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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon menu-close"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#menu-close"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb class=container-l><ol><li><a href title="Get a bit more in-depth info about the Istio project.">About</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li><a href=/v1.14/about/faq/ title="Frequently Asked Questions about Istio.">FAQ</a><svg class="icon breadcrumb-arrow"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#breadcrumb-arrow"/></svg></li><li>Security</li></ol></nav><main class="primary container about"><div class=article-container><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Security FAQ</h1></div></div><nav class="toc-inlined toc-forced"><hr><div class=directory role=directory><nav id=InlineTableOfContents><ol><li role=none aria-label="How can I enable/disable mutual TLS after I installed Istio?"><a href=#enabling-disabling-mtls>How can I enable/disable mutual TLS after I installed Istio?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="Can I enable mutual TLS for some services while leaving it disabled for other services in the same cluster?"><a href=#auth-mix-and-match>Can I enable mutual TLS for some services while leaving it disabled for other services in the same cluster?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="How can I verify that traffic is using mutual TLS encryption?"><a href=#verify-mtls-encryption>How can I verify that traffic is using mutual TLS encryption?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="If mutual TLS is globally enabled, can non-Istio services access Istio services?"><a href=#non-istio-to-istio>If mutual TLS is globally enabled, can non-Istio services access Istio services?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="How can I use Kubernetes liveness and readiness for pod health checks when mutual TLS is enabled?"><a href=#k8s-health-checks>How can I use Kubernetes liveness and readiness for pod health checks when mutual TLS is enabled?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="How to configure the lifetime for Istio certificates?"><a href=#cert-lifetime-config>How to configure the lifetime for Istio certificates?</a></li><li role=none aria-label='Does Auto mutual TLS exclude ports set using "excludeInboundPorts" annotation?'><a href=#automtls-exclude-port>Does Auto mutual TLS exclude ports set using "excludeInboundPorts" annotation?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="MySQL Connectivity Troubleshooting"><a href=#mysql-with-mtls>MySQL Connectivity Troubleshooting</a></li><li role=none aria-label="Does Istio support authorization?"><a href=#does-istio-support-authorization>Does Istio support authorization?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="How to configure Istio Ingress to only accept TLS traffic?"><a href=#secure-ingress>How to configure Istio Ingress to only accept TLS traffic?</a></li><li role=none aria-label="Can I install Istio sidecar for HTTPS services?"><a href=#https-overlay>Can I install Istio sidecar for HTTPS services?</a></li></ol></nav></div><hr></nav><div class=faq><h5 id=enabling-disabling-mtls class=question>How can I enable/disable mutual TLS after I installed Istio?</h5><div class=answer><p>You can change mutual TLS settings for your services at any time using <a href=/v1.14/docs/concepts/security/#authentication-policies>authentication policy</a>
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and <a href=/v1.14/docs/concepts/traffic-management/#destination-rules>destination rule</a>. See <a href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy>task</a> for more details.</p></div><h5 id=auth-mix-and-match class=question>Can I enable mutual TLS for some services while leaving it disabled for other services in the same cluster?</h5><div class=answer><p><a href=/v1.14/docs/concepts/security/#authentication-policies>Authentication policy</a> can be mesh-wide (which affects all services in the mesh), namespace-wide
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(all services in the same namespace), or service specific. You can have policy or policies to setup mutual TLS for services in a cluster in any way as you want.</p></div><h5 id=verify-mtls-encryption class=question>How can I verify that traffic is using mutual TLS encryption?</h5><div class=answer><p>If you installed Istio with <code>values.global.proxy.privileged=true</code>, you can use <code>tcpdump</code> to determine encryption status. Also in Kubernetes 1.23 and later, as an alternative to installing Istio as privileged, you can use <code>kubectl debug</code> to run <code>tcpdump</code> in an <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/debug/debug-application/debug-running-pod/#ephemeral-container>ephemeral container</a>. See <a href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration>Istio mutual TLS migration</a> for instructions.</p></div><h5 id=non-istio-to-istio class=question>If mutual TLS is globally enabled, can non-Istio services access Istio services?</h5><div class=answer><p>When <code>STRICT</code> mutual TLS is enabled, non-Istio workloads cannot communicate to Istio services, as they will not have a valid Istio client certificate.</p><p>If you need to allow these clients, the mutual TLS mode can be configured to <code>PERMISSIVE</code>, allowing both plaintext and mutual TLS.
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This can be done for individual workloads or the entire mesh.</p><p>See <a href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy>Authentication Policy</a> for more details.</p></div><h5 id=k8s-health-checks class=question>How can I use Kubernetes liveness and readiness for pod health checks when mutual TLS is enabled?</h5><div class=answer><p>If mutual TLS is enabled, HTTP and TCP health checks from the kubelet will not work without modification, since the kubelet does not have Istio-issued certificates.</p><p>There are several options:</p><ol><li><p>Using probe rewrite to redirect liveness and readiness requests to the
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workload directly. Please refer to <a href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/#probe-rewrite>Probe Rewrite</a>
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for more information. This is enabled by default and recommended.</p></li><li><p>Using a separate port for health checks and enabling mutual TLS only on the regular service port. Please refer to <a href=/v1.14/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/#separate-port>Health Checking of Istio Services</a> for more information.</p></li><li><p>Using the <a href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration><code>PERMISSIVE</code> mode</a> for the workload, so it can accept both plaintext and mutual TLS traffic. Please keep in mind that mutual TLS is not enforced with this option.</p></li></ol></div><h5 id=cert-lifetime-config class=question>How to configure the lifetime for Istio certificates?</h5><div class=answer><p>For the workloads running in Kubernetes, the lifetime of their Istio certificates is by default 24 hours.</p><p>This configuration may be overridden by customizing the <code>proxyMetadata</code> field of the <a href=/v1.14/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/#ProxyConfig>proxy configuration</a>. For example:</p><pre><code class=language-yaml data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>proxyMetadata:
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SECRET_TTL: 48h
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</code></pre><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.14/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>Values over 90 days will not be accepted.</div></aside></div></div><h5 id=automtls-exclude-port class=question>Does Auto mutual TLS exclude ports set using "excludeInboundPorts" annotation?</h5><div class=answer><p>No. When <code>traffic.sidecar.istio.io/excludeInboundPorts</code> is used on server workloads, Istio still
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configures the client Envoy to send mutual TLS by default. To change that, you need to configure
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a Destination Rule with mutual TLS mode set to <code>DISABLE</code> to have clients send plain text to those
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ports.</p></div><h5 id=mysql-with-mtls class=question>MySQL Connectivity Troubleshooting</h5><div class=answer><p>You may find MySQL can’t connect after installing Istio. This is because MySQL is a <a href=/v1.14/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/#server-first-protocols>server first</a> protocol,
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which can interfere with Istio’s protocol detection. In particular, using <code>PERMISSIVE</code> mTLS mode, may cause issues.
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You may see error messages such as <code>ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server at
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'reading initial communication packet', system error: 0</code>.</p><p>This can be fixed by ensuring <code>STRICT</code> or <code>DISABLE</code> mode is used, or that all clients are configured
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to send mTLS. See <a href=/v1.14/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/#server-first-protocols>server first protocols</a> for more information.</p></div><h5 id=does-istio-support-authorization class=question>Does Istio support authorization?</h5><div class=answer><p>Yes. Istio provides authorization features for both HTTP and plain TCP services in the mesh.
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<a href=/v1.14/docs/concepts/security/#authorization>Learn more</a>.</p></div><h5 id=secure-ingress class=question>How to configure Istio Ingress to only accept TLS traffic?</h5><div class=answer><p>By following the instructions in the
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<a href=/v1.14/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress>Secure Ingress Traffic</a> task,
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Istio Ingress can be secured to only accept TLS traffic.</p></div><h5 id=https-overlay class=question>Can I install Istio sidecar for HTTPS services?</h5><div class=answer><p>Yes, you can. 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