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<a title="A broad overview of the Istio system." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/">What is Istio? </a>
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<a title="Provides a conceptual overview of traffic management in Istio and the features it enables." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/overview/">Overview</a>
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<a title="Introduces Pilot, the component responsible for managing a distributed deployment of Envoy proxies in the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/pilot/">Pilot</a>
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<a title="Describes how requests are routed between services in an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/request-routing/">Request Routing</a>
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<a title="Describes how traffic is load balanced across instances of a service in the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/load-balancing/">Discovery &amp; Load Balancing</a>
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<a title="An overview of failure recovery capabilities in Envoy that can be leveraged by unmodified applications to improve robustness and prevent cascading failures." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/handling-failures/">Handling Failures</a>
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<a title="Introduces the idea of systematic fault injection that can be used to uncover conflicting failure recovery policies across services." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/fault-injection/">Fault Injection</a>
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<a title="Provides a high-level overview of the configuration model used by Istio to configure traffic management rules in the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/traffic-management/rules-configuration/">Rules Configuration</a>
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<a title="Describes Istio&#39;s authorization and authentication functionality." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/">Security </a>
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<a title="Describes Istio&#39;s authentication policy" href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/authn-policy/">Authentication Policy</a>
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<a title="Describes Istio&#39;s mutual TLS authentication architecture which provides a strong service identity and secure communication channels between services." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/mutual-tls/">Mutual TLS Authentication</a>
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<a title="Describes Istio RBAC which provides access control for services in Istio Mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/security/rbac/">Istio Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)</a>
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<a title="Describes the design of the policy and telemetry mechanisms." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/overview/">Overview</a>
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<a title="An overview of the key concepts used to configure Istio&#39;s policy enforcement and telemetry collection features." href="/v0.8/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/config/">Configuration</a>
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Setup
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<a title="Install Istio with the included Helm chart." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/helm-install/">Installation with Helm</a>
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<a title="Install Istio with the included Ansible playbook." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/ansible-install/">Installation with Ansible</a>
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<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/sidecar-injection/">Installing the Istio Sidecar</a>
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<a title="Instructions for integrating VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion/">Mesh Expansion</a>
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<a title="Install Istio with multicluster support." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/multicluster-install/">Istio Multicluster</a>
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<a title="This guide demonstrates how to upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrading-istio/">Upgrading Istio</a>
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<a title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/">Quick Start on Docker</a>
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<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/consul/install/">Installation</a>
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<a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in an Eureka based environment." href="/v0.8/docs/setup/eureka/install/">Installation</a>
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Tasks
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<a title="Describes tasks that demonstrate traffic routing features of Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/">Traffic Management </a>
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<a title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing based on weights and HTTP headers." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/">Configuring Request Routing</a>
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<a title="This task shows how to inject delays and test the resiliency of your application." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/">Fault Injection</a>
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<a title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/">Traffic Shifting</a>
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<a title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/">Setting Request Timeouts</a>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/">Control Ingress Traffic</a>
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<li>
<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh, over TLS or Mutual TLS." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/">Securing Gateways with HTTPS</a>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/">Control Egress Traffic</a>
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<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-tls-origination/">TLS Origination for Egress Traffic</a>
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<li>
<a title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway service" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress-gateway/">Configure an Egress Gateway</a>
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<li>
<a title="This task demonstrates the circuit-breaking capability for resilient applications" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/">Circuit Breaking</a>
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<li>
<a title="This task demonstrates the traffic shadowing/mirroring capabilities of Istio" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/">Mirroring</a>
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<a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/">Security </a>
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<a title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/">Basic Authentication Policy</a>
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<a title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio&#39;s automatic mutual TLS authentication." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/">Testing Mutual TLS</a>
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<a title="Shows how to control access to a service using the Kubernetes labels." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/basic-access-control/">Basic Access Control</a>
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<a title="Shows how to securely control access to a service using service accounts." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/secure-access-control/">Secure Access Control</a>
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<li>
<a title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for services in Istio mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/role-based-access-control/">Role-Based Access Control</a>
</li>
<li>
<a title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/">Plugging in external CA key and certificate</a>
</li>
<li>
<a title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/health-check/">Citadel health checking</a>
</li>
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<a title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/">Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a>
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<a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/">Policies </a>
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<li>
<a title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/">Enabling Rate Limits</a>
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<a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/">Telemetry </a>
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<a title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin or Jaeger" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/">Distributed Tracing</a>
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<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics and logs." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics-logs/">Collecting Metrics and Logs</a>
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<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/tcp-metrics/">Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a>
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<a title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/querying-metrics/">Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a>
</li>
<li>
<a title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/using-istio-dashboard/">Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a>
</li>
<li>
<a title="This task shows you how to generate a graph of services within an Istio mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/servicegraph/">Generating a Service Graph</a>
</li>
<li>
<a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon" href="/v0.8/docs/tasks/telemetry/fluentd/">Logging with Fluentd</a>
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Guides
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<li>
<a title="This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/bookinfo/">Bookinfo Sample Application</a>
</li>
<li>
<a title="This guide demonstrates how to use various traffic management capabilities of an Istio service mesh." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/intelligent-routing/">Intelligent Routing</a>
</li>
<li>
<a title="This sample demonstrates how to obtain uniform metrics, logs, traces across different services using Istio Mixer and Istio sidecar." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/telemetry/">In-Depth Telemetry</a>
</li>
<li>
<a title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/endpoints/">Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a>
</li>
<li>
<span class="current" title="This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of virtual machines, and illustrates how to use the Istio service mesh to control this infrastructure as a single mesh.">Integrating Virtual Machines</span>
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Performance and Scalability
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<a title="Provides a conceptual introduction to Istio&#39;s Performance and Scalability" href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/overview/">Overview</a>
</li>
<li>
<a title="Performance measurement through code level micro-benchmarks." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/microbenchmarks/">Micro Benchmarks</a>
</li>
<li>
<a title="The different scenarios we are tracking for performance and scalability." href="/v0.8/docs/performance-and-scalability/scenarios/">Testing scenarios</a>
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<a title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/">CloudWatch</a>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/">Datadog</a>
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<a title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/">Denier</a>
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<a title="Adapter that delivers logs to a fluentd daemon." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/">Fluentd</a>
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<a title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/">Kubernetes Env</a>
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<a title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/">List</a>
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<a title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/">Memory quota</a>
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<a title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/">OPA</a>
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<a title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/">Redis Quota</a>
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<a title="Adapter that delivers logs and metrics to Google Service Control" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/servicecontrol/">Service Control</a>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/">SolarWinds</a>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Stackdriver" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/">Stackdriver</a>
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<a title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend" href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/">StatsD</a>
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<a title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer&#39;s policy and telemetry features." href="/v0.8/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/">Rules</a>
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<h1 id="title">Integrating Virtual Machines</h1>
<nav class="toc-inlined d-xl-none d-print-none" >
<div class="directory" role="directory">
<nav id="InlinedTableOfContents">
<ul>
<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#before-you-begin">Before you begin</a></li>
<li><a href="#running-mysql-on-the-vm">Running MySQL on the VM</a></li>
<li><a href="#find-out-the-ip-address-of-the-vm-that-will-be-used-to-add-it-to-the-mesh">Find out the IP address of the VM that will be used to add it to the mesh</a></li>
<li><a href="#registering-the-mysql-service-with-the-mesh">Registering the mysql service with the mesh</a></li>
<li><a href="#using-the-mysql-service">Using the mysql service</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</nav>
<p>This sample deploys the Bookinfo services across Kubernetes and a set of
Virtual Machines, and illustrates how to use Istio service mesh to control
this infrastructure as a single mesh.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>This guide is still under development and only tested on Google Cloud Platform.
On IBM Cloud or other platforms where overlay network of Pods is isolated from VM network,
VMs cannot initiate any direct communication to Kubernetes Pods even when using Istio.</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="overview">Overview</h2>
<figure style="width: 80%">
<div class="wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio" style="padding-bottom: 56.78%">
<a class="not-for-endnotes" href="/v0.8/docs/guides/img/mesh-expansion.svg">
<img class="element-to-stretch" src="/v0.8/docs/guides/img/mesh-expansion.svg" alt="Bookinfo Application with Istio Mesh Expansion" title="Bookinfo Application with Istio Mesh Expansion" />
</a>
</div>
<figcaption>Bookinfo Application with Istio Mesh Expansion</figcaption>
</figure>
<!-- raw HTML omitted -->
<h2 id="before-you-begin">Before you begin</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>Setup Istio by following the instructions in the
<a href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/quick-start/">Installation guide</a>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Deploy the <a href="/v0.8/docs/guides/bookinfo/">Bookinfo</a> sample application (in the <code>bookinfo</code> namespace).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Create a VM named &lsquo;vm-1&rsquo; in the same project as Istio cluster, and <a href="/v0.8/docs/setup/kubernetes/mesh-expansion/">Join the Mesh</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="running-mysql-on-the-vm">Running MySQL on the VM</h2>
<p>We will first install MySQL on the VM, and configure it as a backend for the ratings service.</p>
<p>On the VM:</p>
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ sudo apt-get update &amp;&amp; sudo apt-get install -y mariadb-server
$ sudo mysql
# Grant access to root
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' WITH GRANT OPTION;
quit;
</code></pre><pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ sudo systemctl restart mysql
</code></pre><p>You can find details of configuring MySQL at <a href="https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/download/">Mysql</a>.</p>
<p>On the VM add ratings database to mysql.</p>
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ curl -q https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-0.8/samples/bookinfo/src/mysql/mysqldb-init.sql | mysql -u root -ppassword
</code></pre><p>To make it easy to visually inspect the difference in the output of the Bookinfo application, you can change the ratings that are generated by using the
following commands to inspect the ratings:</p>
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ mysql -u root -ppassword test -e &quot;select * from ratings;&quot;
+----------+--------+
| ReviewID | Rating |
+----------+--------+
| 1 | 5 |
| 2 | 4 |
+----------+--------+
</code></pre><p>and to change the ratings</p>
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ mysql -u root -ppassword test -e &quot;update ratings set rating=1 where reviewid=1;select * from ratings;&quot;
+----------+--------+
| ReviewID | Rating |
+----------+--------+
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 4 |
+----------+--------+
</code></pre><h2 id="find-out-the-ip-address-of-the-vm-that-will-be-used-to-add-it-to-the-mesh">Find out the IP address of the VM that will be used to add it to the mesh</h2>
<p>On the VM:</p>
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ hostname -I
</code></pre><h2 id="registering-the-mysql-service-with-the-mesh">Registering the mysql service with the mesh</h2>
<p>On a host with access to <code>istioctl</code> commands, register the VM and mysql db service</p>
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ istioctl register -n vm mysqldb &lt;ip-address-of-vm&gt; 3306
I1108 20:17:54.256699 40419 register.go:43] Registering for service 'mysqldb' ip '10.150.0.5', ports list [{3306 mysql}]
I1108 20:17:54.256815 40419 register.go:48] 0 labels ([]) and 1 annotations ([alpha.istio.io/kubernetes-serviceaccounts=default])
W1108 20:17:54.573068 40419 register.go:123] Got 'services &quot;mysqldb&quot; not found' looking up svc 'mysqldb' in namespace 'vm', attempting to create it
W1108 20:17:54.816122 40419 register.go:138] Got 'endpoints &quot;mysqldb&quot; not found' looking up endpoints for 'mysqldb' in namespace 'vm', attempting to create them
I1108 20:17:54.886657 40419 register.go:180] No pre existing exact matching ports list found, created new subset {[{10.150.0.5 &lt;nil&gt; nil}] [] [{mysql 3306 }]}
I1108 20:17:54.959744 40419 register.go:191] Successfully updated mysqldb, now with 1 endpoints
</code></pre><p>Note that the &lsquo;mysqldb&rsquo; virtual machine does not need and should not have special Kubernetes privileges.</p>
<h2 id="using-the-mysql-service">Using the mysql service</h2>
<p>The ratings service in bookinfo will use the DB on the machine. To verify that it works, create version 2 of the ratings service that uses the mysql db on the VM. Then specify route rules that force the review service to use the ratings version 2.</p>
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ istioctl kube-inject -n bookinfo -f @samples/bookinfo/kube/bookinfo-ratings-v2-mysql-vm.yaml@ | kubectl apply -n bookinfo -f -
</code></pre><p>Create route rules that will force bookinfo to use the ratings back end:</p>
<pre><code class="language-command" data-lang="command">$ istioctl create -n bookinfo -f @samples/bookinfo/kube/route-rule-ratings-mysql-vm.yaml@
</code></pre><p>You can verify the output of the Bookinfo application is showing 1 star from Reviewer1 and 4 stars from Reviewer2 or change the ratings on your VM and see the
results.</p>
<p>You can also find some troubleshooting and other information in the <a href="https://github.com/istio/istio/blob/release-0.8/samples/rawvm/README.md">RawVM MySQL</a> document in the meantime.</p>
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<a title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href="/v0.8/docs/guides/endpoints/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-left"></i> Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a>
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<li><a href="#find-out-the-ip-address-of-the-vm-that-will-be-used-to-add-it-to-the-mesh">Find out the IP address of the VM that will be used to add it to the mesh</a></li>
<li><a href="#registering-the-mysql-service-with-the-mesh">Registering the mysql service with the mesh</a></li>
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