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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card23 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card23-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card23 role=region id=card23-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card23><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture, and its design goals." href=/v1.6/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.6/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.6/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's WebAssembly Plugin system." href=/v1.6/docs/concepts/wasm/>Extensibility</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card47 title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes." aria-controls=card47-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card47 role=region id=card47-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card47><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Try Istio’s features quickly and easily." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker Desktop for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup kind for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/kind/>kind</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Kops for use with Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/kops/>Kops</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Gardener cluster for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/gardener/>Kubernetes Gardener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a KubeSphere Container Platform for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/kubesphere/>KubeSphere Container Platform</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup MicroK8s for use with Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/microk8s/>MicroK8s</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup minikube for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize any Istio configuration profile for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Customizable Install with Istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster using the Istio operator." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/install/standalone-operator/>Standalone Operator Install</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with replicated control plane instances." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/>Replicated control planes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with a shared control plane." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared/>Shared control plane (single and multiple networks)</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploy istio and connect a workload running within a virtual machine to it." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/install/virtual-machine/>Virtual Machine Installation</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade or downgrade Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/upgrade/>Upgrade Istio</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.6/docs/setup/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card84 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card84-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card84 role=region id=card84-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card84><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure a Kubernetes Ingress object to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/kubernetes-ingress/>Ingress (Kubernetes)</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS.">Secure Gateways</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress with Mixer (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure Istio for Kubernetes External Services." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-kubernetes-services/>Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Certificate Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Management of the certificates in Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/>Certificate Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how system administrators can configure Istio's CA with an existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in existing CA Certificates</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/cert-management/dns-cert/>Istio DNS Certificate Management</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authentication><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling mutual TLS and end-user authentication for mesh services." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/authentication/>Authentication</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Shows how to control access to Istio services." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for HTTP traffic." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control for TCP traffic." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control with JWT in Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-jwt/>Authorization with JWT</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control to deny traffic explicitly." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-deny/>Authorization policies with a deny action</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to set up access control on an ingress gateway." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-ingress/>Authorization on Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-td-migration/>Authorization Policy Trust Domain Migration</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing (Deprecated)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection and querying of metrics within Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to customize the Istio metrics." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/customize-metrics/>Customizing Istio Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to improve telemetry by grouping requests and responses by their type." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/classify-metrics/>Classifying Metrics Based on Request or Response (Experimental)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the collection of logs within Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access logs to their standard output." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy's Access Logs</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Lightstep." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>Lightstep</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure tracing options (beta/development)." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/configurability/>Configurability (Beta/Development)</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Using Mixer for Telemetry (deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh using Mixer." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/>Using Mixer for Telemetry (deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics using Mixer." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics With Mixer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services with Mixer</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs with Mixer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio's Mixer to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/observability/mixer/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Mixer and Fluentd</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card102 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card102-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card102 role=region id=card102-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card102><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.6/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Virtual Machines"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Examples that add workloads running on virtual machines to an Istio mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/examples/virtual-machines/>Virtual Machines</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your single network Istio mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/examples/virtual-machines/single-network/>Virtual Machines in Single-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your multi-network Istio mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/examples/virtual-machines/multi-network/>Virtual Machines in Multi-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Run the Bookinfo application with a MySQL service running on a virtual machine within your mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/examples/virtual-machines/bookinfo/>Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This modular tutorial provides new users with hands-on experience using Istio for common microservices scenarios, one step at a time." href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/>Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/>Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/>Setup a Kubernetes Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/>Setup a Local Computer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/>Run a Microservice Locally</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/package-service/>Run ratings in Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/bookinfo-kubernetes/>Run Bookinfo with Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/production-testing/>Test in production</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-new-microservice-version/>Add a new version of reviews</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/add-istio/>Enable Istio on productpage</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/enable-istio-all-microservices/>Enable Istio on all the microservices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/istio-ingress-gateway/>Configure Istio Ingress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/examples/microservices-istio/logs-istio/>Monitoring with Istio</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card123 title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh." aria-controls=card123-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#guide"/></svg>Operations</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card123 role=region id=card123-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card123><li role=treeitem aria-label=Deployment><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Requirements, concepts, and considerations for setting up an Istio deployment." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/deployment/>Deployment</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/deployment/architecture/>Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options and considerations when configuring your Istio deployment." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/>Deployment Models</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio performance and scalability summary." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/deployment/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Advanced concepts and features for configuring a running Istio mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mesh Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the global mesh configuration." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/>Mesh Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to wait to apply mesh configuration until a resource reaches a given status or readiness." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/config-resource-ready/>Wait for Resource Status to Apply Configuration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/injection-concepts/>Automatic Sidecar Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how Citadel determines whether to create service account secrets." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/secret-creation/>Service Account Secret Creation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to specify protocols." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/protocol-selection/>Protocol Selection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to enable and understand Locality Load Balancing." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure gateway network topology (Development)." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/network-topologies/>Configuring Gateway Network Topology (Development)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use hardened container images to reduce Istio's attack surface." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/security/harden-docker-images/>Harden Docker Container Images</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of the Istio self-signed root certificate." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/security/root-transition/>Extending Self-Signed Certificate Lifetime</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure Prometheus to monitor multicluster Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/monitoring-multicluster-prometheus/>Monitoring Multicluster Istio with Prometheus</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Best Practices"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Best practices for setting up and managing an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/best-practices/>Best Practices</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="General best practices when setting up an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/best-practices/deployment/>Deployment Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration best practices to avoid networking or traffic management issues." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/best-practices/traffic-management/>Traffic Management Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for securing applications using Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/best-practices/security/>Security Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for observing applications using Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/best-practices/observability/>Observability Best Practices</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Problems"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/common-problems/>Common Problems</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio traffic management and network problems." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/>Traffic Management Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio authentication, authorization, and general security-related problems." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/common-problems/security-issues/>Security Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with telemetry collection issues." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/common-problems/observability-issues/>Observability Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to resolve configuration validation problems." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/common-problems/validation/>Configuration Validation Problems</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Diagnostic Tools"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/>Diagnostic Tools</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Istiod</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl analyze to identify potential issues with your configuration." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-analyze/>Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into individual running components." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/controlz/>Component Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Integrations><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Other softwares that Istio can integrate with to provide additional functionality." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/integrations/>Integrations</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to integrate with Prometheus." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/integrations/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with cert-manager." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/integrations/certmanager/>cert-manager</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to integrate with Grafana to set up Istio dashboards." href=/v1.6/docs/ops/integrations/grafana/>Grafana</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card171 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card171-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card171 role=region id=card171-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card171><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Global Mesh Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting Istio control plane installation version and shape." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha1/>IstioOperator Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the role of the `status` field in configuration workflow." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/config-status/>Configuration Status Field</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Customizing Envoy configuration generated by Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting VMs onboarded into the mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/networking/workload-entry/>Workload Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/networking/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/networking/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Proxy Extensions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio proxy extensions." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/>Proxy Extensions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stackdriver filter." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stackdriver/>Stackdriver Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Stats Filter." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/stats/>Stats Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for AccessLogPolicy Filter." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/accesslogpolicy/>AccessLogPolicy Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Attribute Generation plugin." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/attributegen/>AttributeGen Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Metadata Exchange Filter." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/metadata_exchange/>Metadata Exchange Config</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable telemetry generation with the Wasm runtime (experimental)." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/proxy_extensions/wasm_telemetry/>Wasm-based Telemetry (Experimental)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's security features." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Peer authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/security/peer_authentication/>PeerAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration to validate JWT." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/security/jwt/>JWTRule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Request authentication configuration for workloads." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/security/request_authentication/>RequestAuthentication</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for access control on workloads." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/>Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported conditions in authorization policies." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>Authorization Policy Conditions</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio standard metrics exported by Istio telemetry." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/metrics/>Istio Standard Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource annotations used by Istio." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/annotations/>Resource Annotations</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Configuration Analysis Messages"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Documents the individual error and warning messages produced during configurarion analysis." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/>Configuration Analysis Messages</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0113/>MTLSPolicyConflict</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/message-format/>Analyzer Message Format</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0109/>ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0110/>ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0002/>Deprecated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0104/>GatewayPortNotOnWorkload</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0001/>InternalError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0105/>IstioProxyImageMismatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0119/>JwtFailureDueToInvalidServicePortPrefix</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0107/>MisplacedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0111/>MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0102/>NamespaceNotInjected</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0106/>SchemaValidationError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0112/>VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0108/>UnknownAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0101/>ReferencedResourceNotFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0118/>PortNameIsNotUnderNamingConvention</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0103/>PodMissingProxy</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mixer Policies and Telemetry (Deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Mixer Policies and Telemetry (Deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the configuration model for Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/>Mixer Configuration Model (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary (Deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mixer Adapters (Deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Mixer Adapters (Deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to enforce authentication and authorization policies for web apps and APIs." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/app-identity-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Layer5." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/layer5/>Layer5</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An Istio Mixer adapter to send telemetry data to New Relic." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/newrelic/>New Relic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.6/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.6/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.6/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/ title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system.">Tasks</a></li><li><a href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features.">Traffic Management</a></li><li><a href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh.">Ingress</a></li><li>Secure Gateways</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Secure Gateways</h1><p class=byline><span title="1795 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>9 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><li role=none aria-label="Generate client and server certificates and keys"><a href=#generate-client-and-server-certificates-and-keys>Generate client and server certificates and keys</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Configure a TLS ingress gateway for a single host"><a href=#configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-a-single-host>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for a single host</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure a TLS ingress gateway for multiple hosts"><a href=#configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-multiple-hosts>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for multiple hosts</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure a mutual TLS ingress gateway"><a href=#configure-a-mutual-tls-ingress-gateway>Configure a mutual TLS ingress gateway</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Troubleshooting><a href=#troubleshooting>Troubleshooting</a><li role=none aria-label=Cleanup><a href=#cleanup>Cleanup</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>The <a href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress>Control Ingress Traffic task</a>
describes how to configure an ingress gateway to expose an HTTP
service to external traffic. This task shows how to expose a secure HTTPS
service using either simple or mutual TLS.</p><h2 id=before-you-begin>Before you begin</h2><ol><li><p>Perform the steps in the <a href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a>.
and <a href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/#determining-the-ingress-ip-and-ports>Determining the ingress IP and ports</a>
sections of the <a href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control>Control Ingress Traffic</a> task. After performing
those steps you should have Istio and the <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/release-1.6/samples/httpbin>httpbin</a> service deployed,
and the environment variables <code>INGRESS_HOST</code> and <code>SECURE_INGRESS_PORT</code> set.</p></li><li><p>For macOS users, verify that you use <code>curl</code> compiled with the <a href=http://www.libressl.org>LibreSSL</a> library:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl --version | grep LibreSSL
curl 7.54.0 (x86_64-apple-darwin17.0) libcurl/7.54.0 LibreSSL/2.0.20 zlib/1.2.11 nghttp2/1.24.0
</code></pre><p>If the previous command outputs a version of LibreSSL as shown, your <code>curl</code> command
should work correctly with the instructions in this task. Otherwise, try
a different implementation of <code>curl</code>, for example on a Linux machine.</p></li></ol><h2 id=generate-client-and-server-certificates-and-keys>Generate client and server certificates and keys</h2><p>For this task you can use your favorite tool to generate certificates and keys. The commands below use
<a href=https://man.openbsd.org/openssl.1>openssl</a></p><ol><li><p>Create a root certificate and private key to sign the certificates for your services:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj &#39;/O=example Inc./CN=example.com&#39; -keyout example.com.key -out example.com.crt
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create a certificate and a private key for <code>httpbin.example.com</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ openssl req -out httpbin.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout httpbin.example.com.key -subj &#34;/CN=httpbin.example.com/O=httpbin organization&#34;
$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA example.com.crt -CAkey example.com.key -set_serial 0 -in httpbin.example.com.csr -out httpbin.example.com.crt
</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-a-single-host>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for a single host</h3><ol><li><p>Ensure you have deployed the <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/release-1.6/samples/httpbin>httpbin</a> service from <a href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a>.</p></li><li><p>Create a secret for the ingress gateway:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls httpbin-credential --key=httpbin.example.com.key --cert=httpbin.example.com.crt
</code></pre><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>The secret name <strong>should not</strong> begin with <code>istio</code> or <code>prometheus</code>, and
the secret <strong>should not</strong> contain a <code>token</code> field.</div></aside></div></li><li><p>Define a gateway with a <code>servers:</code> section for port 443, and specify values for
<code>credentialName</code> to be <code>httpbin-credential</code>. The values are the same as the
secret&rsquo;s name. The TLS mode should have the value of <code>SIMPLE</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: mygateway
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway
servers:
- port:
number: 443
name: https
protocol: HTTPS
tls:
mode: SIMPLE
credentialName: httpbin-credential # must be the same as secret
hosts:
- httpbin.example.com
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Configure the gateway&rsquo;s ingress traffic routes. Define the corresponding
virtual service.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: httpbin
spec:
hosts:
- &#34;httpbin.example.com&#34;
gateways:
- mygateway
http:
- match:
- uri:
prefix: /status
- uri:
prefix: /delay
route:
- destination:
port:
number: 8000
host: httpbin
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send an HTTPS request to access the <code>httpbin</code> service through HTTPS:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve &#34;httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST&#34; \
--cacert example.com.crt &#34;https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418&#34;
</code></pre><p>The <code>httpbin</code> service will return the
<a href=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7168#section-2.3.3>418 I&rsquo;m a Teapot</a> code.</p></li><li><p>Delete the gateway&rsquo;s secret and create a new one to change the ingress
gateway&rsquo;s credentials.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl -n istio-system delete secret httpbin-credential
</code></pre><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ mkdir new_certificates
$ openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj &#39;/O=example Inc./CN=example.com&#39; -keyout new_certificates/example.com.key -out new_certificates/example.com.crt
$ openssl req -out new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.key -subj &#34;/CN=httpbin.example.com/O=httpbin organization&#34;
$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA new_certificates/example.com.crt -CAkey new_certificates/example.com.key -set_serial 0 -in new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.csr -out new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.crt
$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls httpbin-credential \
--key=new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.key \
--cert=new_certificates/httpbin.example.com.crt
</code></pre></li><li><p>Access the <code>httpbin</code> service using <code>curl</code> using the new certificate chain:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve &#34;httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST&#34; \
--cacert new_certificates/example.com.crt &#34;https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418&#34;
...
HTTP/2 418
...
-=[ teapot ]=-
_...._
.&#39; _ _ `.
| .&#34;` ^ `&#34;. _,
\_;`&#34;---&#34;`|//
| ;/
\_ _/
`&#34;&#34;&#34;`
</code></pre></li><li><p>If you try to access <code>httpbin</code> with the previous certificate chain, the attempt now fails.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve &#34;httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST&#34; \
--cacert example.com.crt &#34;https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418&#34;
...
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS alert, Server hello (2):
* curl: (35) error:04FFF06A:rsa routines:CRYPTO_internal:block type is not 01
</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-multiple-hosts>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for multiple hosts</h3><p>You can configure an ingress gateway for multiple hosts,
<code>httpbin.example.com</code> and <code>helloworld-v1.example.com</code>, for example. The ingress gateway
retrieves unique credentials corresponding to a specific <code>credentialName</code>.</p><ol><li><p>To restore the credentials for <code>httpbin</code>, delete its secret and create it again.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl -n istio-system delete secret httpbin-credential
$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls httpbin-credential \
--key=httpbin.example.com.key \
--cert=httpbin.example.com.crt
</code></pre></li><li><p>Start the <code>helloworld-v1</code> sample</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: helloworld-v1
labels:
app: helloworld-v1
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 5000
selector:
app: helloworld-v1
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: helloworld-v1
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: helloworld-v1
version: v1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: helloworld-v1
version: v1
spec:
containers:
- name: helloworld
image: istio/examples-helloworld-v1
resources:
requests:
cpu: &#34;100m&#34;
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent #Always
ports:
- containerPort: 5000
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Generate a certificate and a private key for <code>helloworld-v1.example.com</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ openssl req -out helloworld-v1.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout helloworld-v1.example.com.key -subj &#34;/CN=helloworld-v1.example.com/O=helloworld organization&#34;
$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA example.com.crt -CAkey example.com.key -set_serial 1 -in helloworld-v1.example.com.csr -out helloworld-v1.example.com.crt
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create the <code>helloworld-credential</code> secret:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls helloworld-credential --key=helloworld-v1.example.com.key --cert=helloworld-v1.example.com.crt
</code></pre></li><li><p>Define a gateway with two server sections for port 443. Set the value of
<code>credentialName</code> on each port to <code>httpbin-credential</code> and <code>helloworld-credential</code>
respectively. Set TLS mode to <code>SIMPLE</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: mygateway
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway
servers:
- port:
number: 443
name: https-httpbin
protocol: HTTPS
tls:
mode: SIMPLE
credentialName: httpbin-credential
hosts:
- httpbin.example.com
- port:
number: 443
name: https-helloworld
protocol: HTTPS
tls:
mode: SIMPLE
credentialName: helloworld-credential
hosts:
- helloworld-v1.example.com
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Configure the gateway&rsquo;s traffic routes. Define the corresponding
virtual service.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: helloworld-v1
spec:
hosts:
- helloworld-v1.example.com
gateways:
- mygateway
http:
- match:
- uri:
exact: /hello
route:
- destination:
host: helloworld-v1
port:
number: 5000
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send an HTTPS request to <code>helloworld-v1.example.com</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl -v -HHost:helloworld-v1.example.com --resolve &#34;helloworld-v1.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST&#34; \
--cacert example.com.crt &#34;https://helloworld-v1.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/hello&#34;
HTTP/2 200
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send an HTTPS request to <code>httpbin.example.com</code> and still get a teapot in return:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve &#34;httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST&#34; \
--cacert example.com.crt &#34;https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418&#34;
...
-=[ teapot ]=-
_...._
.&#39; _ _ `.
| .&#34;` ^ `&#34;. _,
\_;`&#34;---&#34;`|//
| ;/
\_ _/
`&#34;&#34;&#34;`
</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=configure-a-mutual-tls-ingress-gateway>Configure a mutual TLS ingress gateway</h3><p>You can extend your gateway&rsquo;s definition to support
<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_authentication>mutual TLS</a>. Change
the credentials of the ingress gateway by deleting its secret and creating a new one.
The server uses the CA certificate to verify
its clients, and we must use the name <code>cacert</code> to hold the CA certificate.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl -n istio-system delete secret httpbin-credential
$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret generic httpbin-credential --from-file=tls.key=httpbin.example.com.key \
--from-file=tls.crt=httpbin.example.com.crt --from-file=ca.crt=example.com.crt
</code></pre><ol><li><p>Change the gateway&rsquo;s definition to set the TLS mode to <code>MUTUAL</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: mygateway
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway
servers:
- port:
number: 443
name: https
protocol: HTTPS
tls:
mode: MUTUAL
credentialName: httpbin-credential # must be the same as secret
hosts:
- httpbin.example.com
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Attempt to send an HTTPS request using the prior approach and see how it fails:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve &#34;httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST&#34; \
--cacert example.com.crt &#34;https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418&#34;
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Encrypted Extensions (8):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Request CERT (13):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, CERT verify (15):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Change cipher spec (1):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.3 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.3 (IN), TLS alert, unknown (628):
* OpenSSL SSL_read: error:1409445C:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:tlsv13 alert certificate required, errno 0
</code></pre></li><li><p>Generate client certificate and private key:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ openssl req -out client.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout client.example.com.key -subj &#34;/CN=client.example.com/O=client organization&#34;
$ openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA example.com.crt -CAkey example.com.key -set_serial 1 -in client.example.com.csr -out client.example.com.crt
</code></pre></li><li><p>Pass a client certificate and private key to <code>curl</code> and resend the request.
Pass your client&rsquo;s certificate with the <code>--cert</code> flag and your private key
with the <code>--key</code> flag to <code>curl</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com --resolve &#34;httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST&#34; \
--cacert example.com.crt --cert client.example.com.crt --key client.example.com.key \
&#34;https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418&#34;
...
-=[ teapot ]=-
_...._
.&#39; _ _ `.
| .&#34;` ^ `&#34;. _,
\_;`&#34;---&#34;`|//
| ;/
\_ _/
`&#34;&#34;&#34;`
</code></pre></li></ol><p>Istio supports reading a few different Secret formats, to support integration with various tools such as <a href=/v1.6/docs/ops/integrations/certmanager/>cert-manager</a>:</p><ul><li>A TLS Secret with keys <code>tls.key</code> and <code>tls.crt</code>, as described above. For mutual TLS, a <code>ca.crt</code> key can be used.</li><li>A generic Secret with keys <code>key</code> and <code>cert</code>. For mutual TLS, a <code>cacert</code> key can be used.</li><li>A generic Secret with keys <code>key</code> and <code>cert</code>. For mutual TLS, a separate generic Secret named <code>&lt;secret>-cacert</code>, with a <code>cacert</code> key. For example, <code>httpbin-credential</code> has <code>key</code> and <code>cert</code>, and <code>httpbin-credential-cacert</code> has <code>cacert</code>.</li></ul><h2 id=troubleshooting>Troubleshooting</h2><ul><li><p>Inspect the values of the <code>INGRESS_HOST</code> and <code>SECURE_INGRESS_PORT</code> environment
variables. Make sure they have valid values, according to the output of the
following commands:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl get svc -n istio-system
$ echo &#34;INGRESS_HOST=$INGRESS_HOST, SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT&#34;
</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the log of the <code>istio-ingressgateway</code> controller for error messages:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl logs -n istio-system &#34;$(kubectl get pod -l istio=ingressgateway \
-n istio-system -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[0].metadata.name}&#39;)&#34;
</code></pre></li><li><p>If using macOS, verify you are using <code>curl</code> compiled with the <a href=http://www.libressl.org>LibreSSL</a>
library, as described in the <a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a> section.</p></li><li><p>Verify that the secrets are successfully created in the <code>istio-system</code>
namespace:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl -n istio-system get secrets
</code></pre><p><code>httpbin-credential</code> and <code>helloworld-credential</code> should show in the secrets
list.</p></li><li><p>Check the logs to verify that the ingress gateway agent has pushed the
key/certificate pair to the ingress gateway.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl logs -n istio-system &#34;$(kubectl get pod -l istio=ingressgateway \
-n istio-system -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[0].metadata.name}&#39;)&#34;
</code></pre><p>The log should show that the <code>httpbin-credential</code> secret was added. If using mutual
TLS, then the <code>httpbin-credential-cacert</code> secret should also appear.
Verify the log shows that the gateway agent receives SDS requests from the
ingress gateway, that the resource&rsquo;s name is <code>httpbin-credential</code>, and that the ingress gateway
obtained the key/certificate pair. If using mutual TLS, the log should show
key/certificate was sent to the ingress gateway,
that the gateway agent received the SDS request with the <code>httpbin-credential-cacert</code>
resource name, and that the ingress gateway obtained the root certificate.</p></li></ul><h2 id=cleanup>Cleanup</h2><ol><li><p>Delete the gateway configuration, the virtual service definition, and the secrets:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl delete gateway mygateway
$ kubectl delete virtualservice httpbin
$ kubectl delete --ignore-not-found=true -n istio-system secret httpbin-credential \
helloworld-credential
$ kubectl delete --ignore-not-found=true virtualservice helloworld-v1
</code></pre></li><li><p>Delete the certificates and keys:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ rm -rf example.com.crt example.com.key httpbin.example.com.crt httpbin.example.com.key httpbin.example.com.csr helloworld-v1.example.com.crt helloworld-v1.example.com.key helloworld-v1.example.com.csr client.example.com.crt client.example.com.csr client.example.com.key ./new_certificates
</code></pre></li><li><p>Shutdown the <code>httpbin</code> and <code>helloworld-v1</code> services:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl delete deployment --ignore-not-found=true httpbin helloworld-v1
$ kubectl delete service --ignore-not-found=true httpbin helloworld-v1
</code></pre></li></ol><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.6/blog/2020/alb-ingress-gateway-iks/>Direct encrypted traffic from IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Ingress to Istio Ingress Gateway</a></p><p class=desc>Configure the IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service Application Load Balancer to direct traffic to the Istio Ingress gateway with mutual TLS.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.6/blog/2019/proxy/>Istio as a Proxy for External Services</a></p><p class=desc>Configure Istio ingress gateway to act as a proxy for external services.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.6/blog/2019/custom-ingress-gateway/>Deploy a Custom Ingress Gateway Using Cert-Manager</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to deploy a custom ingress gateway using cert-manager manually.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.6/blog/2018/aws-nlb/>Configuring Istio Ingress with AWS NLB</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure Istio ingress with a network load balancer on AWS.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.6/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/network-topologies/>Configuring Gateway Network Topology (Development)</a></p><p class=desc>How to configure gateway network topology (Development).</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/kubernetes-ingress/>Ingress (Kubernetes)</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure a Kubernetes Ingress object to expose a service outside of the service mesh.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Describes how to configure a Kubernetes Ingress object to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/kubernetes-ingress/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Ingress (Kubernetes)</a></div><div class=right><a title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.6/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
<button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',0)">No</button></div><div id=feedback-comment>Do you have any suggestions for improvement?<br><br><input id=feedback-textbox type=text placeholder="Help us improve..." data-lang=en></div><div id=feedback-thankyou>Thanks for your feedback!</div></div><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><li role=none aria-label="Generate client and server certificates and keys"><a href=#generate-client-and-server-certificates-and-keys>Generate client and server certificates and keys</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Configure a TLS ingress gateway for a single host"><a href=#configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-a-single-host>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for a single host</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure a TLS ingress gateway for multiple hosts"><a href=#configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-multiple-hosts>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for multiple hosts</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure a mutual TLS ingress gateway"><a href=#configure-a-mutual-tls-ingress-gateway>Configure a mutual TLS ingress gateway</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Troubleshooting><a href=#troubleshooting>Troubleshooting</a><li role=none aria-label=Cleanup><a href=#cleanup>Cleanup</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.6.8 now" href=/v1.6/docs/setup/getting-started/#download aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.6/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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