle=offcanvas><i class="fa fa-sign-out-alt"></i></label></p><main aria-labelledby=title><div class=pagenav><p><a href=/v1.0/help/ title="A bunch of resources to help you deploy, configure and use Istio."><i style=transform:scaleX(-1) class="fa fa-level-up-alt"></i>&nbsp;Need Help?</a></p></div><h1 id=title><img 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Glossary</h1><div class=glossary><div class="trampolines d-print-none"><a href=#A aria-label="Words starting with the letter A">A</a>
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<a href=#D aria-label="Words starting with the letter D">D</a>
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<a href=#E aria-label="Words starting with the letter E">E</a>
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<a href=#M aria-label="Words starting with the letter M">M</a>
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<a href=#P aria-label="Words starting with the letter P">P</a>
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<a href=#S aria-label="Words starting with the letter S">S</a>
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<a href=#T aria-label="Words starting with the letter T">T</a>
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<a href=#W aria-label="Words starting with the letter W">W</a></div><div class=entries><h4 id=A>A</h4><dl><dt id=adapters>Adapters</dt><dd aria-labelledby=adapters><p>Adapters are plug-ins to Mixer, Istio's <a href=/v1.0/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/>policy and telemetry</a> component, which enable it to interface
with an open-ended set of infrastructure backends that deliver core functionality, such as logging,
monitoring, quotas, ACL checking, and more.
The exact set of adapters used at runtime is determined through configuration and can easily be
extended to target new or custom infrastructure backends.</p><p><a href=/v1.0/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/#adapters>Learn more about adapters</a>.</p></dd><dt id=attribute>Attribute</dt><dd aria-labelledby=attribute><p>Attributes control the runtime behavior of services running in the mesh.
Attributes are named and typed pieces of metadata describing ingress and egress traffic and the
environment this traffic occurs in. An Istio attribute carries a specific piece
of information such as the error code of an API request, the latency of an API request, or the
original IP address of a TCP connection. For example:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml>request.path: xyz/abc
request.size: 234
request.time: 12:34:56.789 04/17/2017
source.ip: 192.168.0.1
destination.workload.name: example</code></pre><p>Attributes are used by Istio's <a href=/v1.0/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/>policy and telemetry</a> features.</p></dd></dl><h4 id=D>D</h4><dl><dt id=destination>Destination</dt><dd aria-labelledby=destination><p>The remote upstream service <a href=#envoy>Envoy</a> is talking to on behalf of a <a href=#source>source</a> <a href=#workload>workload</a>.
There can be one or more <a href=#service-version>service versions</a> for a given <a href=#service>service</a> and Envoy chooses the version based on
routing rules.</p></dd></dl><h4 id=E>E</h4><dl><dt id=envoy>Envoy</dt><dd aria-labelledby=envoy><p>The high-performance proxy that Istio uses to mediate inbound and outbound traffic for all <a href=#service>services</a> in the
<a href=#service-mesh>service mesh</a>. <a href=https://envoyproxy.github.io/envoy/>Learn more about Envoy</a>.</p></dd></dl><h4 id=M>M</h4><dl><dt id=micro-segmentation>Micro-Segmentation</dt><dd aria-labelledby=micro-segmentation><p>Micro-segmentation is a security technique that creates secure zones in cloud deployments and allows organizations to
isolate workloads from one another and secure them individually.</p></dd><dt id=mixer>Mixer</dt><dd aria-labelledby=mixer><p>The Istio component responsible for enforcing access control and usage policies across the <a href=#service-mesh>service mesh</a> and collecting telemetry data
from <a href=#envoy>Envoy</a> and other services.
<a href=/v1.0/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/>Learn more about Mixer</a>.</p></dd><dt id=mixer-handler>Mixer Handler</dt><dd aria-labelledby=mixer-handler><p>Handlers represent fully configured Mixer adapters. A single binary adapter can be used
with different configurations, each such configuration is known as a handler. At
runtime, Mixer routes <a href=#mixer-instance>instances</a> to one or more handlers.</p></dd><dt id=mixer-instance>Mixer Instance</dt><dd aria-labelledby=mixer-instance><p>An instance represents a chunk of Mixer data that is produced by inspecting a
a set of request <a href=#attribute>attributes</a> and applying the operator-supplied configuration.
Instances are delivered to individual <a href=#mixer-handler>handlers</a>, on their way to
infrastructure backends.</p></dd><dt id=mutual-tls-authentication>Mutual TLS Authentication</dt><dd aria-labelledby=mutual-tls-authentication><p>Mutual TLS provides strong service-to-service authentication with built-in identity and credential management.
<a href=/v1.0/docs/concepts/security/#mutual-tls-authentication>Learn more about mutual TLS authentication</a>.</p></dd></dl><h4 id=P>P</h4><dl><dt id=pilot>Pilot</dt><dd aria-labelledby=pilot><p>The Istio component that programs the <a href=#envoy>Envoy</a> proxies, responsible for service discovery, load balancing, and routing.</p></dd></dl><h4 id=S>S</h4><dl><dt id=secure-naming>Secure Naming</dt><dd aria-labelledby=secure-naming><p>Provides a mapping between a <a href=#service-name>service name</a> and the <a href=#workload-instance-principal>workload instance principals</a> that are authorized to
run the <a href=#workload-instance>workload instances</a> implementing a <a href=#service>service</a>.</p></dd><dt id=service>Service</dt><dd aria-labelledby=service><p>A delineated group of related behaviors within a <a href=#service-mesh>service mesh</a>. Services are identified using a
<a href=#service-name>service name</a>,
and Istio policies such as load balancing and routing are applied using these names.
A service is typically materialized by one or more <a href=#service-endpoint>service endpoints</a>, and may consist of multiple
<a href=#service-version>service versions</a>.</p></dd><dt id=service-consumer>Service Consumer</dt><dd aria-labelledby=service-consumer><p>The agent that is using a <a href=#service>service</a>.</p></dd><dt id=service-endpoint>Service Endpoint</dt><dd aria-labelledby=service-endpoint><p>The network-reachable manifestation of a <a href=#service>service</a>.
Service endpoints are exposed by <a href=#workload-instance>workload instances</a>.
Not all services have service endpoints.</p></dd><dt id=service-mesh>Service Mesh</dt><dd aria-labelledby=service-mesh><p>A shared set of names and identities that allows for common policy enforcement and telemetry collection.
<a href=#service-name>Service names</a> and <a href=#workload-instance-principal>workload instance principals</a> are unique within a service mesh.</p></dd><dt id=service-name>Service Name</dt><dd aria-labelledby=service-name><p>A unique name for a <a href=#service>service</a>, identifying it within the <a href=#service-mesh>service mesh</a>.
A service may not be renamed and maintain its identity, each service name is unique.
A service may have multiple <a href=#service-version>versions</a>, but a service name is version-independent.</p></dd><dt id=service-operator>Service Operator</dt><dd aria-labelledby=service-operator><p>The agent that manages a <a href=#service>service</a> within a <a href=#service-mesh>service mesh</a> by manipulating configuration state
and monitoring the service's health via a variety of dashboards.</p></dd><dt id=service-producer>Service Producer</dt><dd aria-labelledby=service-producer><p>The agent that creates a <a href=#service>service</a>.</p></dd><dt id=service-registry>Service Registry</dt><dd aria-labelledby=service-registry><p>Istio maintains an internal service registry containing the set of <a href=#service>services</a>,
and their corresponding <a href=#service-endpoint>service endpoints</a>, running in a service mesh.
Istio uses the service registry to generate <a href=#envoy>Envoy</a> configuration.</p><p>Istio does not provide <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_discovery>service discovery</a>,
although most services are automatically added to the registry by Pilot
adapters that reflect the discovered services of the underlying platform (k8s/consul/plain DNS).
Additional services can also be registered manually using a
<a href=/v1.0/docs/concepts/traffic-management/#service-entries><code>ServiceEntry</code></a> configuration.</p></dd><dt id=service-version>Service Version</dt><dd aria-labelledby=service-version><p>Distinct variants of a <a href=#service>service</a>, typically backed by a different versions of a <a href=#workload>workload</a> binary.
Common scenarios where multiple <a href=#service-version>service versions</a> may be used include A/B testing, canary rollouts, etc.
Each service has a default version.</p></dd><dt id=source>Source</dt><dd aria-labelledby=source><p>The downstream client of the <a href=#envoy>Envoy</a> proxy.
Within the <a href=#service-mesh>service mesh</a> a source is typically a
<a href=#workload>workload</a>, but the source for ingress traffic may include other clients such as a
browser or mobile app.</p></dd></dl><h4 id=T>T</h4><dl><dt id=tls-origination>TLS Origination</dt><dd aria-labelledby=tls-origination><p>TLS origination occurs when an Istio proxy (sidecar or egress gateway) is configured to accept unencrypted
internal HTTP connections, encrypt the requests, and then forward them to HTTPS servers that are secured
using simple or mutual TLS. This is the opposite of <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TLS_termination_proxy>TLS termination</a>
where an ingress proxy accepts incoming TLS connections, decrypts the TLS, and passes unencrypted
requests on to internal mesh services.</p></dd></dl><h4 id=W>W</h4><dl><dt id=workload>Workload</dt><dd aria-labelledby=workload><p>A binary deployed by operators to deliver some function in Istio. Workloads have names, namespaces, and unique ids. These properties are available in policy and telemetry configuration
using the following <a href=#attribute>attributes</a>:</p><ul><li><code>source.workload.name</code>, <code>source.workload.namespace</code>, <code>source.workload.uid</code></li><li><code>destination.workload.name</code>, <code>destination.workload.namespace</code>, <code>destination.workload.uid</code></li></ul><p>In Kubernetes, a workload typically corresponds to a Kubernetes deployment, while a workload instance corresponds to an individual pod managed
by the deployment.</p></dd><dt id=workload-instance>Workload Instance</dt><dd aria-labelledby=workload-instance><p>A single instantiation of a workload's binary.
A workload instance can expose zero or more <a href=#service-endpoint>service endpoints</a>,
and can consume zero or more <a href=#service>services</a>.</p><p>Workload instances have a number of properties:</p><ul><li>Name and namespace</li><li>Unique ID</li><li>IP Address</li><li>Labels</li><li>Principal</li></ul><p>These properties are available in policy and telemetry configuration
using the many <a href=/v1.0/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/><code>source.*</code> and <code>destination.*</code> attributes</a>.</p></dd><dt id=workload-instance-principal>Workload Instance Principal</dt><dd aria-labelledby=workload-instance-principal><p>The verifiable authority under which a <a href=#workload-instance>workload instance</a> runs.
Istio's service-to-service authentication is used to produce the workload principal.
By default workload principals are compliant with the SPIFFE ID format.</p><p>Workload instance principals are available in policy and telemetry configuration
using the <code>source.principal</code> and <code>destination.principal</code> <a href=#attribute>attributes</a>.</p></dd></dl></div></div></main><div class="d-none d-print-block" aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div></div></div><footer class="d-print-none container-fluid"><div class=row><div class="col-5 col-lg-4" role=navigation><div class=container-fluid><div class=row><div class=icon><span>discuss</span>
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