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<button id=search-close title="Cancel search" type=reset aria-label="Cancel search"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#cancel-x"/></svg></button></form></nav></header><div class=banner-container></div><main class=primary><div id=sidebar-container class="sidebar-container sidebar-offcanvas"><nav id=sidebar aria-label="Section Navigation"><div class=directory><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card25 title="Learn about the different parts of the Istio system and the abstractions it uses." aria-controls=card25-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#concepts"/></svg>Concepts</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card25 role=region id=card25-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section aria-labelledby=card25><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Introduces Istio, the problems it solves, its high-level architecture, and its design goals." href=/v1.4/docs/concepts/what-is-istio/>What is Istio?</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the various Istio features focused on traffic routing and control." href=/v1.4/docs/concepts/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality." href=/v1.4/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's policy management functionality." href=/v1.4/docs/concepts/policies/>Policies</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the telemetry and monitoring features provided by Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/concepts/observability/>Observability</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card52 title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes." aria-controls=card52-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#setup"/></svg>Setup</button><div class="body default" aria-labelledby=card52 role=region id=card52-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card52><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Download, install, and learn how to evaluate and try Istio’s basic features quickly." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/getting-started/>Getting Started</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform Setup"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="How to prepare various Kubernetes platforms before installing Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/>Platform Setup</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Alibaba Cloud Kubernetes cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/alicloud/>Alibaba Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an Azure cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/azure/>Azure</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup Docker Desktop for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/docker/>Docker Desktop</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Google Kubernetes Engine cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an IBM Cloud cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/ibm/>IBM Cloud</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup a Gardener cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/gardener/>Kubernetes Gardener</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup MicroK8s for use with Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/microk8s/>MicroK8s</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup minikube for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/minikube/>Minikube</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OpenShift cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/openshift/>OpenShift</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to setup an OKE cluster for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/platform-setup/oci/>Oracle Cloud Infrastructure</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Install><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/>Install</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and customize any Istio configuration profile for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Customizable Install with Istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and configure Istio for in-depth evaluation or production use." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/helm/>Customizable Install with Helm</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Instructions to install Istio in a Kubernetes cluster using the Istio operator." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/standalone-operator/>Standalone Operator Install [Experimental]</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Multicluster Installation"><button class=show aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/>Multicluster Installation</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=true class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/simplified/>Simplified Multicluster Install [Experimental]</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with replicated control plane instances." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/>Replicated control planes</a></li><li role=none><span role=treeitem class=current title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with a shared control plane and VPN connectivity between clusters.">Shared control plane (single-network)</span></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using a shared control plane for disconnected cluster networks." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared-gateways/>Shared control plane (multi-network)</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Upgrade><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Choose the upgrade guide that corresponds to the approach you previously used to install Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/upgrade/>Upgrade</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade or downgrade Istio using the istioctl upgrade command." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/upgrade/istioctl-upgrade/>Upgrade Istio using istioctl [Experimental]</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Upgrade the Istio control plane, and optionally, the CNI plug-in using Helm." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/upgrade/cni-helm-upgrade/>Upgrade using Helm</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="More Guides"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="More information on additional setup tasks." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/additional-setup/>More Guides</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the built-in Istio installation configuration profiles." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/additional-setup/config-profiles/>Installation Configuration Profiles</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install the Istio sidecar in application pods automatically using the sidecar injector webhook or manually using istioctl CLI." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/additional-setup/sidecar-injection/>Installing the Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Install and use Istio with the Istio CNI plugin, allowing operators to deploy services with lower privilege." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/additional-setup/cni/>Install Istio with the Istio CNI plugin</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card83 title="How to do single specific targeted activities with the Istio system." aria-controls=card83-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#tasks"/></svg>Tasks</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card83 role=region id=card83-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card83><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tasks that demonstrate Istio's traffic routing features." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure dynamic request routing to multiple versions of a microservice." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-routing/>Request Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to inject faults to test the resiliency of your application." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/fault-injection/>Fault Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate traffic from an old to new version of a service." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/traffic-shifting/>Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to migrate TCP traffic from an old to new version of a TCP service." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/tcp-traffic-shifting/>TCP Traffic Shifting</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup request timeouts in Envoy using Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/request-timeouts/>Request Timeouts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure circuit breaking for connections, requests, and outlier detection." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/circuit-breaking/>Circuit Breaking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task demonstrates the traffic mirroring/shadowing capabilities of Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/mirroring/>Mirroring</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Ingress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling ingress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/>Ingress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Istio gateway to expose a service outside of the service mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-control/>Ingress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using file-mounted certificates." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-mount/>Secure Gateways (File Mount)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Expose a service outside of the service mesh over TLS or mTLS using the secret discovery service (SDS)." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress-sds/>Secure Gateways (SDS)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI passthrough for an ingress gateway." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-sni-passthrough/>Ingress Gateway without TLS Termination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Demonstrates how to obtain Let's Encrypt TLS certificates for Kubernetes Ingress automatically using Cert-Manager." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/ingress-certmgr/>Kubernetes Ingress with Cert-Manager</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Egress><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling egress traffic for an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/>Egress</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to route traffic from services in the mesh to external services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-control/>Accessing External Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to perform TLS origination for traffic to external services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-tls-origination/>Egress TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to direct traffic to external services through a dedicated gateway." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway/>Egress Gateways</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure an Egress Gateway to perform TLS origination to external services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-gateway-tls-origination/>Egress Gateways with TLS Origination</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to enable egress traffic for a set of hosts in a common domain, instead of configuring each and every host separately." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/wildcard-egress-hosts/>Egress using Wildcard Hosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure SNI monitoring and apply policies on TLS egress traffic." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress_sni_monitoring_and_policies/>Monitoring and Policies for TLS Egress</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to configure Istio Kubernetes External Services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/egress-kubernetes-services/>Kubernetes Services for Egress Traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to configure Istio to let applications use an external HTTPS proxy." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/traffic-management/egress/http-proxy/>Using an External HTTPS Proxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to secure the mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authentication><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Controlling mutual TLS and end-user authentication for mesh services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/>Authentication</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A simplified workflow to adopt mutual TLS with minimal configuration overhead." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/auto-mtls/>Automatic mutual TLS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use Istio authentication policy to setup mutual TLS and basic end-user authentication." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/authn-policy/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to verify and test Istio's automatic mutual TLS authentication." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mutual-tls/>Mutual TLS Deep-Dive</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable mutual TLS on HTTPS services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/https-overlay/>Mutual TLS over HTTPS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to incrementally migrate your Istio services to mutual TLS." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authentication/mtls-migration/>Mutual TLS Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Citadel Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Customizing the Citadel certificate authority." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/>Citadel Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how operators can configure Citadel with existing root certificate, signing certificate and key." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/plugin-ca-cert/>Plugging in External CA Key and Certificate</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable Citadel health checking with Kubernetes." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/health-check/>Citadel Health Checking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to enable SDS (secret discovery service) for Istio identity provisioning." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/auth-sds/>Provisioning Identity through SDS</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configure which namespaces Citadel should generate service account secrets for." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/ca-namespace-targeting/>Configure Citadel Service Account Secret Generation</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Authorization><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Shows how to control access to Istio services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authorization/>Authorization</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up role-based access control for HTTP traffic." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to set up access control for TCP traffic." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP traffic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authorization/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to migrate from one trust domain to another without changing authorization policy." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/authorization/authz-td-migration/>Authorization Policy Trust Domain Migration</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to provision and manage DNS certificates in Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/dns-cert/>Istio DNS Certificate Management</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to manage webhooks in Istio through istioctl." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/webhook/>Istio Webhook Management [Experimental]</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Policies><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates policy enforcement features." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/>Policies</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to enable Istio policy enforcement." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/enabling-policy/>Enabling Policy Enforcement</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to use Istio to dynamically limit the traffic to a service." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/rate-limiting/>Enabling Rate Limits</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to modify request headers and routing using policy adapters." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/control-headers/>Control Headers and Routing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to control access to a service using simple denials or white/black listing." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/policy-enforcement/denial-and-list/>Denials and White/Black Listing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates how to collect telemetry information from the mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label=Metrics><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/>Metrics</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/collecting-metrics/>Collecting Metrics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect metrics for TCP services." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/>Collecting Metrics for TCP services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to query for Istio Metrics using Prometheus." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/querying-metrics/>Querying Metrics from Prometheus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to setup and use the Istio Dashboard to monitor mesh traffic." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/using-istio-dashboard/>Visualizing Metrics with Grafana</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Logs><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Demonstrates the configuration, collection, and processing of Istio mesh logs." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/logs/>Logs</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to collect and customize logs." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/logs/collecting-logs/>Collecting Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Envoy proxies to print access log to their standard output." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/logs/access-log/>Getting Envoy's Access Logs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure Istio to log to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/logs/fluentd/>Logging with Fluentd</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Distributed Tracing"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This task shows you how to configure Istio-enabled applications to collect trace spans." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/>Distributed Tracing</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Overview of distributed tracing in Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/overview/>Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Jaeger." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/jaeger/>Jaeger</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to Zipkin." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to configure the proxies to send tracing requests to LightStep." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/distributed-tracing/lightstep/>LightStep</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to visualize your services within an Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/kiali/>Visualizing Your Mesh</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="This task shows you how to configure external access to the set of Istio telemetry addons." href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/observability/gateways/>Remotely Accessing Telemetry Addons</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card104 title="A variety of fully working example uses for Istio that you can experiment with." aria-controls=card104-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#examples"/></svg>Examples</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card104 role=region id=card104-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card104><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices used to demonstrate various Istio features." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo Application</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Deploys a sample application across a multicluster mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/bookinfo-multicluster/>Bookinfo Application - Multicluster</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Virtual Machines"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Examples that add workloads running on virtual machines to an Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/virtual-machines/>Virtual Machines</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your single network Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/virtual-machines/single-network/>Virtual Machines in Single-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to add a service running on a virtual machine to your multi-network Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/virtual-machines/multi-network/>Virtual Machines in Multi-Network Meshes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Run the Bookinfo application with a MySQL service running on a virtual machine within your mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/virtual-machines/bookinfo/>Bookinfo with a Virtual Machine</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="This modular tutorial provides new users with hands-on experience using Istio for common microservices scenarios, one step at a time." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/microservices-istio/>Learn Microservices using Kubernetes and Istio</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/examples/microservices-istio/prereq/>Prerequisites</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-kubernetes-cluster/>Setup a Kubernetes Cluster</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/examples/microservices-istio/setup-local-computer/>Setup a Local Computer</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/examples/microservices-istio/single/>Run a Microservice Locally</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Platform-specific Examples (Deprecated)"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Examples for specific platform installations of Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/platform/>Platform-specific Examples (Deprecated)</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Explains how to manually integrate Google Cloud Endpoints services with Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/platform/endpoints/>Install Istio for Google Cloud Endpoints Services</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Set up a multicluster mesh over two GKE clusters." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/platform/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Example multicluster mesh over two IBM Cloud Private clusters." href=/v1.4/docs/examples/platform/icp/>IBM Cloud Private</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card125 title="Concepts, tools, and techniques to deploy and manage an Istio mesh." aria-controls=card125-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#guide"/></svg>Operations</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card125 role=region id=card125-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card125><li role=treeitem aria-label=Deployment><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Requirements, concepts, and considerations for setting up an Istio deployment." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/>Deployment</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's high-level architecture and design goals." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/architecture/>Architecture</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options and considerations when configuring your Istio deployment." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/>Deployment Models</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio performance and scalability summary." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/performance-and-scalability/>Performance and Scalability</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Prepare your Kubernetes pods and services to run in an Istio-enabled cluster." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/requirements/>Pods and Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Advanced concepts and features for configuring a running Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=treeitem aria-label="Mesh Configuration"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the global mesh configuration." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/>Mesh Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Provides a general overview of Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks and the related issues that can arise." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/webhook/>Dynamic Admission Webhooks Overview</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/injection-concepts/>Automatic Sidecar Injection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how Citadel determines whether to create service account secrets." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/secret-creation/>Service Account Secret Creation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for server-side configuration validation." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/validation/>Configuration Validation Webhook</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows how to do health checking for Istio services." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/mesh/app-health-check/>Health Checking of Istio Services</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the networking aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to specify protocols." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/protocol-selection/>Protocol Selection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Information on how to enable and understand Locality Load Balancing." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/traffic-management/locality-load-balancing/>Locality Load Balancing</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Use hardened container images to reduce Istio's attack surface." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/security/harden-docker-images/>Harden Docker Container Images</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Learn how to extend the lifetime of the Istio self-signed root certificate." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/security/root-transition/>Extending Self-Signed Certificate Lifetime</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Observability><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Helps you manage telemetry collection and visualization in a running mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/>Observability</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Fine-grained control of Envoy statistics." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/envoy-stats/>Envoy Statistics</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="How to enable in-proxy generation of HTTP service-level metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/configuration/telemetry/in-proxy-service-telemetry/>Generate Istio Metrics Without Mixer [Alpha]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Best Practices"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Best practices for setting up and managing an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/best-practices/>Best Practices</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="General best practices when setting up an Istio service mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/best-practices/deployment/>Deployment Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration best practices to avoid networking or traffic management issues." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/best-practices/traffic-management/>Traffic Management Best Practices</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Best practices for securing applications using Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/best-practices/security/>Security Best Practices</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Common Problems"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to identify and resolve common problems in Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/>Common Problems</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio traffic management and network problems." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/network-issues/>Traffic Management Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Techniques to address common Istio authentication, authorization, and general security-related problems." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/security-issues/>Security Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Dealing with telemetry collection issues." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/observability-issues/>Observability Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resolve common problems with Istio's use of Kubernetes webhooks for automatic sidecar injection." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/injection/>Sidecar Injection Problems</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to resolve Galley configuration problems." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/common-problems/validation/>Galley Configuration Problems</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Diagnostic Tools"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Tools and techniques to help troubleshoot an Istio mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/>Diagnostic Tools</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio includes a supplemental tool that provides debugging and diagnosis for Istio service mesh deployments." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl/>Using the Istioctl Command-line Tool</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes tools and techniques to diagnose Envoy configuration issues related to traffic management." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/proxy-cmd/>Debugging Envoy and Pilot</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl describe to verify the configurations of a pod in your mesh." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-describe/>Understand your Mesh with Istioctl Describe</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Shows you how to use istioctl analyze to identify potential issues with your configuration." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/istioctl-analyze/>Diagnose your Configuration with Istioctl Analyze</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use ControlZ to get insight into individual running components." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/controlz/>Component Introspection</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes how to use component-level logging to get insights into a running component's behavior." href=/v1.4/docs/ops/diagnostic-tools/component-logging/>Component Logging</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class=card><button class="header dynamic" id=card160 title="Detailed authoritative reference material such as command-line options, configuration options, and API calling parameters." aria-controls=card160-body><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#reference"/></svg>Reference</button><div class=body aria-labelledby=card160 role=region id=card160-body><ul role=tree aria-expanded=true aria-labelledby=card160><li role=treeitem aria-label=Configuration><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Detailed information on configuration options." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/>Configuration</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration options for Istio control plane installation using istioctl." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/istio.operator.v1alpha12.pb/>Installation Options (istioctl)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the options available when installing Istio using Helm charts." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/installation-options/>Installation Options (Helm)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting the service mesh as a whole." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/istio.mesh.v1alpha1/>Global Mesh Options</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Resource annotations used by Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/annotations/>Resource Annotations</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Traffic Management"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure HTTP/TCP routing features." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/>Traffic Management</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting load balancing, outlier detection, etc." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/destination-rule/>Destination Rule</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Customizing Envoy configuration generated by Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/envoy-filter/>Envoy Filter</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting edge load balancer." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/gateway/>Gateway</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting label/content routing, sni routing, etc." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/virtual-service/>Virtual Service</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting network reachability of a sidecar." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/sidecar/>Sidecar</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration affecting service registry." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/networking/service-entry/>Service Entry</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Security><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's security features." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/>Security</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Authentication policy for Istio services." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/istio.authentication.v1alpha1/>Authentication Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for access control on workloads." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/authorization-policy/>Authorization Policy</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported conditions in authorization policies." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/conditions/>Authorization Policy Conditions</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration for Role Based Access Control." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/istio.rbac.v1alpha1/>RBAC (deprecated)</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the supported constraints and properties." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/security/constraints-and-properties/>RBAC Constraints and Properties (deprecated)</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Policies and Telemetry"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes how to configure Istio's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/>Policies and Telemetry</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Configuration state for the Mixer client library." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.mixer.v1.config.client/>Mixer Client</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the rules used to configure Mixer's policy and telemetry features." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/istio.policy.v1beta1/>Rules</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the configuration model for Istio's policy enforcement and telemetry mechanisms." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/mixer-overview/>Mixer Configuration Model</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Describes the base attribute vocabulary used for policy and control." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/attribute-vocabulary/>Attribute Vocabulary</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer configuration expression language reference." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/expression-language/>Expression Language</a></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Adapters><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer adapters allow Istio to interface to a variety of infrastructure backends for such things as metrics and logs." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/>Adapters</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Apache SkyWalking." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apache-skywalking/>Apache SkyWalking</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for Apigee's distributed policy checks and analytics." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/apigee/>Apigee</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to enforce authentication and authorization policies for web apps and APIs." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/app-identity-access-adapter/>App Identity and Access</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for circonus.com's monitoring solution." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/circonus/>Circonus</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudmonitor metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudmonitor/>CloudMonitor</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for cloudwatch metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/cloudwatch/>CloudWatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a dogstatsd agent for delivery to DataDog." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/datadog/>Datadog</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver tracing data to Zipkin." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/zipkin/>Zipkin</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that always returns a precondition denial." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/denier/>Denier</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that delivers logs to a Fluentd daemon." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/fluentd/>Fluentd</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that extracts information from a Kubernetes environment." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/kubernetesenv/>Kubernetes Env</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that performs whitelist or blacklist checks." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/list/>List</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a simple in-memory quota management system." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/memquota/>Memory quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="An Istio Mixer adapter to send telemetry data to New Relic." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/newrelic/>New Relic</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to Wavefront by VMware." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/wavefront/>Wavefront by VMware</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to locally output logs and metrics." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stdio/>Stdio</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver metrics to a StatsD backend." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/statsd/>StatsD</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs, metrics, and traces to Stackdriver." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/stackdriver/>Stackdriver</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter to deliver logs and metrics to Papertrail and AppOptics backends." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/solarwinds/>SolarWinds</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that implements an Open Policy Agent engine." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/opa/>OPA</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter for a Redis-based quota management system." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/redisquota/>Redis Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Adapter that exposes Istio metrics for ingestion by a Prometheus harvester." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/adapters/prometheus/>Prometheus</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Templates><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Mixer templates are used to send data to individual adapters." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/>Templates</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single API key." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/apikey/>API Key</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template used to represent an access control query." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/authorization/>Authorization</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/checknothing/>Check Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to report observed communication edges between workloads." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/edge/>Edge</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that is used to control the production of Kubernetes-specific attributes." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/kubernetes/>Kubernetes</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template designed to let you perform list checking operations." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/listentry/>List Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime log entry." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/logentry/>Log Entry</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a single runtime metric." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/metric/>Metric</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents an individual span within a distributed trace." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/tracespan/>Trace Span</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that carries no data, useful for testing." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/reportnothing/>Report Nothing</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A template that represents a quota allocation request." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/quota/>Quota</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Analytics template is used to dispatch runtime telemetry to Apigee." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/templates/analytics/>Analytics</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Default Metrics exported from Istio through Mixer." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/policy-and-telemetry/metrics/>Default Metrics</a></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label="Configuration Analysis Messages"><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Documents the individual error and warning messages produced during configurarion analysis." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/>Configuration Analysis Messages</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/message-format/>Analyzer Message Format</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0109/>ConflictingMeshGatewayVirtualServiceHosts</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0110/>ConflictingSidecarWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0002/>Deprecated</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0104/>GatewayPortNotOnWorkload</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0001/>InternalError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0105/>IstioProxyVersionMismatch</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0119/>JwtFailureDueToInvalidServicePortPrefix</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0107/>MisplacedAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0111/>MultipleSidecarsWithoutWorkloadSelectors</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0102/>NamespaceNotInjected</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0112/>VirtualServiceDestinationPortSelectorRequired</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0108/>UnknownAnnotation</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0106/>SchemaValidationError</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0101/>ReferencedResourceNotFound</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem href=/v1.4/docs/reference/config/analysis/ist0103/>PodMissingProxy</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li role=treeitem aria-label=Commands><button aria-hidden=true></button><a title="Describes usage and options of the Istio commands and utilities." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/>Commands</a><ul role=group aria-expanded=false class=leaf-section><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Galley provides configuration management services for Istio." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/galley/>galley</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Certificate Authority (CA)." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/istio_ca/>istio_ca</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio control interface." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/>istioctl</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Mixer is Istio's abstraction on top of infrastructure backends." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/mixs/>mixs</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Kubernetes webhook for automatic Istio sidecar injection." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/sidecar-injector/>sidecar-injector</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio security per-node agent." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/node_agent/>node_agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="The Istio operator." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/operator/>operator</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot agent." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/pilot-agent/>pilot-agent</a></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="Istio Pilot." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/pilot-discovery/>pilot-discovery</a></li></ul></li><li role=none><a role=treeitem title="A glossary of common Istio terms." href=/v1.4/docs/reference/glossary/>Glossary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></nav></div><div class=article-container><button tabindex=-1 id=sidebar-toggler title="Toggle the navigation bar"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#pull"/></svg></button><nav aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.4/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.4/docs/ title="Learn how to deploy, use, and operate Istio.">Docs</a></li><li><a href=/v1.4/docs/setup/ title="Instructions for installing the Istio control plane on Kubernetes.">Setup</a></li><li><a href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/ title="Choose the guide that best suits your needs and platform.">Install</a></li><li><a href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/ title="Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters.">Multicluster Installation</a></li><li>Shared control plane (single-network)</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div style=width:100%><h1 id=title>Shared control plane (single-network)</h1><p class=byline><span title="2489 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span> </span>12 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label=Prerequisites><a href=#prerequisites>Prerequisites</a><li role=none aria-label="Deploy the local control plane"><a href=#deploy-the-local-control-plane>Deploy the local control plane</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Set environment variables"><a href=#environment-var>Set environment variables</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Install the Istio remote"><a href=#install-the-istio-remote>Install the Istio remote</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Installation configuration parameters"><a href=#installation-configuration-parameters>Installation configuration parameters</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Generate configuration files for remote clusters"><a href=#kubeconfig>Generate configuration files for remote clusters</a><li role=none aria-label="Instantiate the credentials"><a href=#credentials>Instantiate the credentials</a><li role=none aria-label="Uninstalling the remote cluster"><a href=#uninstalling-the-remote-cluster>Uninstalling the remote cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Manual sidecar injection example"><a href=#manual-sidecar>Manual sidecar injection example</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Manually inject the sidecars into the application manifests"><a href=#manually-inject-the-sidecars-into-the-application-manifests>Manually inject the sidecars into the application manifests</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Access services from different clusters"><a href=#access-services-from-different-clusters>Access services from different clusters</a><li role=none aria-label="Deployment considerations"><a href=#deployment-considerations>Deployment considerations</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Update the DNS entries"><a href=#update-the-dns-entries>Update the DNS entries</a><li role=none aria-label="Use load balance service type"><a href=#use-load-balance-service-type>Use load balance service type</a><li role=none aria-label="Expose the Istio services via a gateway"><a href=#expose-the-istio-services-via-a-gateway>Expose the Istio services via a gateway</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Security><a href=#security>Security</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Control plane security"><a href=#control-plane-security>Control plane security</a><li role=none aria-label="Mutual TLS between application pods"><a href=#mutual-tls-between-application-pods>Mutual TLS between application pods</a><li role=none aria-label="Example deployment"><a href=#example-deployment>Example deployment</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Primary cluster: deploy the control plane cluster"><a href=#primary-cluster-deploy-the-control-plane-cluster>Primary cluster: deploy the control plane cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Remote cluster: deploy Istio components"><a href=#remote-cluster-deploy-istio-components>Remote cluster: deploy Istio components</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Primary cluster: instantiate credentials"><a href=#primary-cluster-instantiate-credentials>Primary cluster: instantiate credentials</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>Follow this guide to install an Istio <a href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/#multiple-clusters>multicluster service mesh</a>
|
||
where the Kubernetes cluster services and the applications in each cluster
|
||
have the capability to expose their internal Kubernetes network to other
|
||
clusters.</p><p>In this configuration, multiple Kubernetes clusters running
|
||
a remote configuration connect to a shared Istio
|
||
<a href=/v1.4/docs/ops/deployment/deployment-models/#control-plane-models>control plane</a>.
|
||
Once one or more remote Kubernetes clusters are connected to the
|
||
Istio control plane, Envoy can then form a mesh network across multiple clusters.</p><figure style=width:80%><div class=wrapper-with-intrinsic-ratio style=padding-bottom:60.01468418364452%><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared-vpn/./multicluster-with-vpn.svg title="Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods over VPN"><img class=element-to-stretch src=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared-vpn/./multicluster-with-vpn.svg alt="Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods over VPN"></a></div><figcaption>Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters with direct network access to remote pods over VPN</figcaption></figure><h2 id=prerequisites>Prerequisites</h2><ul><li><p>Two or more clusters running a supported Kubernetes version (1.13, 1.14, 1.15).</p></li><li><p>The ability to <a href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>deploy the Istio control plane</a>
|
||
on <strong>one</strong> of the clusters.</p></li><li><p>A RFC1918 network, VPN, or an alternative more advanced network technique
|
||
meeting the following requirements:</p><ul><li><p>Individual cluster Pod CIDR ranges and service CIDR ranges must be unique
|
||
across the multicluster environment and may not overlap.</p></li><li><p>All pod CIDRs in every cluster must be routable to each other.</p></li><li><p>All Kubernetes control plane API servers must be routable to each other.</p></li></ul></li></ul><p>This guide describes how to install a multicluster Istio topology using the
|
||
remote configuration profile provided by Istio.</p><h2 id=deploy-the-local-control-plane>Deploy the local control plane</h2><p><a href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/istioctl/>Install the Istio control plane</a>
|
||
on <strong>one</strong> Kubernetes cluster.</p><h3 id=environment-var>Set environment variables</h3><p>Wait for the Istio control plane to finish initializing before following the
|
||
steps in this section.</p><p>You must run these operations on the Istio control plane cluster to capture the
|
||
Istio control plane service endpoints, for example, the Pilot and Policy Pod IP
|
||
endpoints.</p><p>Set the environment variables with the following commands:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export PILOT_POD_IP=$(kubectl -n istio-system get pod -l istio=pilot -o jsonpath='{.items[0].status.podIP}')
|
||
$ export POLICY_POD_IP=$(kubectl -n istio-system get pod -l istio-mixer-type=policy -o jsonpath='{.items[0].status.podIP}')
|
||
$ export TELEMETRY_POD_IP=$(kubectl -n istio-system get pod -l istio-mixer-type=telemetry -o jsonpath='{.items[0].status.podIP}')
|
||
</code></pre><p>Normally, automatic sidecar injection on the remote clusters is enabled. To
|
||
perform a manual sidecar injection refer to the <a href=#manual-sidecar>manual sidecar example</a></p><h2 id=install-the-istio-remote>Install the Istio remote</h2><p>You must deploy the <code>istio-remote</code> component to each remote Kubernetes
|
||
cluster. You can install the component in one of two ways:</p><ol><li><p>Use the following command on the remote cluster to install
|
||
the Istio control plane service endpoints:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest apply \
|
||
--set profile=remote \
|
||
--set values.global.controlPlaneSecurityEnabled=false \
|
||
--set values.global.createRemoteSvcEndpoints=true \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePilotCreateSvcEndpoint=true \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePilotAddress=${PILOT_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePolicyAddress=${POLICY_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set values.global.remoteTelemetryAddress=${TELEMETRY_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set gateways.enabled=false \
|
||
--set autoInjection.enabled=true
|
||
</code></pre><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>All clusters must have the same namespace for the Istio
|
||
components. It is possible to override the <code>istio-system</code> name on the main
|
||
cluster as long as the namespace is the same for all Istio components in
|
||
all clusters.</div></aside></div></li><li><p>The following command example labels the <code>default</code> namespace. Use similar
|
||
commands to label all the remote cluster’s namespaces requiring automatic
|
||
sidecar injection.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled
|
||
</code></pre><p>Repeat for all Kubernetes namespaces that need to setup automatic sidecar
|
||
injection.</p></li></ol><h3 id=installation-configuration-parameters>Installation configuration parameters</h3><p>You must configure the remote cluster’s sidecars interaction with the Istio
|
||
control plane including the following endpoints in the <code>istio-remote</code> profile:
|
||
<code>pilot</code>, <code>policy</code>, <code>telemetry</code> and tracing service. The profile
|
||
enables automatic sidecar injection in the remote cluster by default. You can
|
||
disable the automatic sidecar injection via a separate setting.</p><p>The following table shows the <code>istioctl</code> configuration values for remote clusters:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Install setting</th><th>Accepted Values</th><th>Default</th><th>Purpose of Value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><code>values.global.remotePilotAddress</code></td><td>A valid IP address or hostname</td><td>None</td><td>Specifies the Istio control plane’s pilot Pod IP address or remote cluster DNS resolvable hostname</td></tr><tr><td><code>values.global.remotePolicyAddress</code></td><td>A valid IP address or hostname</td><td>None</td><td>Specifies the Istio control plane’s policy Pod IP address or remote cluster DNS resolvable hostname</td></tr><tr><td><code>values.global.remoteTelemetryAddress</code></td><td>A valid IP address or hostname</td><td>None</td><td>Specifies the Istio control plane’s telemetry Pod IP address or remote cluster DNS resolvable hostname</td></tr><tr><td><code>values.sidecarInjectorWebhook.enabled</code></td><td>true, false</td><td>true</td><td>Specifies whether to enable automatic sidecar injection on the remote cluster</td></tr><tr><td><code>values.global.remotePilotCreateSvcEndpoint</code></td><td>true, false</td><td>false</td><td>If set, a selector-less service and endpoint for <code>istio-pilot</code> are created with the <code>remotePilotAddress</code> IP, which ensures the <code>istio-pilot.<namespace></code> is DNS resolvable in the remote cluster.</td></tr><tr><td><code>values.global.createRemoteSvcEndpoints</code></td><td>true, false</td><td>false</td><td>If set, selector-less services and endpoints for <code>istio-pilot</code>, <code>istio-telemetry</code>, <code>istio-policy</code> are created with the corresponding remote IPs: <code>remotePilotAddress</code>, <code>remoteTelmetryAddress</code>, <code>remotePolicyAddress</code>, which ensures the service names are DNS resolvable in the remote cluster.</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 id=kubeconfig>Generate configuration files for remote clusters</h2><p>The Istio control plane requires access to all clusters in the mesh to
|
||
discover services, endpoints, and pod attributes. The following steps
|
||
describe how to generate a <code>kubeconfig</code> configuration file for the Istio control plane to use a remote cluster.</p><p>Perform this procedure on each remote cluster to add the cluster to the service
|
||
mesh. This procedure requires the <code>cluster-admin</code> user access permission to
|
||
the remote cluster.</p><ol><li><p>Set the environment variables needed to build the <code>kubeconfig</code> file for the
|
||
<code>istio-reader-service-account</code> service account with the following commands:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ export WORK_DIR=$(pwd)
|
||
$ CLUSTER_NAME=$(kubectl config view --minify=true -o jsonpath='{.clusters[].name}')
|
||
$ export KUBECFG_FILE=${WORK_DIR}/${CLUSTER_NAME}
|
||
$ SERVER=$(kubectl config view --minify=true -o jsonpath='{.clusters[].cluster.server}')
|
||
$ NAMESPACE=istio-system
|
||
$ SERVICE_ACCOUNT=istio-reader-service-account
|
||
$ SECRET_NAME=$(kubectl get sa ${SERVICE_ACCOUNT} -n ${NAMESPACE} -o jsonpath='{.secrets[].name}')
|
||
$ CA_DATA=$(kubectl get secret ${SECRET_NAME} -n ${NAMESPACE} -o jsonpath="{.data['ca\.crt']}")
|
||
$ TOKEN=$(kubectl get secret ${SECRET_NAME} -n ${NAMESPACE} -o jsonpath="{.data['token']}" | base64 --decode)
|
||
</code></pre><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>An alternative to <code>base64 --decode</code> is <code>openssl enc -d -base64 -A</code> on many systems.</div></aside></div></li><li><p>Create a <code>kubeconfig</code> file in the working directory for the
|
||
<code>istio-reader-service-account</code> service account with the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat <<EOF > ${KUBECFG_FILE}
|
||
apiVersion: v1
|
||
clusters:
|
||
- cluster:
|
||
certificate-authority-data: ${CA_DATA}
|
||
server: ${SERVER}
|
||
name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}
|
||
contexts:
|
||
- context:
|
||
cluster: ${CLUSTER_NAME}
|
||
user: ${CLUSTER_NAME}
|
||
name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}
|
||
current-context: ${CLUSTER_NAME}
|
||
kind: Config
|
||
preferences: {}
|
||
users:
|
||
- name: ${CLUSTER_NAME}
|
||
user:
|
||
token: ${TOKEN}
|
||
EOF
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p><em>(Optional)</em> Create file with environment variables to create the remote cluster’s secret:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ cat <<EOF > remote_cluster_env_vars
|
||
export CLUSTER_NAME=${CLUSTER_NAME}
|
||
export KUBECFG_FILE=${KUBECFG_FILE}
|
||
export NAMESPACE=${NAMESPACE}
|
||
EOF
|
||
</code></pre></li></ol><p>At this point, you created the remote clusters’ <code>kubeconfig</code> files in the
|
||
current directory. The filename of the <code>kubeconfig</code> file is the same as the
|
||
original cluster name.</p><h2 id=credentials>Instantiate the credentials</h2><p>Perform this procedure on the cluster running the Istio control plane. This
|
||
procedure uses the <code>WORK_DIR</code>, <code>CLUSTER_NAME</code>, and <code>NAMESPACE</code> environment
|
||
values set and the file created for the remote cluster’s secret from the
|
||
<a href=#kubeconfig>previous section</a>.</p><p>If you created the environment variables file for the remote cluster’s
|
||
secret, source the file with the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ source remote_cluster_env_vars
|
||
</code></pre><p>You can install Istio in a different namespace. This procedure uses the
|
||
<code>istio-system</code> namespace.</p><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>Do not store and label the secrets for the local cluster
|
||
running the Istio control plane. Istio is always aware of the local cluster’s
|
||
Kubernetes credentials.</div></aside></div><p>Create a secret and label it properly for each remote cluster:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create secret generic ${CLUSTER_NAME} --from-file ${KUBECFG_FILE} -n ${NAMESPACE}
|
||
$ kubectl label secret ${CLUSTER_NAME} istio/multiCluster=true -n ${NAMESPACE}
|
||
</code></pre><div><aside class="callout warning"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#callout-warning"/></svg></div><div class=content>The Kubernetes secret data keys must conform with the
|
||
<code>DNS-1123 subdomain</code> <a href=https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1123#page-13>format</a>. For
|
||
example, the filename can’t have underscores. Resolve any issue with the
|
||
filename simply by changing the filename to conform with the format.</div></aside></div><h2 id=uninstalling-the-remote-cluster>Uninstalling the remote cluster</h2><p>To uninstall the cluster run the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest generate \
|
||
--set profile=remote \
|
||
--set values.global.controlPlaneSecurityEnabled=false \
|
||
--set values.global.createRemoteSvcEndpoints=true \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePilotCreateSvcEndpoint=true \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePilotAddress=${PILOT_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePolicyAddress=${POLICY_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set values.global.remoteTelemetryAddress=${TELEMETRY_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set gateways.enabled=false \
|
||
--set autoInjection.enabled=true | kubectl delete -f -
|
||
</code></pre><h2 id=manual-sidecar>Manual sidecar injection example</h2><p>The following example shows how to use the <code>istioctl manifest</code> command to generate
|
||
the manifest for a remote cluster with the automatic sidecar injection
|
||
disabled. Additionally, the example shows how to use the <code>configmaps</code> of the
|
||
remote cluster with the <a href=/v1.4/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl-kube-inject><code>istioctl kube-inject</code></a> command to generate any
|
||
application manifests for the remote cluster.</p><p>Perform the following procedure against the remote cluster.</p><p>Before you begin, set the endpoint IP environment variables as described in the
|
||
<a href=#environment-var>set the environment variables section</a></p><ol><li><p>Install the Istio remote profile:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest apply \
|
||
--set profile=remote \
|
||
--set values.global.controlPlaneSecurityEnabled=false \
|
||
--set values.global.createRemoteSvcEndpoints=true \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePilotCreateSvcEndpoint=true \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePilotAddress=${PILOT_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePolicyAddress=${POLICY_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set values.global.remoteTelemetryAddress=${TELEMETRY_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set gateways.enabled=false \
|
||
--set autoInjection.enabled=false
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p><a href=#kubeconfig>Generate</a> the <code>kubeconfig</code> configuration file for each remote
|
||
cluster.</p></li><li><p><a href=#credentials>Instantiate the credentials</a> for each remote cluster.</p></li></ol><h3 id=manually-inject-the-sidecars-into-the-application-manifests>Manually inject the sidecars into the application manifests</h3><p>The following example <code>istioctl</code> command injects the sidecars into the
|
||
application manifests. Run the following commands in a shell with the
|
||
<code>kubeconfig</code> context set up for the remote cluster.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ ORIGINAL_SVC_MANIFEST=mysvc-v1.yaml
|
||
$ istioctl kube-inject --injectConfigMapName istio-sidecar-injector --meshConfigMapName istio -f ${ORIGINAL_SVC_MANIFEST} | kubectl apply -f -
|
||
</code></pre><h2 id=access-services-from-different-clusters>Access services from different clusters</h2><p>Kubernetes resolves DNS on a cluster basis. Because the DNS resolution is tied
|
||
to the cluster, you must define the service object in every cluster where a
|
||
client runs, regardless of the location of the service’s endpoints. To ensure
|
||
this is the case, duplicate the service object to every cluster using
|
||
<code>kubectl</code>. Duplication ensures Kubernetes can resolve the service name in any
|
||
cluster. Since the service objects are defined in a namespace, you must define
|
||
the namespace if it doesn’t exist, and include it in the service definitions in
|
||
all clusters.</p><h2 id=deployment-considerations>Deployment considerations</h2><p>The previous procedures provide a simple and step-by-step guide to deploy a
|
||
multicluster environment. A production environment might require additional
|
||
steps or more complex deployment options. The procedures gather the endpoint
|
||
IPs of the Istio services and use them to invoke <code>istioctl</code>. This process creates
|
||
Istio services on the remote clusters. As part of creating those services and
|
||
endpoints in the remote cluster, Kubernetes adds DNS entries to the <code>kube-dns</code>
|
||
configuration object.</p><p>This allows the <code>kube-dns</code> configuration object in the remote clusters to
|
||
resolve the Istio service names for all Envoy sidecars in those remote
|
||
clusters. Since Kubernetes pods don’t have stable IPs, restart of any Istio
|
||
service pod in the control plane cluster causes its endpoint to change.
|
||
Therefore, any connection made from remote clusters to that endpoint are
|
||
broken. This behavior is documented in <a href=https://github.com/istio/istio/issues/4822>Istio issue #4822</a></p><p>To either avoid or resolve this scenario several options are available. This
|
||
section provides a high level overview of these options:</p><ul><li>Update the DNS entries</li><li>Use a load balancer service type</li><li>Expose the Istio services via a gateway</li></ul><h3 id=update-the-dns-entries>Update the DNS entries</h3><p>Upon any failure or restart of the local Istio control plane, <code>kube-dns</code> on the remote clusters must be
|
||
updated with the correct endpoint mappings for the Istio services. There
|
||
are a number of ways this can be done. The most obvious is to rerun the
|
||
<code>istioctl</code> command in the remote cluster after the Istio services on the control plane
|
||
cluster have restarted.</p><h3 id=use-load-balance-service-type>Use load balance service type</h3><p>In Kubernetes, you can declare a service with a service type of <code>LoadBalancer</code>.
|
||
See the Kubernetes documentation on <a href=https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/#publishing-services-service-types>service types</a>
|
||
for more information.</p><p>A simple solution to the pod restart issue is to use load balancers for the
|
||
Istio services. Then, you can use the load balancers’ IPs as the Istio
|
||
services’ endpoint IPs to configure the remote clusters. You may need load
|
||
balancer IPs for these Istio services:</p><ul><li><code>istio-pilot</code></li><li><code>istio-telemetry</code></li><li><code>istio-policy</code></li></ul><p>Currently, the Istio installation doesn’t provide an option to specify service
|
||
types for the Istio services. You can manually specify the service types in the
|
||
Istio manifests.</p><h3 id=expose-the-istio-services-via-a-gateway>Expose the Istio services via a gateway</h3><p>This method uses the Istio ingress gateway functionality. The remote clusters
|
||
have the <code>istio-pilot</code>, <code>istio-telemetry</code> and <code>istio-policy</code> services
|
||
pointing to the load balanced IP of the Istio ingress gateway. Then, all the
|
||
services point to the same IP.
|
||
You must then create the destination rules to reach the proper Istio service in
|
||
the main cluster in the ingress gateway.</p><p>This method provides two alternatives:</p><ul><li><p>Re-use the default Istio ingress gateway installed with the provided
|
||
manifests. You only need to add the correct destination rules.</p></li><li><p>Create another Istio ingress gateway specifically for the multicluster.</p></li></ul><h2 id=security>Security</h2><p>Istio supports deployment of mutual TLS between the control plane components as
|
||
well as between sidecar injected application pods.</p><h3 id=control-plane-security>Control plane security</h3><p>To enable control plane security follow these general steps:</p><ol><li><p>Deploy the Istio control plane cluster with:</p><ul><li><p>The control plane security enabled.</p></li><li><p>The <code>citadel</code> certificate self signing disabled.</p></li><li><p>A secret named <code>cacerts</code> in the Istio control plane namespace with the
|
||
<a href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/plugin-ca-cert/#plugging-in-the-existing-certificate-and-key>Certificate Authority (CA) certificates</a>.</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Deploy the Istio remote clusters with:</p><ul><li><p>The control plane security enabled.</p></li><li><p>The <code>citadel</code> certificate self signing disabled.</p></li><li><p>A secret named <code>cacerts</code> in the Istio control plane namespace with the
|
||
<a href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/plugin-ca-cert/#plugging-in-the-existing-certificate-and-key>CA certificates</a>.
|
||
The Certificate Authority (CA) of the main cluster or a root CA must sign
|
||
the CA certificate for the remote clusters too.</p></li><li><p>The Istio pilot service hostname must be resolvable via DNS. DNS
|
||
resolution is required because Istio configures the sidecar to verify the
|
||
certificate subject names using the <code>istio-pilot.<namespace></code> subject
|
||
name format.</p></li><li><p>Set control plane IPs or resolvable host names.</p></li></ul></li></ol><h3 id=mutual-tls-between-application-pods>Mutual TLS between application pods</h3><p>To enable mutual TLS for all application pods, follow these general steps:</p><ol><li><p>Deploy the Istio control plane cluster with:</p><ul><li><p>Mutual TLS globally enabled.</p></li><li><p>The Citadel certificate self-signing disabled.</p></li><li><p>A secret named <code>cacerts</code> in the Istio control plane namespace with the
|
||
<a href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/plugin-ca-cert/#plugging-in-the-existing-certificate-and-key>CA certificates</a></p></li></ul></li><li><p>Deploy the Istio remote clusters with:</p><ul><li><p>Mutual TLS globally enabled.</p></li><li><p>The Citadel certificate self-signing disabled.</p></li><li><p>A secret named <code>cacerts</code> in the Istio control plane namespace with the
|
||
<a href=/v1.4/docs/tasks/security/citadel-config/plugin-ca-cert/#plugging-in-the-existing-certificate-and-key>CA certificates</a>
|
||
The CA of the main cluster or a root CA must sign the CA certificate for
|
||
the remote clusters too.</p></li></ul></li></ol><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>The CA certificate steps are identical for both control plane security and
|
||
application pod security steps.</div></aside></div><h3 id=example-deployment>Example deployment</h3><p>This example procedure installs Istio with both the control plane mutual TLS
|
||
and the application pod mutual TLS enabled. The procedure sets up a remote
|
||
cluster with a selector-less service and endpoint. Istio Pilot uses the service
|
||
and endpoint to allow the remote sidecars to resolve the
|
||
<code>istio-pilot.istio-system</code> hostname via Istio’s local Kubernetes DNS.</p><h4 id=primary-cluster-deploy-the-control-plane-cluster>Primary cluster: deploy the control plane cluster</h4><ol><li><p>Create the <code>cacerts</code> secret using the Istio certificate samples in the
|
||
<code>istio-system</code> namespace:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create ns istio-system
|
||
$ kubectl create secret generic cacerts -n istio-system --from-file=samples/certs/ca-cert.pem --from-file=samples/certs/ca-key.pem --from-file=samples/certs/root-cert.pem --from-file=samples/certs/cert-chain.pem
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p>Deploy the Istio control plane with security enabled for the control plane
|
||
and the application pod:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest apply \
|
||
--set values.global.mtls.enabled=true \
|
||
--set values.security.selfSigned=false \
|
||
--set values.global.controlPlaneSecurityEnabled=true
|
||
</code></pre></li></ol><h4 id=remote-cluster-deploy-istio-components>Remote cluster: deploy Istio components</h4><ol><li><p>Create the <code>cacerts</code> secret using the Istio certificate samples in the
|
||
<code>istio-system</code> namespace:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ kubectl create ns istio-system
|
||
$ kubectl create secret generic cacerts -n istio-system --from-file=samples/certs/ca-cert.pem --from-file=samples/certs/ca-key.pem --from-file=samples/certs/root-cert.pem --from-file=samples/certs/cert-chain.pem
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p>Set the environment variables for the IP addresses of the pods as described
|
||
in the <a href=#environment-var>setting environment variables section</a>.</p></li><li><p>The following command deploys the remote cluster’s components with security
|
||
enabled for the control plane and the application pod and enables the
|
||
creation of the an Istio Pilot selector-less service and endpoint to get a
|
||
DNS entry in the remote cluster.</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true data-repo=istio>$ istioctl manifest apply \
|
||
--set profile=remote \
|
||
--set values.global.mtls.enabled=true \
|
||
--set values.security.selfSigned=false \
|
||
--set values.global.controlPlaneSecurityEnabled=true \
|
||
--set values.global.createRemoteSvcEndpoints=true \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePilotCreateSvcEndpoint=true \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePilotAddress=${PILOT_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set values.global.remotePolicyAddress=${POLICY_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set values.global.remoteTelemetryAddress=${TELEMETRY_POD_IP} \
|
||
--set gateways.enabled=false \
|
||
--set autoInjection.enabled=true
|
||
</code></pre></li><li><p>To generate the <code>kubeconfig</code> configuration file for the remote cluster,
|
||
follow the steps in the <a href=#kubeconfig>Kubernetes configuration section</a></p></li></ol><h3 id=primary-cluster-instantiate-credentials>Primary cluster: instantiate credentials</h3><p>You must instantiate credentials for each remote cluster. Follow the
|
||
<a href=#credentials>instantiate credentials procedure</a>
|
||
to complete the deployment.</p><p><strong>Congratulations!</strong></p><p>You have configured all the Istio components in both clusters to use mutual TLS
|
||
between application sidecars, the control plane components, and other
|
||
application sidecars.</p><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.4/docs/examples/platform/gke/>Google Kubernetes Engine</a></p><p class=desc>Set up a multicluster mesh over two GKE clusters.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.4/docs/examples/platform/icp/>IBM Cloud Private</a></p><p class=desc>Example multicluster mesh over two IBM Cloud Private clusters.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/>Replicated control planes</a></p><p class=desc>Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with replicated control plane instances.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared-gateways/>Shared control plane (multi-network)</a></p><p class=desc>Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using a shared control plane for disconnected cluster networks.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/simplified/>Simplified Multicluster Install [Experimental]</a></p><p class=desc>Configure an Istio mesh spanning multiple Kubernetes clusters.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.4/blog/2020/multi-cluster-mesh-automation/>Multicluster Istio configuration and service discovery using Admiral</a></p><p class=desc>Automating Istio configuration for Istio deployments (clusters) that work as a single mesh.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left><a title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters with replicated control plane instances." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/gateways/><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#left-arrow"/></svg>Replicated control planes</a></div><div class=right><a title="Install an Istio mesh across multiple Kubernetes clusters using a shared control plane for disconnected cluster networks." href=/v1.4/docs/setup/install/multicluster/shared-gateways/>Shared control plane (multi-network)<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=feedback><div id=feedback-initial>Was this information useful?<br><button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',1)">Yes</button>
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<button class="btn feedback" onclick="sendFeedback('en',0)">No</button></div><div id=feedback-comment>Do you have any suggestions for improvement?<br><br><input id=feedback-textbox type=text placeholder="Help us improve..." data-lang=en></div><div id=feedback-thankyou>Thanks for your feedback!</div></div><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label=Prerequisites><a href=#prerequisites>Prerequisites</a><li role=none aria-label="Deploy the local control plane"><a href=#deploy-the-local-control-plane>Deploy the local control plane</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Set environment variables"><a href=#environment-var>Set environment variables</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Install the Istio remote"><a href=#install-the-istio-remote>Install the Istio remote</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Installation configuration parameters"><a href=#installation-configuration-parameters>Installation configuration parameters</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Generate configuration files for remote clusters"><a href=#kubeconfig>Generate configuration files for remote clusters</a><li role=none aria-label="Instantiate the credentials"><a href=#credentials>Instantiate the credentials</a><li role=none aria-label="Uninstalling the remote cluster"><a href=#uninstalling-the-remote-cluster>Uninstalling the remote cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Manual sidecar injection example"><a href=#manual-sidecar>Manual sidecar injection example</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Manually inject the sidecars into the application manifests"><a href=#manually-inject-the-sidecars-into-the-application-manifests>Manually inject the sidecars into the application manifests</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Access services from different clusters"><a href=#access-services-from-different-clusters>Access services from different clusters</a><li role=none aria-label="Deployment considerations"><a href=#deployment-considerations>Deployment considerations</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Update the DNS entries"><a href=#update-the-dns-entries>Update the DNS entries</a><li role=none aria-label="Use load balance service type"><a href=#use-load-balance-service-type>Use load balance service type</a><li role=none aria-label="Expose the Istio services via a gateway"><a href=#expose-the-istio-services-via-a-gateway>Expose the Istio services via a gateway</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label=Security><a href=#security>Security</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Control plane security"><a href=#control-plane-security>Control plane security</a><li role=none aria-label="Mutual TLS between application pods"><a href=#mutual-tls-between-application-pods>Mutual TLS between application pods</a><li role=none aria-label="Example deployment"><a href=#example-deployment>Example deployment</a><ol><li role=none aria-label="Primary cluster: deploy the control plane cluster"><a href=#primary-cluster-deploy-the-control-plane-cluster>Primary cluster: deploy the control plane cluster</a><li role=none aria-label="Remote cluster: deploy Istio components"><a href=#remote-cluster-deploy-istio-components>Remote cluster: deploy Istio components</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="Primary cluster: instantiate credentials"><a href=#primary-cluster-instantiate-credentials>Primary cluster: instantiate credentials</a></ol></li><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.4.6 now" href=/v1.4/docs/setup/getting-started/#download aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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1.4.6<br>© 2019 Istio Authors, <a href=https://policies.google.com/privacy>Privacy Policy</a><br>Archived on March 5, 2020</p></div><div class=dev-links><a class=channel title="GitHub is where development takes place on Istio code" href=https://github.com/istio/community aria-label=GitHub><span>github</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.4/img/icons.svg#github"/></svg></a>
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