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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card19 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card19-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card19 role=region id=card19-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card19><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various 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role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Minikube for use with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Download the Istio release and prepare for installation." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/download/>Download</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the flows that best suit your needs and platform." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install and configure an Istio mesh in a Kubernetes cluster for evaluation." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/kubernetes/>Quick Start Evaluation Install</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using a Helm chart." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using Istio Gateway to reach remote pods." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/gateways/>Gateway Connectivity</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/vpn/>VPN Connectivity</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform-specific Instructions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Additional installation flows for the supported Kubernetes platforms." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/>Platform-specific Instructions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes Container Service." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using IBM Cloud Public or IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Information on upgrading Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Important changes operators must understand before upgrading to Istio 1.1." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/notice/>1.1 Upgrade Notice</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/steps/>Upgrade Steps</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Integrate VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/mesh-expansion/>Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Nomad &amp; Consul"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/>Nomad &amp; Consul</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/>Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul-based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/install/>Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card57 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card57-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card57 role=region id=card57-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card57><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Control Ingress Traffic</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Securing Ingress Gateway"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Secure ingress gateway controllers using various approaches." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/>Securing Ingress Gateway</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/mount/>Securing Gateways with HTTPS With a File Mount-Based Approach</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh, over TLS or Mutual TLS, using secret discovery service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/sds/>Securing Gateways with HTTPS Using Secret Discovery Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for HTTP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for TCP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use Authorization permissive mode." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-permissive/>Authorization permissive mode</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to integrate a Vault Certificate Authority with Istio for mutual TLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/vault-ca/>Istio Vault CA Integration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS Deep-Dive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in External CA Key and Certificate</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/health-check/>Citadel Health Checking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable SDS (secret discovery service) for Istio identity provisioning." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/auth-sds/>Provisioning Identity through SDS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/>Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Telemetry><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/>Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access log to their standard output." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy&#39;s Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card72 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card72-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card72 role=region id=card72-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card72><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/endpoints/>Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Illustrates how to use Istio to control a Kubernetes cluster and raw VMs as a single mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/integrating-vms/>Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Edge Traffic Management"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="A variety of advanced examples for managing traffic at the edge (i.e., ingress and egress traffic) of an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/>Edge Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-tls-origination/>TLS Origination for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway/>Configure an Egress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateway with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately.">Configure Egress Traffic using Wildcard Hosts</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>SNI Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/http-proxy/>Connect to an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-certmgr/>Securing Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Service Mesh"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="A variety of fully working multicluster examples for Istio that you can experiment with." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/>Multicluster Service Mesh</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring remote services in a gateway-connected multicluster mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/gateways/>Gateway-Connected Clusters</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Set up a multicluster mesh over two GKE clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Example multicluster mesh over two IBM Cloud Private clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/icp/>IBM Cloud Private</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Multicluster mesh between IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service and IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/iks-icp/>IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service &amp; IBM Cloud Private</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Leveraging Istio's Split-horizon EDS to create a multicluster mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/split-horizon-eds/>Cluster-Aware Service Routing</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card106 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card106-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card106 role=region id=card106-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card106><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting insertion of custom Envoy filters." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's authorization features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/constraints-and-properties/>Constraints and Properties</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using the included Helm chart." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details the Helm chart installation options differences between release-1.0 and release-1.1." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options-changes/>Installation Options Changes</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policies and Telemetry"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Adapters><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Adapters</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that sends metrics to SignalFx." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/signalfx/>SignalFx</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Service Mesh</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer's API." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/mixc/>mixc</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.1/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/examples/ title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with.">Examples</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ title="A variety of advanced examples for managing traffic at the edge (i.e., ingress and egress traffic) of an Istio service mesh.">Edge Traffic Management</a></li><li>Configure Egress Traffic using Wildcard Hosts</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div><h1 id=title>Configure Egress Traffic using Wildcard Hosts</h1><p class=byline><span title="2539 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>12 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Background><a href=#background>Background</a><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure direct traffic to a wildcard host"><a href=#configure-direct-traffic-to-a-wildcard-host>Configure direct traffic to a wildcard host</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Cleanup direct traffic to a wildcard host"><a href=#cleanup-direct-traffic-to-a-wildcard-host>Cleanup direct traffic to a wildcard host</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Configure egress gateway traffic to a wildcard host"><a href=#configure-egress-gateway-traffic-to-a-wildcard-host>Configure egress gateway traffic to a wildcard host</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Wildcard configuration for a single hosting server"><a href=#wildcard-configuration-for-a-single-hosting-server>Wildcard configuration for a single hosting server</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Cleanup wildcard configuration for a single hosting server"><a href=#cleanup-wildcard-configuration-for-a-single-hosting-server>Cleanup wildcard configuration for a single hosting server</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Wildcard configuration for arbitrary domains"><a href=#wildcard-configuration-for-arbitrary-domains>Wildcard configuration for arbitrary domains</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Setup egress gateway with SNI proxy"><a href=#setup-egress-gateway-with-sni-proxy>Setup egress gateway with SNI proxy</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure traffic through egress gateway with SNI proxy"><a href=#configure-traffic-through-egress-gateway-with-sni-proxy>Configure traffic through egress gateway with SNI proxy</a><li role=none aria-label="Cleanup wildcard configuration for arbitrary domains"><a href=#cleanup-wildcard-configuration-for-arbitrary-domains>Cleanup wildcard configuration for arbitrary domains</a></ol></li></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Cleanup><a href=#cleanup>Cleanup</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>The <a href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Control Egress Traffic</a> task and
the <a href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway/>Configure an Egress Gateway</a> example
describe how to configure egress traffic for specific hostnames, like <code>edition.cnn.com</code>.
This example shows how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, for
example <code>*.wikipedia.org</code>, instead of configuring each and every host separately.</p><h2 id=background>Background</h2><p>Suppose you want to enable egress traffic in Istio for the <code>wikipedia.org</code> sites in all languages.
Each version of <code>wikipedia.org</code> in a particular language has its own hostname, e.g., <code>en.wikipedia.org</code> and
<code>de.wikipedia.org</code> in the English and the German languages, respectively.
You want to enable egress traffic by common configuration items for all the <em>wikipedia</em> sites,
without the need to specify every language&rsquo;s site separately.</p><h2 id=before-you-begin>Before you begin</h2><ul><li><p>Setup Istio by following the instructions in the <a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/>Installation guide</a>.</p></li><li><p>Deploy the <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/release-1.1/samples/sleep>sleep</a> sample app to use as a test source for sending requests.
If you have
<a href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/#automatic-sidecar-injection>automatic sidecar injection</a>
enabled, run the following command to deploy the sample app:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.1/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f @samples/sleep/sleep.yaml@
</code></pre></div><p>Otherwise, manually inject the sidecar before deploying the <code>sleep</code> application with the following command:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.1/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f &lt;(istioctl kube-inject -f @samples/sleep/sleep.yaml@)
</code></pre></div><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>You can use any pod with <code>curl</code> installed as a test source.</div></aside></div></li><li><p>Set the <code>SOURCE_POD</code> environment variable to the name of your source pod:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ export SOURCE_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
</code></pre></li></ul><ul><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway/#deploy-istio-egress-gateway>Deploy Istio egress gateway</a>.</li></ul><h2 id=configure-direct-traffic-to-a-wildcard-host>Configure direct traffic to a wildcard host</h2><p>The first, and simplest, way to access a set of hosts within a common domain is by configuring
a simple <code>ServiceEntry</code> with a wildcard host and calling the services directly from the sidecar.
When calling services directly (i.e., not via an egress gateway), the configuration for
a wildcard host is no different than that of any other (e.g., fully qualified) host,
only much more convenient when there are many hosts within the common domain.</p><ol><li><p>Define a <code>ServiceEntry</code> and corresponding <code>VirtualSevice</code> for <code>*.wikipedia.org</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: wikipedia
spec:
hosts:
- &#34;*.wikipedia.org&#34;
ports:
- number: 443
name: tls
protocol: TLS
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: wikipedia
spec:
hosts:
- &#34;*.wikipedia.org&#34;
tls:
- match:
- port: 443
sni_hosts:
- &#34;*.wikipedia.org&#34;
route:
- destination:
host: &#34;*.wikipedia.org&#34;
port:
number: 443
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send HTTPS requests to
<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org>https://en.wikipedia.org</a> and <a href=https://de.wikipedia.org>https://de.wikipedia.org</a>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl exec -it $SOURCE_POD -c sleep -- sh -c &#39;curl -s https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page | grep -o &#34;&lt;title&gt;.*&lt;/title&gt;&#34;; curl -s https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite | grep -o &#34;&lt;title&gt;.*&lt;/title&gt;&#34;&#39;
&lt;title&gt;Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/title&gt;
&lt;title&gt;Wikipedia – Die freie Enzyklopädie&lt;/title&gt;
</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=cleanup-direct-traffic-to-a-wildcard-host>Cleanup direct traffic to a wildcard host</h3><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete serviceentry wikipedia
$ kubectl delete virtualservice wikipedia
</code></pre><h2 id=configure-egress-gateway-traffic-to-a-wildcard-host>Configure egress gateway traffic to a wildcard host</h2><p>The configuration for accessing a wildcard host via an egress gateway depends on whether or not
the set of wildcard domains are served by a single common host.
This is the case for <em>*.wikipedia.org</em>. All of the language-specific sites are served by every
one of the <em>wikipedia.org</em> servers. You can route the traffic to an IP of any <em>*.wikipedia.org</em> site,
including <em>www.wikipedia.org</em>, and it will <a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_hosting>manage to serve</a>
any specific site.</p><p>In the general case, where all the domain names of a wildcard are not served by a single hosting server,
a more complex configuration is required.</p><h3 id=wildcard-configuration-for-a-single-hosting-server>Wildcard configuration for a single hosting server</h3><p>When all wildcard hosts are served by a single server, the configuration for
egress gateway-based access to a wildcard host is very similar to that of any host, with one exception:
the configured route destination will not be the same as the configured host,
i.e., the wildcard. It will instead be configured with the host of the single server for
the set of domains.</p><ol><li><p>Create an egress <code>Gateway</code> for <em>*.wikipedia.org</em>, a destination rule and a virtual service
to direct the traffic through the egress gateway and from the egress gateway to the external service.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: istio-egressgateway
spec:
selector:
istio: egressgateway
servers:
- port:
number: 443
name: tls
protocol: TLS
hosts:
- &#34;*.wikipedia.org&#34;
tls:
mode: PASSTHROUGH
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: egressgateway-for-wikipedia
spec:
host: istio-egressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
subsets:
- name: wikipedia
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: direct-wikipedia-through-egress-gateway
spec:
hosts:
- &#34;*.wikipedia.org&#34;
gateways:
- mesh
- istio-egressgateway
tls:
- match:
- gateways:
- mesh
port: 443
sni_hosts:
- &#34;*.wikipedia.org&#34;
route:
- destination:
host: istio-egressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
subset: wikipedia
port:
number: 443
weight: 100
- match:
- gateways:
- istio-egressgateway
port: 443
sni_hosts:
- &#34;*.wikipedia.org&#34;
route:
- destination:
host: www.wikipedia.org
port:
number: 443
weight: 100
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create a <code>ServiceEntry</code> for the destination server, <em>www.wikipedia.org</em>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: www-wikipedia
spec:
hosts:
- www.wikipedia.org
ports:
- number: 443
name: tls
protocol: TLS
resolution: DNS
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send HTTPS requests to
<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org>https://en.wikipedia.org</a> and <a href=https://de.wikipedia.org>https://de.wikipedia.org</a>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl exec -it $SOURCE_POD -c sleep -- sh -c &#39;curl -s https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page | grep -o &#34;&lt;title&gt;.*&lt;/title&gt;&#34;; curl -s https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite | grep -o &#34;&lt;title&gt;.*&lt;/title&gt;&#34;&#39;
&lt;title&gt;Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/title&gt;
&lt;title&gt;Wikipedia – Die freie Enzyklopädie&lt;/title&gt;
</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the statistics of the egress gateway&rsquo;s proxy for the counter that corresponds to your
requests to <em>*.wikipedia.org</em>. If Istio is deployed in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace, the command to print the
counter is:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl exec -it $(kubectl get pod -l istio=egressgateway -n istio-system -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[0].metadata.name}&#39;) -c istio-proxy -n istio-system -- curl -s localhost:15000/stats | grep www.wikipedia.org.upstream_cx_total
cluster.outbound|443||www.wikipedia.org.upstream_cx_total: 2
</code></pre></li></ol><h4 id=cleanup-wildcard-configuration-for-a-single-hosting-server>Cleanup wildcard configuration for a single hosting server</h4><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete serviceentry www-wikipedia
$ kubectl delete gateway istio-egressgateway
$ kubectl delete virtualservice direct-wikipedia-through-egress-gateway
$ kubectl delete destinationrule egressgateway-for-wikipedia
</code></pre><h3 id=wildcard-configuration-for-arbitrary-domains>Wildcard configuration for arbitrary domains</h3><p>The configuration in the previous section worked because all the <em>*.wikipedia.org</em> sites can
be served by any one of the <em>wikipedia.org</em> servers. However, this is not always the case.
For example, you may want to configure egress control for access to more general
wildcard domains like <code>*.com</code> or <code>*.org</code>.</p><p>Configuring traffic to arbitrary wildcard domains introduces a challenge for Istio gateways. In the previous section
you directed the traffic to <em>www.wikipedia.org</em>, which was made known to your gateway during configuration.
The gateway, however, would not know the IP address of any arbitrary host it receives in a request.
This is due to a limitation of <a href=https://www.envoyproxy.io>Envoy</a>, the proxy used by the default Istio egress gateway.
Envoy routes traffic either to predefined hosts, predefined IP addresses, or to the original destination IP address of
the request. In the gateway case, the original destination IP of the request is lost since the request is first routed
to the egress gateway and its destination IP address is the IP address of the gateway.</p><p>Consequently, the Istio gateway based on Envoy cannot route traffic to an arbitrary host that is not preconfigured,
and therefore is unable to perform traffic control for arbitrary wildcard domains.
To enable such traffic control for HTTPS, and for any TLS, you need to deploy an SNI forward proxy in addition to Envoy.
Envoy will route the requests destined for a wildcard domain to the SNI forward proxy, which, in turn, will forward the
requests to the destination specified by the SNI value.</p><p>The egress gateway with SNI proxy and the related parts of the Istio architecture are shown in the following diagram:</p><figure style=width:80%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:57.89069354166138%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/wildcard-egress-hosts/./EgressGatewayWithSNIProxy.svg title="Egress Gateway with SNI proxy"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/wildcard-egress-hosts/./EgressGatewayWithSNIProxy.svg alt="Egress Gateway with SNI proxy"></a></div><figcaption>Egress Gateway with SNI proxy</figcaption></figure><p>The following sections show you how to redeploy the egress gateway with an SNI proxy and then configure Istio to route
HTTPS traffic through the gateway to arbitrary wildcard domains.</p><h4 id=setup-egress-gateway-with-sni-proxy>Setup egress gateway with SNI proxy</h4><p>In this section you deploy an egress gateway with an SNI proxy in addition to the standard Istio Envoy proxy.
This example uses <a href=http://nginx.org>Nginx</a> for the SNI proxy, although any SNI proxy that is capable of routing traffic
according to arbitrary, not-preconfigured, SNI values would do.
The SNI proxy will listen on port <code>8443</code>, although you can use any port other than the ports specified for
the egress <code>Gateway</code> and for the <code>VirtualServices</code> bound to it.
The SNI proxy will forward the traffic to port <code>443</code>.</p><ol><li><p>Create a configuration file for the Nginx SNI proxy. You may want to edit the file to specify additional Nginx
settings, if required. Note that the <code>listen</code> directive of the <code>server</code> specifies port <code>8443</code>, its <code>proxy_pass</code>
directive uses <code>ssl_preread_server_name</code> with port <code>443</code> and <code>ssl_preread</code> is <code>on</code> to enable <code>SNI</code> reading.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF &gt; ./sni-proxy.conf
user www-data;
events {
}
stream {
log_format log_stream &#39;\$remote_addr [\$time_local] \$protocol [\$ssl_preread_server_name]&#39;
&#39;\$status \$bytes_sent \$bytes_received \$session_time&#39;;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log log_stream;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
# tcp forward proxy by SNI
server {
resolver 8.8.8.8 ipv6=off;
listen 127.0.0.1:8443;
proxy_pass \$ssl_preread_server_name:443;
ssl_preread on;
}
}
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create a Kubernetes <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/configure-pod-configmap/>ConfigMap</a>
to hold the configuration of the Nginx SNI proxy:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl create configmap egress-sni-proxy-configmap -n istio-system --from-file=nginx.conf=./sni-proxy.conf
</code></pre></li><li><p>The following command will generate <code>istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy.yaml</code> which you can optionally edit and then deploy.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | helm template install/kubernetes/helm/istio/ --name istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy --namespace istio-system -x charts/gateways/templates/deployment.yaml -x charts/gateways/templates/service.yaml -x charts/gateways/templates/serviceaccount.yaml -x charts/gateways/templates/autoscale.yaml -x charts/gateways/templates/clusterrole.yaml -x charts/gateways/templates/clusterrolebindings.yaml --set global.istioNamespace=istio-system -f - &gt; ./istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy.yaml
gateways:
enabled: true
istio-ingressgateway:
enabled: false
istio-egressgateway:
enabled: false
istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy:
enabled: true
labels:
app: istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
istio: egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
replicaCount: 1
autoscaleMin: 1
autoscaleMax: 5
cpu:
targetAverageUtilization: 80
serviceAnnotations: {}
type: ClusterIP
ports:
- port: 443
name: https
secretVolumes:
- name: egressgateway-certs
secretName: istio-egressgateway-certs
mountPath: /etc/istio/egressgateway-certs
- name: egressgateway-ca-certs
secretName: istio-egressgateway-ca-certs
mountPath: /etc/istio/egressgateway-ca-certs
configVolumes:
- name: sni-proxy-config
configMapName: egress-sni-proxy-configmap
additionalContainers:
- name: sni-proxy
image: nginx
volumeMounts:
- name: sni-proxy-config
mountPath: /etc/nginx
readOnly: true
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Deploy the new egress gateway:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f ./istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy.yaml
serviceaccount &#34;istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy-service-account&#34; created
clusterrole &#34;istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy-istio-system&#34; created
clusterrolebinding &#34;istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy-istio-system&#34; created
service &#34;istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy&#34; created
deployment &#34;istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy&#34; created
horizontalpodautoscaler &#34;istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy&#34; created
</code></pre></li><li><p>Verify that the new egress gateway is running. Note that the pod has two containers (one is the Envoy proxy and the
second one is the SNI proxy).</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl get pod -l istio=egressgateway-with-sni-proxy -n istio-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy-79f6744569-pf9t2 2/2 Running 0 17s
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create a service entry with a static address equal to 127.0.0.1 (<code>localhost</code>), and disable mutual TLS for traffic directed to the new
service entry:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl apply -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: sni-proxy
spec:
hosts:
- sni-proxy.local
location: MESH_EXTERNAL
ports:
- number: 8443
name: tcp
protocol: TCP
resolution: STATIC
endpoints:
- address: 127.0.0.1
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: disable-mtls-for-sni-proxy
spec:
host: sni-proxy.local
trafficPolicy:
tls:
mode: DISABLE
EOF
</code></pre></li></ol><h4 id=configure-traffic-through-egress-gateway-with-sni-proxy>Configure traffic through egress gateway with SNI proxy</h4><ol><li><p>Define a <code>ServiceEntry</code> for <code>*.wikipedia.org</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl create -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: ServiceEntry
metadata:
name: wikipedia
spec:
hosts:
- &#34;*.wikipedia.org&#34;
ports:
- number: 443
name: tls
protocol: TLS
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create an egress <code>Gateway</code> for <em>*.wikipedia.org</em>, port 443, protocol TLS, and a virtual service to direct the
traffic destined for <em>*.wikipedia.org</em> through the gateway.</p><p>Choose the instructions corresponding to whether or not you want to enable
<a href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/>mutual TLS Authentication</a> between the source pod and the egress gateway.</p><div><aside class="callout idea"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#callout-idea"/></svg></div><div class=content>You may want to enable mutual TLS to let the egress gateway monitor the identity of the source pods and to enable Mixer policy enforcement based on that identity.</div></aside></div><div id=tabset-docs-examples-advanced-gateways-wildcard-egress-hosts-1 role=tablist class=tabset><div class=tab-strip data-cookie-name=mtls><button aria-selected=true data-cookie-value=enabled aria-controls=tabset-docs-examples-advanced-gateways-wildcard-egress-hosts-1-0-panel id=tabset-docs-examples-advanced-gateways-wildcard-egress-hosts-1-0-tab role=tab><span>mutual TLS enabled</span>
</button><button tabindex=-1 data-cookie-value=disabled aria-controls=tabset-docs-examples-advanced-gateways-wildcard-egress-hosts-1-1-panel id=tabset-docs-examples-advanced-gateways-wildcard-egress-hosts-1-1-tab role=tab><span>mutual TLS disabled</span></button></div><div class=tab-content><div id=tabset-docs-examples-advanced-gateways-wildcard-egress-hosts-1-0-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-docs-examples-advanced-gateways-wildcard-egress-hosts-1-0-tab><pre><code class=language-bash>$ kubectl apply -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
spec:
selector:
istio: egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
servers:
- port:
number: 443
name: tls-egress
protocol: TLS
hosts:
- &quot;*.wikipedia.org&quot;
tls:
mode: MUTUAL
serverCertificate: /etc/certs/cert-chain.pem
privateKey: /etc/certs/key.pem
caCertificates: /etc/certs/root-cert.pem
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: egressgateway-for-wikipedia
spec:
host: istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
trafficPolicy:
loadBalancer:
simple: ROUND_ROBIN
portLevelSettings:
- port:
number: 443
tls:
mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL
subsets:
- name: wikipedia
trafficPolicy:
loadBalancer:
simple: ROUND_ROBIN
portLevelSettings:
- port:
number: 443
tls:
mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: direct-wikipedia-through-egress-gateway
spec:
hosts:
- &quot;*.wikipedia.org&quot;
gateways:
- mesh
- istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
tls:
- match:
- gateways:
- mesh
port: 443
sni_hosts:
- &quot;*.wikipedia.org&quot;
route:
- destination:
host: istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
subset: wikipedia
port:
number: 443
weight: 100
tcp:
- match:
- gateways:
- istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
port: 443
route:
- destination:
host: sni-proxy.local
port:
number: 8443
weight: 100
---
# The following filter is used to forward the original SNI (sent by the application) as the SNI of the mutual TLS
# connection.
# The forwarded SNI will be reported to Mixer so that policies will be enforced based on the original SNI value.
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: EnvoyFilter
metadata:
name: forward-downstream-sni
spec:
filters:
- listenerMatch:
portNumber: 443
listenerType: SIDECAR_OUTBOUND
filterName: forward_downstream_sni
filterType: NETWORK
filterConfig: {}
---
# The following filter verifies that the SNI of the mutual TLS connection (the SNI reported to Mixer) is
# identical to the original SNI issued by the application (the SNI used for routing by the SNI proxy).
# The filter prevents Mixer from being deceived by a malicious application: routing to one SNI while
# reporting some other value of SNI. If the original SNI does not match the SNI of the mutual TLS connection, the
# filter will block the connection to the external service.
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: EnvoyFilter
metadata:
name: egress-gateway-sni-verifier
spec:
workloadLabels:
app: istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
filters:
- listenerMatch:
portNumber: 443
listenerType: GATEWAY
filterName: sni_verifier
filterType: NETWORK
filterConfig: {}
EOF
</code></pre></div><div hidden id=tabset-docs-examples-advanced-gateways-wildcard-egress-hosts-1-1-panel role=tabpanel tabindex=0 aria-labelledby=tabset-docs-examples-advanced-gateways-wildcard-egress-hosts-1-1-tab><pre><code class=language-bash>$ kubectl apply -f - &lt;&lt;EOF
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
spec:
selector:
istio: egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
servers:
- port:
number: 443
name: tls
protocol: TLS
hosts:
- &quot;*.wikipedia.org&quot;
tls:
mode: PASSTHROUGH
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: DestinationRule
metadata:
name: egressgateway-for-wikipedia
spec:
host: istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
subsets:
- name: wikipedia
---
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: direct-wikipedia-through-egress-gateway
spec:
hosts:
- &quot;*.wikipedia.org&quot;
gateways:
- mesh
- istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
tls:
- match:
- gateways:
- mesh
port: 443
sni_hosts:
- &quot;*.wikipedia.org&quot;
route:
- destination:
host: istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy.istio-system.svc.cluster.local
subset: wikipedia
port:
number: 443
weight: 100
- match:
- gateways:
- istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
port: 443
sni_hosts:
- &quot;*.wikipedia.org&quot;
route:
- destination:
host: sni-proxy.local
port:
number: 8443
weight: 100
EOF
</code></pre></div></div></div></li><li><p>Send HTTPS requests to
<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org>https://en.wikipedia.org</a> and <a href=https://de.wikipedia.org>https://de.wikipedia.org</a>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl exec -it $SOURCE_POD -c sleep -- sh -c &#39;curl -s https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page | grep -o &#34;&lt;title&gt;.*&lt;/title&gt;&#34;; curl -s https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Hauptseite | grep -o &#34;&lt;title&gt;.*&lt;/title&gt;&#34;&#39;
&lt;title&gt;Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia&lt;/title&gt;
&lt;title&gt;Wikipedia – Die freie Enzyklopädie&lt;/title&gt;
</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the log of the egress gateway&rsquo;s Envoy proxy. If Istio is deployed in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace, the command to
print the log is:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl logs -l istio=egressgateway-with-sni-proxy -c istio-proxy -n istio-system
</code></pre><p>You should see lines similar to the following:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true>[2019-01-02T16:34:23.312Z] &#34;- - -&#34; 0 - 578 79141 624 - &#34;-&#34; &#34;-&#34; &#34;-&#34; &#34;-&#34; &#34;127.0.0.1:8443&#34; outbound|8443||sni-proxy.local 127.0.0.1:55018 172.30.109.84:443 172.30.109.112:45346 en.wikipedia.org
[2019-01-02T16:34:24.079Z] &#34;- - -&#34; 0 - 586 65770 638 - &#34;-&#34; &#34;-&#34; &#34;-&#34; &#34;-&#34; &#34;127.0.0.1:8443&#34; outbound|8443||sni-proxy.local 127.0.0.1:55034 172.30.109.84:443 172.30.109.112:45362 de.wikipedia.org
</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the logs of the SNI proxy. If Istio is deployed in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace, the command to print the
log is:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl logs -l istio=egressgateway-with-sni-proxy -n istio-system -c sni-proxy
127.0.0.1 [01/Aug/2018:15:32:02 +0000] TCP [en.wikipedia.org]200 81513 280 0.600
127.0.0.1 [01/Aug/2018:15:32:03 +0000] TCP [de.wikipedia.org]200 67745 291 0.659
</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the mixer log. If Istio is deployed in the <code>istio-system</code> namespace, the command to print the
log is:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl -n istio-system logs -l istio-mixer-type=telemetry -c mixer | grep &#39;&#34;connectionEvent&#34;:&#34;open&#34;&#39; | grep &#39;&#34;sourceName&#34;:&#34;istio-egressgateway&#39; | grep &#39;wikipedia.org&#39;
{&#34;level&#34;:&#34;info&#34;,&#34;time&#34;:&#34;2018-08-26T16:16:34.784571Z&#34;,&#34;instance&#34;:&#34;tcpaccesslog.logentry.istio-system&#34;,&#34;connectionDuration&#34;:&#34;0s&#34;,&#34;connectionEvent&#34;:&#34;open&#34;,&#34;connection_security_policy&#34;:&#34;unknown&#34;,&#34;destinationApp&#34;:&#34;&#34;,&#34;destinationIp&#34;:&#34;127.0.0.1&#34;,&#34;destinationName&#34;:&#34;unknown&#34;,&#34;destinationNamespace&#34;:&#34;default&#34;,&#34;destinationOwner&#34;:&#34;unknown&#34;,&#34;destinationPrincipal&#34;:&#34;cluster.local/ns/istio-system/sa/istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy-service-account&#34;,&#34;destinationServiceHost&#34;:&#34;&#34;,&#34;destinationWorkload&#34;:&#34;unknown&#34;,&#34;protocol&#34;:&#34;tcp&#34;,&#34;receivedBytes&#34;:298,&#34;reporter&#34;:&#34;source&#34;,&#34;requestedServerName&#34;:&#34;en.wikipedia.org&#34;,&#34;sentBytes&#34;:0,&#34;sourceApp&#34;:&#34;istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy&#34;,&#34;sourceIp&#34;:&#34;172.30.146.88&#34;,&#34;sourceName&#34;:&#34;istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy-7c4f7868fb-rc8pr&#34;,&#34;sourceNamespace&#34;:&#34;istio-system&#34;,&#34;sourceOwner&#34;:&#34;kubernetes://apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/istio-system/deployments/istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy&#34;,&#34;sourcePrincipal&#34;:&#34;cluster.local/ns/sleep/sa/default&#34;,&#34;sourceWorkload&#34;:&#34;istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy&#34;,&#34;totalReceivedBytes&#34;:298,&#34;totalSentBytes&#34;:0}
</code></pre><p>Note the <code>requestedServerName</code> attribute.</p></li></ol><h4 id=cleanup-wildcard-configuration-for-arbitrary-domains>Cleanup wildcard configuration for arbitrary domains</h4><ol><li><p>Delete the configuration items for <em>*.wikipedia.org</em>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete serviceentry wikipedia
$ kubectl delete gateway istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy
$ kubectl delete virtualservice direct-wikipedia-through-egress-gateway
$ kubectl delete destinationrule egressgateway-for-wikipedia
$ kubectl delete --ignore-not-found=true envoyfilter forward-downstream-sni egress-gateway-sni-verifier
</code></pre></li><li><p>Delete the configuration items for the <code>egressgateway-with-sni-proxy</code> <code>Deployment</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete serviceentry sni-proxy
$ kubectl delete destinationrule disable-mtls-for-sni-proxy
$ kubectl delete -f ./istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy.yaml
$ kubectl delete configmap egress-sni-proxy-configmap -n istio-system
</code></pre></li><li><p>Remove the configuration files you created:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ rm ./istio-egressgateway-with-sni-proxy.yaml
$ rm ./sni-proxy.conf
</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=cleanup>Cleanup</h2><p>Shutdown the <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/release-1.1/samples/sleep>sleep</a> service:</p><div><a data-skipendnotes=true style=display:none href=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/istio/istio/release-1.1/samples/sleep/sleep.yaml>Zip</a><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete -f @samples/sleep/sleep.yaml@
</code></pre></div><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2019/egress-performance/>Egress Gateway Performance Investigation</a></p><p class=desc>Verifies the performance impact of adding an egress gateway.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2018/egress-mongo/>Consuming External MongoDB Services</a></p><p class=desc>Describes a simple scenario based on Istio&#39;s Bookinfo example.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2018/egress-monitoring-access-control/>Monitoring and Access Policies for HTTP Egress Traffic</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure Istio for monitoring and access policies of HTTP egress traffic.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2018/egress-tcp/>Consuming External TCP Services</a></p><p class=desc>Describes a simple scenario based on Istio&#39;s Bookinfo example.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2018/egress-https/>Consuming External Web Services</a></p><p class=desc>Describes a simple scenario based on Istio&#39;s Bookinfo example.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway/>Configure an Egress Gateway</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway-tls-origination/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Egress Gateway with TLS Origination</a></div><div class=right><a title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>SNI Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress Traffic<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label=Background><a href=#background>Background</a><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure direct traffic to a wildcard host"><a href=#configure-direct-traffic-to-a-wildcard-host>Configure direct traffic to a wildcard host</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Cleanup direct traffic to a wildcard host"><a href=#cleanup-direct-traffic-to-a-wildcard-host>Cleanup direct traffic to a wildcard host</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Configure egress gateway traffic to a wildcard host"><a href=#configure-egress-gateway-traffic-to-a-wildcard-host>Configure egress gateway traffic to a wildcard host</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Wildcard configuration for a single hosting server"><a href=#wildcard-configuration-for-a-single-hosting-server>Wildcard configuration for a single hosting server</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Cleanup wildcard configuration for a single hosting server"><a href=#cleanup-wildcard-configuration-for-a-single-hosting-server>Cleanup wildcard configuration for a single hosting server</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Wildcard configuration for arbitrary domains"><a href=#wildcard-configuration-for-arbitrary-domains>Wildcard configuration for arbitrary domains</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Setup egress gateway with SNI proxy"><a href=#setup-egress-gateway-with-sni-proxy>Setup egress gateway with SNI proxy</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure traffic through egress gateway with SNI proxy"><a href=#configure-traffic-through-egress-gateway-with-sni-proxy>Configure traffic through egress gateway with SNI proxy</a><li role=none aria-label="Cleanup wildcard configuration for arbitrary domains"><a href=#cleanup-wildcard-configuration-for-arbitrary-domains>Cleanup wildcard configuration for arbitrary domains</a></ol></li></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Cleanup><a href=#cleanup>Cleanup</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.1.9 now" href=https://github.com/istio/istio/releases/tag/1.1.9 aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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