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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card19 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card19-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card19 role=region id=card19-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card19><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/policies-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces performance and scalability for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how a service mesh can be configured to include services from more than one cluster." href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/multicluster-deployments/>Multicluster Deployments</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card39 title="How to deploy and upgrade Istio in various environments such as Kubernetes and Consul." aria-controls=card39-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card39 role=region id=card39-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card39><li role=treeitem aria-label=Kubernetes><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes and adding virtual machines into the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Prepare><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Getting ready for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/>Prepare</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker For Desktop for use with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/docker/>Docker For Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Minikube for use with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/prepare/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Download the Istio release and prepare for installation." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/download/>Download</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the flows that best suit your needs and platform." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install and configure an Istio mesh in a Kubernetes cluster for evaluation." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/kubernetes/>Quick Start Evaluation Install</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using a Helm chart." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using Istio Gateway to reach remote pods." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/gateways/>Gateway Connectivity</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/multicluster/vpn/>VPN Connectivity</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform-specific Instructions"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Additional installation flows for the supported Kubernetes platforms." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/>Platform-specific Instructions</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes Container Service." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using the Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio using IBM Cloud Public or IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/install/platform/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Information on upgrading Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Important changes operators must understand before upgrading to Istio 1.1." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/notice/>1.1 Upgrade Notice</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane and data plane independently." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/upgrade/steps/>Upgrade Steps</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Integrate VMs and bare metal hosts into an Istio mesh deployed on Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/kubernetes/additional-setup/mesh-expansion/>Mesh Expansion</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Nomad &amp; Consul"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/>Nomad &amp; Consul</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Quick Start instructions to setup the Istio service mesh with Docker Compose." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/quick-start/>Quick Start on Docker</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane in a Consul-based environment, with or without Nomad." href=/v1.1/docs/setup/consul/install/>Installation</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card57 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card57-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card57 role=region id=card57-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card57><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Configuring Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Setting Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Control Ingress Traffic</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Securing Ingress Gateway"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Secure ingress gateway controllers using various approaches." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/>Securing Ingress Gateway</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/mount/>Securing Gateways with HTTPS With a File Mount-Based Approach</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh, over TLS or Mutual TLS, using secret discovery service.">Securing Gateways with HTTPS Using Secret Discovery Service</span></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Control Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for HTTP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for TCP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to use Authorization permissive mode." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-permissive/>Authorization permissive mode</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to integrate a Vault Certificate Authority with Istio for mutual TLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/vault-ca/>Istio Vault CA Integration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS Deep-Dive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in External CA Key and Certificate</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/health-check/>Citadel Health Checking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable SDS (secret discovery service) for Istio identity provisioning." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/auth-sds/>Provisioning Identity through SDS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/https-overlay/>Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Telemetry><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/>Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access log to their standard output." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy&#39;s Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/telemetry/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card72 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card72-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card72 role=region id=card72-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card72><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/endpoints/>Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Illustrates how to use Istio to control a Kubernetes cluster and raw VMs as a single mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/integrating-vms/>Integrating Virtual Machines</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Edge Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="A variety of advanced examples for managing traffic at the edge (i.e., ingress and egress traffic) of an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/>Edge Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-tls-origination/>TLS Origination for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway/>Configure an Egress Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateway with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Configure Egress Traffic using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>SNI Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/http-proxy/>Connect to an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-certmgr/>Securing Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Service Mesh"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="A variety of fully working multicluster examples for Istio that you can experiment with." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/>Multicluster Service Mesh</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuring remote services in a gateway-connected multicluster mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/gateways/>Gateway-Connected Clusters</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Set up a multicluster mesh over two GKE clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Example multicluster mesh over two IBM Cloud Private clusters." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/icp/>IBM Cloud Private</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Multicluster mesh between IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service and IBM Cloud Private." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/iks-icp/>IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service &amp; IBM Cloud Private</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Leveraging Istio's Split-horizon EDS to create a multicluster mesh." href=/v1.1/docs/examples/multicluster/split-horizon-eds/>Cluster-Aware Service Routing</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card106 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card106-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card106 role=region id=card106-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card106><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting insertion of custom Envoy filters." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/networking/v1alpha3/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's authorization features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/constraints-and-properties/>Constraints and Properties</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/authorization/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using the included Helm chart." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Details the Helm chart installation options differences between release-1.0 and release-1.1." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/installation-options-changes/>Installation Options Changes</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policies and Telemetry"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Adapters><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Adapters</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that sends metrics to SignalFx." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/signalfx/>SignalFx</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Service Mesh</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Utility to trigger direct calls to Mixer's API." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/mixc/>mixc</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.1/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.1/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/ title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system.">Tasks</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features.">Traffic Management</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/ title="Secure ingress gateway controllers using various approaches.">Securing Ingress Gateway</a></li><li>Securing Gateways with HTTPS Using Secret Discovery Service</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div><h1 id=title>Securing Gateways with HTTPS Using Secret Discovery Service</h1><p class=byline><span title="1989 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span>&nbsp;</span>10 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><li role=none aria-label="Generate client and server certificates and keys"><a href=#generate-client-and-server-certificates-and-keys>Generate client and server certificates and keys</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure a TLS ingress gateway using SDS"><a href=#configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-using-sds>Configure a TLS ingress gateway using SDS</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Configure a TLS ingress gateway for a single host"><a href=#configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-a-single-host>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for a single host</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure a TLS ingress gateway for multiple hosts"><a href=#configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-multiple-hosts>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for multiple hosts</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure a mutual TLS ingress gateway"><a href=#configure-a-mutual-tls-ingress-gateway>Configure a mutual TLS ingress gateway</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Troubleshooting><a href=#troubleshooting>Troubleshooting</a><li role=none aria-label=Cleanup><a href=#cleanup>Cleanup</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>The <a href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress>Control Ingress Traffic task</a>
describes how to configure an ingress gateway to expose an HTTP endpoint of a
service to external traffic. This task shows how to do it but using
HTTPS access to the service with either simple or mutual TLS. The private key,
server certificate, and root certificate required in mutual TLS are
configured using Secret Discovery Service (SDS).</p><h2 id=before-you-begin>Before you begin</h2><ol><li><p>Perform the steps in the <a href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a>
and <a href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress#determining-the-ingress-ip-and-ports>Determining the ingress IP and ports</a>
sections of the <a href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress>Control Ingress Traffic</a> task. After performing
those steps you should have Istio and the <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/tree/release-1.1/samples/httpbin>httpbin</a> service deployed,
and the environment variables <code>INGRESS_HOST</code> and <code>SECURE_INGRESS_PORT</code> set.</p></li><li><p>For macOS users, verify that you use <code>curl</code> compiled with the <a href=http://www.libressl.org>LibreSSL</a> library:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ curl --version | grep LibreSSL
curl 7.54.0 (x86_64-apple-darwin17.0) libcurl/7.54.0 LibreSSL/2.0.20 zlib/1.2.11 nghttp2/1.24.0
</code></pre><p>If the previous command outputs a version of LibreSSL as shown, your <code>curl</code> command
should work correctly with the instructions in this task. Otherwise, try
a different implementation of <code>curl</code>, for example on a Linux machine.</p></li></ol><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>If you configured an ingress gateway using the <a href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/mount>file mount-based approach</a>,
and you want to migrate your ingress gateway to use the SDS approach. There are no
extra steps required.</div></aside></div><h2 id=generate-client-and-server-certificates-and-keys>Generate client and server certificates and keys</h2><p>For this task you can use your favorite tool to generate certificates and keys.
This example uses <a href=https://github.com/nicholasjackson/mtls-go-example/blob/master/generate.sh>a script</a>
from the <a href=https://github.com/nicholasjackson/mtls-go-example>https://github.com/nicholasjackson/mtls-go-example</a> repository.</p><ol><li><p>Clone the <a href=https://github.com/nicholasjackson/mtls-go-example>example&rsquo;s repository</a>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ git clone https://github.com/nicholasjackson/mtls-go-example
</code></pre></li><li><p>Go to the cloned repository:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ pushd mtls-go-example
</code></pre></li><li><p>Generate the certificates for <code>httpbin.example.com</code>. Replace <code>password</code> with
any value in the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ ./generate.sh httpbin.example.com password
</code></pre><p>When prompted, answer <code>y</code> to all the questions. The command generates
four directories: <code>1_root</code>, <code>2_intermediate</code>, <code>3_application</code>, and
<code>4_client</code> containing the client and server certificates to use in the
procedures below.</p></li><li><p>Move the certificates into a directory named <code>httpbin.example.com</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ mkdir ~+1/httpbin.example.com &amp;&amp; mv 1_root 2_intermediate 3_application 4_client ~+1/httpbin.example.com
</code></pre></li><li><p>Go back to your previous directory:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ popd
</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-using-sds>Configure a TLS ingress gateway using SDS</h2><p>You can configure a TLS ingress gateway to fetch credentials
from the ingress gateway agent via secret discovery service (SDS). The ingress
gateway agent runs in the same pod as the ingress gateway and watches the
credentials created in the same namespace as the ingress gateway. Enabling SDS
at ingress gateway brings the following benefits.</p><ul><li><p>The ingress gateway can dynamically add, delete, or update its
key/certificate pairs and its root certificate. You do not have to restart the ingress
gateway.</p></li><li><p>No secret volume mount is needed. Once you create a <code>kubernetes</code>
secret, that secret is captured by the gateway agent and sent to ingress gateway
as key/certificate or root certificate.</p></li><li><p>The gateway agent can watch multiple key/certificate pairs. You only
need to create secrets for multiple hosts and update the gateway definitions.</p></li></ul><ol><li><p>Enable SDS at ingress gateway and deploy the ingress gateway agent.
Since this feature is disabled by default, you need to enable the
<a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/blob/release-1.1/install/kubernetes/helm/istio/charts/gateways/values.yaml><code>istio-ingressgateway.sds.enabled</code> flag</a> in helm,
and then generate the <code>istio-ingressgateway.yaml</code> file:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ helm template install/kubernetes/helm/istio/ --name istio \
--namespace istio-system -x charts/gateways/templates/deployment.yaml \
--set gateways.istio-egressgateway.enabled=false \
--set gateways.istio-ingressgateway.sds.enabled=true &gt; \
$HOME/istio-ingressgateway.yaml
$ kubectl apply -f $HOME/istio-ingressgateway.yaml
</code></pre></li><li><p>Set the environment variables <code>INGRESS_HOST</code> and <code>SECURE_INGRESS_PORT</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ export SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n istio-system \
get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath=&#39;{.spec.ports[?(@.name==&#34;https&#34;)].port}&#39;)
$ export INGRESS_HOST=$(kubectl -n istio-system \
get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath=&#39;{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}&#39;)
</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-a-single-host>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for a single host</h3><ol><li><p>Start the <code>httpbin</code> sample:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: httpbin
labels:
app: httpbin
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 8000
selector:
app: httpbin
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: httpbin
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: httpbin
version: v1
spec:
containers:
- image: docker.io/citizenstig/httpbin
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: httpbin
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create a secret for the ingress gateway:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret generic httpbin-credential \
--from-file=key=httpbin.example.com/3_application/private/httpbin.example.com.key.pem \
--from-file=cert=httpbin.example.com/3_application/certs/httpbin.example.com.cert.pem
</code></pre></li><li><p>Define a gateway with a <code>servers:</code> section for port 443, and specify values for
<code>credentialName</code> to be <code>httpbin-credential</code>. The values are the same as the
secret&rsquo;s name. The TLS mode should have the value of <code>SIMPLE</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: mygateway
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway
servers:
- port:
number: 443
name: https
protocol: HTTPS
tls:
mode: SIMPLE
credentialName: &#34;httpbin-credential&#34; # must be the same as secret
hosts:
- &#34;httpbin.example.com&#34;
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Configure the gateway&rsquo;s ingress traffic routes. Define the corresponding
virtual service.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: httpbin
spec:
hosts:
- &#34;httpbin.example.com&#34;
gateways:
- mygateway
http:
- match:
- uri:
prefix: /status
- uri:
prefix: /delay
route:
- destination:
port:
number: 8000
host: httpbin
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send an HTTPS request to access the <code>httpbin</code> service through HTTPS:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com \
--resolve httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST \
--cacert httpbin.example.com/2_intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem \
https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418
</code></pre><p>The <code>httpbin</code> service will return the
<a href=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7168#section-2.3.3>418 I&rsquo;m a Teapot</a> code.</p></li><li><p>Delete the gateway&rsquo;s secret and create a new one to change the ingress
gateway&rsquo;s credentials.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl -n istio-system delete secret httpbin-credential
</code></pre><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ pushd mtls-go-example
$ ./generate.sh httpbin.example.com &lt;password&gt;
$ mkdir ~+1/httpbin.new.example.com &amp;&amp; mv 1_root 2_intermediate \
3_application 4_client ~+1/httpbin.new.example.com
$ popd
$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret generic httpbin-credential \
--from-file=key=httpbin.new.example.com/3_application/private/httpbin.example.com.key.pem \
--from-file=cert=httpbin.new.example.com/3_application/certs/httpbin.example.com.cert.pem
</code></pre></li><li><p>Access the <code>httpbin</code> service using <code>curl</code></p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com \
--resolve httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST \
--cacert httpbin.new.example.com/2_intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem \
https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418
...
HTTP/2 418
...
-=[ teapot ]=-
_...._
.&#39; _ _ `.
| .&#34;` ^ `&#34;. _,
\_;`&#34;---&#34;`|//
| ;/
\_ _/
`&#34;&#34;&#34;`
</code></pre></li><li><p>If you try to access <code>httpbin</code> with the previous certificate chain, the attempt now fails.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com \
--resolve httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST \
--cacert httpbin.example.com/2_intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem \
https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418
...
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS alert, Server hello (2):
* SSL certificate problem: unable to get local issuer certificate
</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-multiple-hosts>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for multiple hosts</h3><p>You can configure an ingress gateway for multiple hosts,
<code>httpbin.example.com</code> and <code>helloworld-v1.example.com</code>, for example. The ingress gateway
retrieves unique credentials corresponding to a specific <code>credentialName</code>.</p><ol><li><p>Start the <code>helloworld-v1</code> sample</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: helloworld-v1
labels:
app: helloworld-v1
spec:
ports:
- name: http
port: 8000
selector:
app: helloworld-v1
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: helloworld-v1
spec:
replicas: 1
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: helloworld-v1
spec:
containers:
- name: helloworld
image: istio/examples-helloworld-v1
resources:
requests:
cpu: &#34;100m&#34;
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent #Always
ports:
- containerPort: 5000
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Create a secret for the ingress gateway. If you created the <code>httpbin-credential</code>
secret already, you can now create the <code>helloworld-credential</code> secret.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ pushd mtls-go-example
$ ./generate.sh helloworld-v1.example.com &lt;password&gt;
$ mkdir ~+1/helloworld-v1.example.com &amp;&amp; mv 1_root 2_intermediate \
3_application 4_client ~+1/helloworld-v1.example.com
$ popd
$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret generic helloworld-credential \
--from-file=key=helloworld-v1.example.com/3_application/private/helloworld-v1.example.com.key.pem \
--from-file=cert=helloworld-v1.example.com/3_application/certs/helloworld-v1.example.com.cert.pem
</code></pre></li><li><p>Define a gateway with two server sections for port 443. Set the value of
<code>credentialName</code> on each port to <code>httpbin-credential</code> and <code>helloworld-credential</code>
respectively. Set TLS mode to <code>SIMPLE</code>. <code>serverCertificate</code> and
<code>privateKey</code> should not be empty.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: mygateway
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway
servers:
- port:
number: 443
name: https-httpbin
protocol: HTTPS
tls:
mode: SIMPLE
credentialName: &#34;httpbin-credential&#34;
hosts:
- &#34;httpbin.example.com&#34;
- port:
number: 443
name: https-helloworld
protocol: HTTPS
tls:
mode: SIMPLE
credentialName: &#34;helloworld-credential&#34;
hosts:
- &#34;helloworld-v1.example.com&#34;
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Configure the gateway&rsquo;s traffic routes. Define the corresponding
virtual service.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: VirtualService
metadata:
name: helloworld-v1
spec:
hosts:
- &#34;helloworld-v1.example.com&#34;
gateways:
- mygateway
http:
- match:
- uri:
exact: /hello
route:
- destination:
host: helloworld-v1
port:
number: 5000
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send an HTTPS request to <code>helloworld-v1.example.com</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ curl -v -HHost:helloworld-v1.example.com \
--resolve helloworld-v1.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST \
--cacert helloworld-v1.example.com/2_intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem \
https://helloworld-v1.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/hello
HTTP/2 200
</code></pre></li><li><p>Send an HTTPS request to <code>httpbin.example.com</code> and still get a teapot in return:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com \
--resolve httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST \
--cacert httpbin.example.com/2_intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem \
https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418
-=[ teapot ]=-
_...._
.&#39; _ _ `.
| .&#34;` ^ `&#34;. _,
\_;`&#34;---&#34;`|//
| ;/
\_ _/
`&#34;&#34;&#34;`
</code></pre></li></ol><h3 id=configure-a-mutual-tls-ingress-gateway>Configure a mutual TLS ingress gateway</h3><p>You can extend your gateway&rsquo;s definition to support
<a href=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutual_authentication>mutual TLS</a>. Change
the credentials of the ingress gateway by deleting its secret and creating a new one.
The server uses the CA certificate to verify
its clients, and we must use the name <code>cacert</code> to hold the CA certificate.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl -n istio-system delete secret httpbin-credential
$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret generic httpbin-credential \
--from-file=key=httpbin.example.com/3_application/private/httpbin.example.com.key.pem \
--from-file=cert=httpbin.example.com/3_application/certs/httpbin.example.com.cert.pem \
--from-file=cacert=httpbin.example.com/2_intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem
</code></pre><ol><li><p>Change the gateway&rsquo;s definition to set the TLS mode to <code>MUTUAL</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ cat &lt;&lt;EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
kind: Gateway
metadata:
name: mygateway
spec:
selector:
istio: ingressgateway # use istio default ingress gateway
servers:
- port:
number: 443
name: https
protocol: HTTPS
tls:
mode: MUTUAL
credentialName: &#34;httpbin-credential&#34; # must be the same as secret
hosts:
- &#34;httpbin.example.com&#34;
EOF
</code></pre></li><li><p>Attempt to send an HTTPS request using the prior approach and see how it fails:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com \
--resolve httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST \
--cacert httpbin.example.com/2_intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem \
https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS header, Certificate Status (22):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server hello (2):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Request CERT (13):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS handshake, Server finished (14):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Certificate (11):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS change cipher, Client hello (1):
* TLSv1.2 (OUT), TLS handshake, Finished (20):
* TLSv1.2 (IN), TLS alert, Server hello (2):
* error:14094410:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:sslv3 alert handshake failure
</code></pre></li><li><p>Pass a client certificate and private key to <code>curl</code> and resend the request.
Pass your client&rsquo;s certificate with the <code>--cert</code> flag and your private key
with the <code>--key</code> flag to <code>curl</code>.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ curl -v -HHost:httpbin.example.com \
--resolve httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT:$INGRESS_HOST \
--cacert httpbin.example.com/2_intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem \
--cert httpbin.example.com/4_client/certs/httpbin.example.com.cert.pem \
--key httpbin.example.com/4_client/private/httpbin.example.com.key.pem \
https://httpbin.example.com:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT/status/418
-=[ teapot ]=-
_...._
.&#39; _ _ `.
| .&#34;` ^ `&#34;. _,
\_;`&#34;---&#34;`|//
| ;/
\_ _/
</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=troubleshooting>Troubleshooting</h2><ul><li><p>Inspect the values of the <code>INGRESS_HOST</code> and <code>SECURE_INGRESS_PORT</code> environment
variables. Make sure they have valid values, according to the output of the
following commands:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl get svc -n istio-system
$ echo INGRESS_HOST=$INGRESS_HOST, SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT
</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the log of the <code>istio-ingressgateway</code> controller for error messages:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl logs -n istio-system $(kubectl get pod -l istio=ingressgateway \
-n istio-system -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[0].metadata.name}&#39;) -c istio-proxy
</code></pre></li><li><p>If using macOS, verify you are using <code>curl</code> compiled with the <a href=http://www.libressl.org>LibreSSL</a>
library, as described in the <a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a> section.</p></li><li><p>Verify that the secrets are successfully created in the <code>istio-system</code>
namespace:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl -n istio-system get secrets
</code></pre><p><code>httpbin-credential</code> and <code>helloworld-credential</code> should show in the secrets
list.</p></li><li><p>Check the logs to verify that the ingress gateway agent has pushed the
key/certificate pair to the ingress gateway.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl logs -n istio-system $(kubectl get pod -l istio=ingressgateway \
-n istio-system -o jsonpath=&#39;{.items[0].metadata.name}&#39;) -c ingress-sds
</code></pre><p>The log should show that the <code>httpbin-credential</code> secret was added. If using mutual
TLS, then the <code>httpbin-credential-cacert</code> secret should also appear.
Verify the log shows that the gateway agent receives SDS requests from the
ingress gateway, that the resource&rsquo;s name is <code>httpbin-credential</code>, and that the ingress gateway
obtained the key/certificate pair. If using mutual TLS, the log should show
key/certificate was sent to the ingress gateway,
that the gateway agent received the SDS request with the <code>httpbin-credential-cacert</code>
resource name, and that the ingress gateway obtained the root certificate.</p></li></ul><h2 id=cleanup>Cleanup</h2><ol><li><p>Delete the gateway configuration, the virtual service definition, and the secrets:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete gateway mygateway
$ kubectl delete virtualservice httpbin
$ kubectl delete --ignore-not-found=true -n istio-system secret httpbin-credential \
helloworld-credential
$ kubectl delete --ignore-not-found=true virtualservice helloworld-v1
</code></pre></li><li><p>Delete the directories of the certificates and the repository used to generate them:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ rm -rf httpbin.example.com helloworld-v1.example.com mtls-go-example
</code></pre></li><li><p>Remove the file you used for redeployment of the ingress gateway.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ rm -f $HOME/istio-ingressgateway.yaml
</code></pre></li><li><p>Shutdown the <code>httpbin</code> and <code>helloworld-v1</code> services:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl delete service --ignore-not-found=true helloworld-v1
$ kubectl delete service --ignore-not-found=true httpbin
</code></pre></li></ol><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2019/custom-ingress-gateway/>Deploy a Custom Ingress Gateway Using Cert-Manager</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to deploy a custom ingress gateway using cert-manager manually.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2018/aws-nlb/>Configuring Istio Ingress with AWS NLB</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure Istio ingress with a network load balancer on AWS.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Control Ingress Traffic</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></p><p class=desc>Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/mount/>Securing Gateways with HTTPS With a File Mount-Based Approach</a></p><p class=desc>Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/examples/advanced-gateways/ingress-certmgr/>Securing Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></p><p class=desc>Demonstrates how to obtain Let&#39;s Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS." href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/traffic-management/secure-ingress/mount/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Securing Gateways with HTTPS With a File Mount-Based Approach</a></div><div class=right></div></nav><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label="Before you begin"><a href=#before-you-begin>Before you begin</a><li role=none aria-label="Generate client and server certificates and keys"><a href=#generate-client-and-server-certificates-and-keys>Generate client and server certificates and keys</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure a TLS ingress gateway using SDS"><a href=#configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-using-sds>Configure a TLS ingress gateway using SDS</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Configure a TLS ingress gateway for a single host"><a href=#configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-a-single-host>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for a single host</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure a TLS ingress gateway for multiple hosts"><a href=#configure-a-tls-ingress-gateway-for-multiple-hosts>Configure a TLS ingress gateway for multiple hosts</a><li role=none aria-label="Configure a mutual TLS ingress gateway"><a href=#configure-a-mutual-tls-ingress-gateway>Configure a mutual TLS ingress gateway</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Troubleshooting><a href=#troubleshooting>Troubleshooting</a><li role=none aria-label=Cleanup><a href=#cleanup>Cleanup</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.1.9 now" href=https://github.com/istio/istio/releases/tag/1.1.9 aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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