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aria-label=Breadcrumb><ol><li><a href=/v1.1/ title="Connect, secure, control, and observe services.">Istio</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/help/ title="A bunch of resources to help you deploy, configure and use Istio.">Help</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/help/ops/ title="Hints, tips, tricks about running an Istio mesh.">Operations Guide</a></li><li><a href=/v1.1/help/ops/security/ title="Helps you manage the security aspects of a running mesh.">Security</a></li><li>Debugging Authorization</li></ol></nav><article aria-labelledby=title><div class=title-area><div><h1 id=title>Debugging Authorization</h1><p class=byline><span title="949 words"><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#clock"/></svg><span> </span>5 minute read</span></p></div></div><nav class=toc-inlined aria-label="Table of Contents"><div><hr><ol><li role=none aria-label="Ensure Authorization is Enabled Correctly"><a href=#ensure-authorization-is-enabled-correctly>Ensure Authorization is Enabled Correctly</a><li role=none aria-label="Ensure Pilot Accepts the Policies"><a href=#ensure-pilot-accepts-the-policies>Ensure Pilot Accepts the Policies</a><li role=none aria-label="Ensure Pilot Distributes Policies to Proxies Correctly"><a href=#ensure-pilot-distributes-policies-to-proxies-correctly>Ensure Pilot Distributes Policies to Proxies Correctly</a><li role=none aria-label="Ensure Proxies Enforce Policies Correctly"><a href=#ensure-proxies-enforce-policies-correctly>Ensure Proxies Enforce Policies Correctly</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol><hr></div></nav><p>This page demonstrates how to debug Istio authorization.</p><div><aside class="callout idea"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#callout-idea"/></svg></div><div class=content>It would be very helpful to also include a cluster state archive in your email by following instructions in
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<a href=/v1.1/about/bugs>reporting bugs</a>.</div></aside></div><h2 id=ensure-authorization-is-enabled-correctly>Ensure Authorization is Enabled Correctly</h2><p>The <code>ClusterRbacConfig</code> default cluster level singleton custom resource controls the authorization functionality globally.</p><ol><li><p>Run the following command to list existing <code>ClusterRbacConfig</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl get clusterrbacconfigs.rbac.istio.io --all-namespaces
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Verify there is only <strong>one</strong> instance of <code>ClusterRbacConfig</code> with name <code>default</code>. Otherwise, Istio disables the
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authorization functionality and ignores all policies.</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true>NAMESPACE NAME AGE
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default default 1d
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</code></pre></li><li><p>If there is more than one <code>ClusterRbacConfig</code> instance, remove any additional <code>ClusterRbacConfig</code> instances and
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ensure <strong>only one</strong> instance is named <code>default</code>.</p></li></ol><h2 id=ensure-pilot-accepts-the-policies>Ensure Pilot Accepts the Policies</h2><p>Pilot converts and distributes your authorization policies to the proxies. The following steps help
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you ensure Pilot is working as expected:</p><ol><li><p>Run the following command to export the Pilot <code>ControlZ</code>:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl port-forward $(kubectl -n istio-system get pods -l istio=pilot -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -n istio-system 9876:9876
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Verify you see the following output:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true>Forwarding from 127.0.0.1:9876 -> 9876
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Start your browser and open the <code>ControlZ</code> page at <code>http://127.0.0.1:9876/scopez/</code>.</p></li><li><p>Change the <code>rbac</code> Output Level to <code>debug</code>.</p></li><li><p>Use <code>Ctrl+C</code> in the terminal you started in step 1 to stop the port-forward command.</p></li><li><p>Print the log of Pilot and search for <code>rbac</code> with the following command:</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>You probably need to first delete and then re-apply your authorization policies so that
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the debug output is generated for these policies.</div></aside></div><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl logs $(kubectl -n istio-system get pods -l istio=pilot -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c discovery -n istio-system | grep rbac
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the output and verify:</p><ul><li>There are no errors.</li><li>There is a <code>"built filter config for ..."</code> message which means the filter is generated
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for the target service.</li></ul></li><li><p>For example, you might see something similar to the following:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true>2018-07-26T22:25:41.009838Z debug rbac building filter config for {sleep.foo.svc.cluster.local map[app:sleep pod-template-hash:3326367878] map[destination.name:sleep destination.namespace:foo destination.user:default]}
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.009915Z info rbac no service role in namespace foo
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.009957Z info rbac no service role binding in namespace foo
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.010000Z debug rbac generated filter config: { }
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.010114Z info rbac built filter config for sleep.foo.svc.cluster.local
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.182400Z debug rbac building filter config for {productpage.default.svc.cluster.local map[pod-template-hash:2600844901 version:v1 app:productpage] map[destination.name:productpage destination.namespace:default destination.user:bookinfo-productpage]}
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.183131Z debug rbac checking role app2-grpc-viewer
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.183214Z debug rbac role skipped for no AccessRule matched
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.183255Z debug rbac checking role productpage-viewer
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.183281Z debug rbac matched AccessRule[0]
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.183390Z debug rbac generated filter config: {policies:<key:"productpage-viewer" value:<permissions:<and_rules:<rules:<or_rules:<rules:<header:<name:":method" exact_match:"GET" > > > > > > principals:<and_ids:<ids:<any:true > > > > > }
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2018-07-26T22:25:41.184407Z info rbac built filter config for productpage.default.svc.cluster.local
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</code></pre><p>It means Pilot generated:</p><ul><li><p>An empty config for <code>sleep.foo.svc.cluster.local</code> as there is no authorization policies matched
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and Istio denies all requests sent to this service by default.</p></li><li><p>An config for <code>productpage.default.svc.cluster.local</code> and Istio will allow anyone to access it
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with GET method.</p></li></ul></li></ol><h2 id=ensure-pilot-distributes-policies-to-proxies-correctly>Ensure Pilot Distributes Policies to Proxies Correctly</h2><p>Pilot distributes the authorization policies to proxies. The following steps help you ensure Pilot
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is working as expected:</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>The command used in this section assumes you have deployed <a href=/v1.1/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo application</a>,
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otherwise you should replace <code>"-l app=productpage"</code> with your actual pod.</div></aside></div><ol><li><p>Run the following command to get the proxy configuration dump for the <code>productpage</code> service:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl exec $(kubectl get pods -l app=productpage -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c istio-proxy -- curl localhost:15000/config_dump -s
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the log and verify:</p><ul><li>The log includes an <code>envoy.filters.http.rbac</code> filter to enforce the authorization policy
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on each incoming request.</li><li>Istio updates the filter accordingly after you update your authorization policy.</li></ul></li><li><p>The following output means the proxy of <code>productpage</code> has enabled the <code>envoy.filters.http.rbac</code> filter
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with rules that allows anyone to access it via <code>GET</code> method. The <code>shadow_rules</code> are not used and you can ignored them safely.</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true>{
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"name": "envoy.filters.http.rbac",
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"config": {
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"rules": {
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"policies": {
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"productpage-viewer": {
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"permissions": [
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{
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"and_rules": {
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"rules": [
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{
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"or_rules": {
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"rules": [
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{
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"header": {
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"exact_match": "GET",
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"name": ":method"
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}
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}
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]
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}
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}
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]
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}
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}
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],
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"principals": [
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{
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"and_ids": {
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"ids": [
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{
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"any": true
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}
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]
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}
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}
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]
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}
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}
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},
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"shadow_rules": {
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"policies": {}
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}
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}
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},
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</code></pre></li></ol><h2 id=ensure-proxies-enforce-policies-correctly>Ensure Proxies Enforce Policies Correctly</h2><p>Proxies eventually enforce the authorization policies. The following steps help you ensure the proxy
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is working as expected:</p><div><aside class="callout tip"><div class=type><svg class="large-icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#callout-tip"/></svg></div><div class=content>The command used in this section assumes you have deployed <a href=/v1.1/docs/examples/bookinfo/>Bookinfo application</a>.
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otherwise you should replace <code>"-l app=productpage"</code> with your actual pod.</div></aside></div><ol><li><p>Turn on the authorization debug logging in proxy with the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl exec $(kubectl get pods -l app=productpage -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c istio-proxy -- curl -X POST localhost:15000/logging?rbac=debug -s
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Verify you see the following output:</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true>active loggers:
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... ...
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rbac: debug
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... ...
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</code></pre></li><li><p>Visit the <code>productpage</code> in your browser to generate some logs.</p></li><li><p>Print the proxy logs with the following command:</p><pre><code class=language-bash data-expandlinks=true>$ kubectl logs $(kubectl get pods -l app=productpage -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -c istio-proxy
|
|
</code></pre></li><li><p>Check the output and verify:</p><ul><li><p>The output log shows either <code>enforced allowed</code> or <code>enforced denied</code> depending on whether the request
|
|
was allowed or denied respectively.</p></li><li><p>Your authorization policy expects the data extracted from the request.</p></li></ul></li><li><p>The following output means there is a <code>GET</code> request at path <code>/productpage</code> and the policy allows the request.
|
|
The <code>shadow denied</code> has no effect and you can ignore it safely.</p><pre><code class=language-plain data-expandlinks=true>...
|
|
[2018-07-26 20:39:18.060][152][debug][rbac] external/envoy/source/extensions/filters/http/rbac/rbac_filter.cc:79] checking request: remoteAddress: 10.60.0.139:51158, localAddress: 10.60.0.93:9080, ssl: uriSanPeerCertificate: spiffe://cluster.local/ns/istio-system/sa/istio-ingressgateway-service-account, subjectPeerCertificate: O=, headers: ':authority', '35.238.0.62'
|
|
':path', '/productpage'
|
|
':method', 'GET'
|
|
'upgrade-insecure-requests', '1'
|
|
'user-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'
|
|
'dnt', '1'
|
|
'accept', 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8'
|
|
'accept-encoding', 'gzip, deflate'
|
|
'accept-language', 'en-US,en;q=0.9,zh-CN;q=0.8,zh;q=0.7'
|
|
'x-forwarded-for', '10.60.0.1'
|
|
'x-forwarded-proto', 'http'
|
|
'x-request-id', 'e23ea62d-b25d-91be-857c-80a058d746d4'
|
|
'x-b3-traceid', '5983108bf6d05603'
|
|
'x-b3-spanid', '5983108bf6d05603'
|
|
'x-b3-sampled', '1'
|
|
'x-istio-attributes', 'CikKGGRlc3RpbmF0aW9uLnNlcnZpY2UubmFtZRINEgtwcm9kdWN0cGFnZQoqCh1kZXN0aW5hdGlvbi5zZXJ2aWNlLm5hbWVzcGFjZRIJEgdkZWZhdWx0Ck8KCnNvdXJjZS51aWQSQRI/a3ViZXJuZXRlczovL2lzdGlvLWluZ3Jlc3NnYXRld2F5LTc2NjY0Y2NmY2Ytd3hjcjQuaXN0aW8tc3lzdGVtCj4KE2Rlc3RpbmF0aW9uLnNlcnZpY2USJxIlcHJvZHVjdHBhZ2UuZGVmYXVsdC5zdmMuY2x1c3Rlci5sb2NhbApDChhkZXN0aW5hdGlvbi5zZXJ2aWNlLmhvc3QSJxIlcHJvZHVjdHBhZ2UuZGVmYXVsdC5zdmMuY2x1c3Rlci5sb2NhbApBChdkZXN0aW5hdGlvbi5zZXJ2aWNlLnVpZBImEiRpc3RpbzovL2RlZmF1bHQvc2VydmljZXMvcHJvZHVjdHBhZ2U='
|
|
'content-length', '0'
|
|
'x-envoy-internal', 'true'
|
|
'sec-istio-authn-payload', 'CkVjbHVzdGVyLmxvY2FsL25zL2lzdGlvLXN5c3RlbS9zYS9pc3Rpby1pbmdyZXNzZ2F0ZXdheS1zZXJ2aWNlLWFjY291bnQSRWNsdXN0ZXIubG9jYWwvbnMvaXN0aW8tc3lzdGVtL3NhL2lzdGlvLWluZ3Jlc3NnYXRld2F5LXNlcnZpY2UtYWNjb3VudA=='
|
|
, dynamicMetadata: filter_metadata {
|
|
key: "istio_authn"
|
|
value {
|
|
fields {
|
|
key: "request.auth.principal"
|
|
value {
|
|
string_value: "cluster.local/ns/istio-system/sa/istio-ingressgateway-service-account"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
fields {
|
|
key: "source.principal"
|
|
value {
|
|
string_value: "cluster.local/ns/istio-system/sa/istio-ingressgateway-service-account"
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
[2018-07-26 20:39:18.060][152][debug][rbac] external/envoy/source/extensions/filters/http/rbac/rbac_filter.cc:88] shadow denied
|
|
[2018-07-26 20:39:18.060][152][debug][rbac] external/envoy/source/extensions/filters/http/rbac/rbac_filter.cc:98] enforced allowed
|
|
...
|
|
</code></pre></li></ol><nav id=see-also><h2>See also</h2><div class=see-also><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/blog/2018/istio-authorization/>Micro-Segmentation with Istio Authorization</a></p><p class=desc>Describe Istio's authorization feature and how to use it in various use cases.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-http/>Authorization for HTTP Services</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to set up role-based access control for HTTP services.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-tcp/>Authorization for TCP Services</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to set up role-based access control for TCP services.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/authz-permissive/>Authorization permissive mode</a></p><p class=desc>Shows how to use Authorization permissive mode.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/concepts/security/>Security</a></p><p class=desc>Describes Istio's authorization and authentication functionality.</p></div><div class=entry><p class=link><a data-skipendnotes=true href=/v1.1/docs/tasks/security/rbac-groups/>Authorization for groups and list claims</a></p><p class=desc>Tutorial on how to configure the groups-base authorization and configure the authorization of list-typed claims in Istio.</p></div></div></nav></article><nav class=pagenav><div class=left></div><div class=right><a title="What to do if Citadel is not behaving properly." href=/v1.1/help/ops/security/repairing-citadel/>Repairing Citadel<svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#right-arrow"/></svg></a></div></nav><div id=endnotes-container aria-hidden=true><h2>Links</h2><ol id=endnotes></ol></div></div><div class=toc-container><nav class=toc aria-label="Table of Contents"><div id=toc><ol><li role=none aria-label="Ensure Authorization is Enabled Correctly"><a href=#ensure-authorization-is-enabled-correctly>Ensure Authorization is Enabled Correctly</a><li role=none aria-label="Ensure Pilot Accepts the Policies"><a href=#ensure-pilot-accepts-the-policies>Ensure Pilot Accepts the Policies</a><li role=none aria-label="Ensure Pilot Distributes Policies to Proxies Correctly"><a href=#ensure-pilot-distributes-policies-to-proxies-correctly>Ensure Pilot Distributes Policies to Proxies Correctly</a><li role=none aria-label="Ensure Proxies Enforce Policies Correctly"><a href=#ensure-proxies-enforce-policies-correctly>Ensure Proxies Enforce Policies Correctly</a><li role=none aria-label="See also"><a href=#see-also>See also</a></li></ol></div></nav></div></main><footer><div class=user-links><a class=channel title="Go download Istio 1.1.9 now" href=https://github.com/istio/istio/releases/tag/1.1.9 aria-label="Download Istio"><span>download</span><svg class="icon"><use xlink:href="/v1.1/img/icons.svg#download"/></svg>
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