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<button id=search-close title=取消搜索 type=reset aria-label=取消搜索><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.23/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><article class=post itemscope itemtype=http://schema.org/BlogPosting><div class=header-content><h1>Istio 和 Envoy 的 WebAssembly 可扩展性：回顾一周年</h1><p>Istio 和 Envoy 的 WebAssembly 可扩展性的最新进展。</p></div><p class=post-author>Mar 5, 2021 <span>| </span>By Pengyuan Bian - Google</p><div><p>在一年前的今天，我们向 Istio 1.5 版本中引入了基于 WebAssembly 的可扩展性。</p><p>在过去的一年里，Istio、Envoy 和 Proxy-Wasm 社区继续共同努力，
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使 WebAssembly（Wasm）可扩展性更加稳定、可靠且易于采用。
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让我们通过 Istio 1.9 发布版对 Wasm 支持进行更新，并谈谈我们未来的计划。</p><h2 id=webassembly-support-merged-in-upstream-envoy>WebAssembly 支持已合并到上游 Envoy</h2><p>在将 Wasm 和 WebAssembly for Proxies（Proxy-Wasm）ABI
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的实验性支持添加到 Istio 对 Envoy 的分支后，我们从早期用户收集了一些很好的反馈。
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这些反馈与开发核心 Istio Wasm 扩展所获得的经验相结合，
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帮助 WebAssembly 在运行时变的更加成熟和稳定。
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这些改进解决了可直接将 Wasm 支持合并到 Envoy 上游的阻碍，
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于是在 2020 年 10 月它成为所有官方 Envoy 版本的一部分。
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这是一个重要的里程碑，因为它表明：</p><ul><li>运行时已准备好进行更广泛的采用。</li><li>编程 ABI/API、扩展配置 API 和运行时行为正在变得稳定。</li><li>您可以期待未来有更大的采用和支持社区。</li></ul><h2 id=wasm-extensions-ecosystem-repository><code>wasm-extensions</code> 生态系统仓库</h2><p>作为 Envoy Wasm 运行时的早期用户，Istio 的可扩展性和可观测工作组在开发扩展方面获得了很多经验。
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我们构建了几个一流的扩展，包括 <a href=https://archive.istio.io/v1.17/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/metadata_exchange/>Metadata 交换</a>、
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<a href=https://archive.istio.io/v1.17/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stats/>Prometheus 统计信息</a>
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和<a href=https://archive.istio.io/v1.17/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/attributegen/>属性生成</a>。
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为了更广泛地分享我们的学习成果，我们在 <code>istio-ecosystem</code>
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组织中创建了一个 <a href=https://github.com/istio-ecosystem/wasm-extensions><code>wasm-extensions</code> 存储库</a>。
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该存储库有两个目的：</p><ul><li>它提供了规范的示例扩展，涵盖了几个热门需求的功能
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（例如<a href=https://github.com/istio-ecosystem/wasm-extensions/tree/master/extensions/basic_auth>基本身份验证</a>）。</li><li>它提供了 Wasm 扩展开发、测试和发布指南。
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该指南基于与 Istio 可扩展性团队使用、维护和测试的相同构建工具链和测试框架。</li></ul><p>该指南目前涵盖了使用 C++ 进行
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<a href=https://github.com/istio-ecosystem/wasm-extensions/blob/master/doc/write-a-wasm-extension-with-cpp.md>WebAssembly 扩展开发</a>和单元测试，
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以及使用 Go 测试框架进行<a href=https://github.com/istio-ecosystem/wasm-extensions/blob/master/doc/write-integration-test.md>集成测试</a>，
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通过运行带有 Istio 代理二进制文件的 Wasm
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模块来模拟真实运行时。在未来，我们还将添加几个更多的规范扩展，
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例如与 Open Policy Agent 的集成以及基于 JWT 令牌的请求头操作。</p><h2 id=wasm-module-distribution-via-the-istio-agent>通过 Istio 代理分发 Wasm 模块</h2><p>在 Istio 1.9 之前，需要使用
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<a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/api-v3/config/core/v3/base.proto#config-core-v3-remotedatasource>Envoy 远程数据源</a>将远程 Wasm 模块分发到代理。
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<a href=https://gist.github.com/bianpengyuan/8377898190e8052ffa36e88a16911910>在此示例中</a>，
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可以看到定义了两个 <code>EnvoyFilter</code> 资源：一个用于添加远程获取 Envoy
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集群，另一个用于将 Wasm 过滤器注入 HTTP 过滤器链中。
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这种方法有一个缺点：如果由于错误的配置或瞬态错误而导致远程获取失败，
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则 Envoy 将被错误的配置卡住。如果将 Wasm 扩展配置为
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<a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/api-v3/extensions/wasm/v3/wasm.proto#extensions-wasm-v3-pluginconfig>fail closed</a>，
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则错误的远程获取将阻止 Envoy 提供服务。要解决这个问题，
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需要对 Envoy xDS 协议进行<a href=https://github.com/envoyproxy/envoy/issues/9447>根本性改变</a>，
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使其允许异步 xDS 响应。</p><p>Istio 1.9 通过利用 istio-agent 内部的 xDS 代理和 Envoy
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的<a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/overview/extension>扩展配置发现服务</a>（ECDS），
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提供了一个可靠的开箱即用的分发机制。</p><p>istio-agent 拦截来自 istiod 的扩展配置资源更新，
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从中读取远程获取提示，下载 Wasm 模块，并使用已下载的 Wasm
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模块路径重写 ECDS 配置。如果下载失败，istio-agent 将拒绝
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ECDS 更新并阻止错误配置到达 Envoy。有关更多详细信息，
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请参见<a href=/v1.23/zh/docs/tasks/extensibility/wasm-module-distribution/>我们的 Wasm 模块分发文档</a>。</p><figure style=width:75%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:75%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.23/zh/blog/2021/wasm-progress/architecture-istio-agent-downloading-wasm-module.svg title="远程获取 Wasm 模块流程"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.23/zh/blog/2021/wasm-progress/architecture-istio-agent-downloading-wasm-module.svg alt="远程获取 Wasm 模块流程"></a></div><figcaption>远程获取 Wasm 模块流程</figcaption></figure><h2 id=istio-wasm-sig-and-future-work>Istio Wasm SIG 和未来工作</h2><p>尽管我们在 Wasm 可扩展性方面取得了很多进展，但该项目仍有许多方面需要完成。
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为了整合各方的努力并更好地应对未来的挑战，我们成立了一个
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<a href=https://discuss.istio.io/t/introducing-wasm-sig/9930>Istio WebAssembly SIG</a>，
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旨在提供一种标准和可靠的方式，使 Istio 能够使用 Wasm 扩展。
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以下是我们正在处理的一些事项：</p><ul><li><strong>一流的扩展 API</strong>：目前，Wasm 扩展需要通过 Istio 的 <code>EnvoyFilter</code> API 注入。
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一流的扩展 API 将使在 Istio 中使用 Wasm 更加容易，
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并且我们预计这将在 Istio 1.10 中引入。</li><li><strong>分发模块的相互操作性</strong>：基于 Solo.io 的
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<a href=https://www.solo.io/blog/announcing-the-webassembly-wasm-oci-image-spec/>WebAssembly OCI 图像规范</a>，
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标准的 Wasm 模块格式将使构建、拉取、发布和执行变得容易。</li><li><strong>基于容器存储接口（CSI）的模块分发</strong>：使用 istio-agent 分发模块易于采用，
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但可能不够高效，因为每个代理都会保留 Wasm 模块的副本。
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作为更有效的解决方案，使用
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<a href=https://kubernetes-csi.github.io/docs/ephemeral-local-volumes.html>Ephemeral CSI</a>，
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将提供一个 DaemonSet 来配置 Pod 的存储。
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类似于 CNI 插件，CSI 驱动程序将从 xDS 流中获取 Wasm 模块，
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并在 Pod 启动时将其挂载到 <code>rootfs</code> 内部。</li></ul><p>如果您想加入我们，该小组将每隔一周的北京时间星期三上午 6 点
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（太平洋时间星期二下午 2 点）举行会议。
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您可以在 <a href=https://github.com/istio/community/blob/master/WORKING-GROUPS.md#working-group-meetings>Istio 工作组日历</a>上找到会议。</p><p>我们期待看到您如何使用 Wasm 来扩展 Istio！</p></div><div class=share-social><div class=heading>Share this post</div><div class=share-buttons><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=%2fv1.23%2fzh%2fblog%2f2021%2fwasm-progress%2f" target=_blank><img class=share-icon src=/v1.23/img/social/linkedin.svg alt="Share to LinkedIn">
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