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= Jaeger Operator for Kubernetes
toc::[]

IMPORTANT: The Jaeger Operator version is related to the version of the Jaeger components (Query, Collector, Agent) up to the minor portion. The patch version portion does *not* follow the ones from the Jaeger components. For instance, the Operator version 1.8.1 uses the Jaeger Docker images tagged with version 1.8 by default.

== Installing the operator

=== Kubernetes

NOTE: Make sure your `kubectl` command is properly configured to talk to a valid Kubernetes cluster. If you don't have one yet, check link:https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-minikube/[`minikube`] out.

To install the operator, run:

[source,bash]
----
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/crds/io_v1alpha1_jaeger_crd.yaml
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/service_account.yaml
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/role.yaml
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/role_binding.yaml
kubectl create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/operator.yaml
----

At this point, there should be a `jaeger-operator` deployment available:

[source,bash]
----
$ kubectl get deployment jaeger-operator
NAME              DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
jaeger-operator   1         1         1            1           48s
----

The operator is now ready to create Jaeger instances!

=== OpenShift

The instructions from the previous section also work on OpenShift given that the `operator-openshift.yaml` is used instead of `operator.yaml`. Make sure to install the RBAC rules, the CRD and the operator as a privileged user, such as `system:admin`.

[source,bash]
----
oc login -u system:admin

oc create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/crds/io_v1alpha1_jaeger_crd.yaml
oc create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/service_account.yaml
oc create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/role.yaml
oc create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/role_binding.yaml
oc create -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/operator-openshift.yaml
----

Once the operator is installed, grant the role `jaeger-operator` to users who should be able to install individual Jaeger instances. The following example creates a role binding allowing the user `developer` to create Jaeger instances:

[source,bash]
----
oc create \
  rolebinding developer-jaeger-operator \
  --role=jaeger-operator \
  --user=developer
----

After the role is granted, switch back to a non-privileged user.

== Creating a new Jaeger instance

Example custom resources, for different configurations of Jaeger, can be found https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/tree/master/deploy/examples[here].

The simplest possible way to install is by creating a YAML file like the following:

.simplest.yaml
[source,yaml]
----
apiVersion: io.jaegertracing/v1alpha1
kind: Jaeger
metadata:
  name: simplest
----

The YAML file can then be used with `kubectl`:
[source,bash]
----
kubectl apply -f simplest.yaml
----

In a few seconds, a new in-memory all-in-one instance of Jaeger will be available, suitable for quick demos and development purposes. To check the instances that were created, list the `jaeger` objects:

[source,bash]
----
$ kubectl get jaeger
NAME        CREATED AT
simplest    28s
----

To get the pod name, query for the pods belonging to the `simplest` Jaeger  instance:

[source,bash]
----
$ kubectl get pods -l jaeger=simplest
NAME                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
simplest-6499bb6cdd-kqx75   1/1       Running   0          2m
----

Similarly, the logs can be queried either from the pod directly using the pod name obtained from the previous example, or from all pods belonging to our instance:

[source,bash]
----
$ kubectl logs -l jaeger=simplest 
...
{"level":"info","ts":1535385688.0951214,"caller":"healthcheck/handler.go:133","msg":"Health Check state change","status":"ready"}
----

For reference, here's how a more complex all-in-one instance can be created:

.all-in-one.yaml
[source,yaml]
----
apiVersion: io.jaegertracing/v1alpha1
kind: Jaeger
metadata:
  name: my-jaeger
spec:
  strategy: allInOne # <1>
  allInOne:
    image: jaegertracing/all-in-one:1.9 # <2>
    options: # <3>
      log-level: debug # <4>
  storage:
    type: memory # <5>
    options: # <6>
      memory: # <7>
        max-traces: 100000
  ingress:
    enabled: false # <8>
  agent:
    strategy: DaemonSet # <9>
  annotations:
    scheduler.alpha.kubernetes.io/critical-pod: "" # <10>
----
<1> The default strategy is `allInOne`. The only other possible value is `production`.
<2> The image to use, in a regular Docker syntax
<3> The (non-storage related) options to be passed verbatim to the underlying binary. Refer to the Jaeger documentation and/or to the `--help` option from the related binary for all the available options.
<4> The option is a simple `key: value` map. In this case, we want the option `--log-level=debug` to be passed to the binary.
<5> The storage type to be used. By default it will be `memory`, but can be any other supported storage type (e.g. elasticsearch, cassandra, kafka, etc).
<6> All storage related options should be placed here, rather than under the 'allInOne' or other component options.
<7> Some options are namespaced and we can alternatively break them into nested objects. We could have specified `memory.max-traces: 100000`.
<8> By default, an ingress object is created for the query service. It can be disabled by setting its `enabled` option to `false`. If deploying on OpenShift, this will be represented by a Route object.
<9> By default, the operator assumes that agents are deployed as sidecars within the target pods. Specifying the strategy as "DaemonSet" changes that and makes the operator deploy the agent as DaemonSet. Note that your tracer client will probably have to override the "JAEGER_AGENT_HOST" env var to use the node's IP.
<10> Define annotations to be applied to all deployments (not services). These can be overridden by annotations defined on the individual components.

== Accessing the UI

=== Kubernetes

The operator creates a Kubernetes link:https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress/[`ingress`] route, which is the Kubernetes' standard for exposing a service to the outside world, but it comes with no Ingress providers by default. link:https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/deploy/#verify-installation[Check the documentation] on what's the most appropriate way to achieve that for your platform, but the following commands should provide a good start on `minikube`:

[source,bash]
----
minikube addons enable ingress
----

Once that is done, the UI can be found by querying the Ingress object:

[source,bash]
----
$ kubectl get ingress
NAME             HOSTS     ADDRESS          PORTS     AGE
simplest-query   *         192.168.122.34   80        3m
----

IMPORTANT: an `Ingress` object is *not* created when the operator is started with the `--platform=openshift` flag, such as when using the resource `operator-openshift.yaml`.

In this example, the Jaeger UI is available at http://192.168.122.34

=== OpenShift

When using the `operator-openshift.yaml` resource, the Operator will automatically create a `Route` object for the query services. Check the hostname/port with the following command:

[source,bash]
----
oc get routes
----

NOTE: make sure to use `https` with the hostname/port you get from the command above, otherwise you'll see a message like: "Application is not available".

By default, the Jaeger UI is protected with OpenShift's OAuth service and any valid user is able to login. For development purposes, the user/password combination `developer/developer` can be used. To disable this feature and leave the Jaeger UI unsecured, set the Ingress property `security` to `none`:

[source,yaml]
----
apiVersion: io.jaegertracing/v1alpha1
kind: Jaeger
metadata:
  name: disable-oauth-proxy
spec:
  ingress:
    security: none
----

== Auto injection of Jaeger Agent sidecars

The operator can also inject Jaeger Agent sidecars in `Deployment` workloads, provided that the deployment has the annotation `inject-jaeger-agent` with a suitable value. The values can be either `"true"` (as string), or the Jaeger instance name, as returned by `kubectl get jaegers`. When `"true"` is used, there should be exactly *one* Jaeger instance for the same namespace as the deployment, otherwise, the operator can't figure out automatically which Jaeger instance to use.

The following snippet shows a simple application that will get a sidecar injected, with the Jaeger Agent pointing to the single Jaeger instance available in the same namespace:

[source,yaml]
----
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: myapp
  annotations:
    inject-jaeger-agent: "true" # <1>
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp
        image: acme/myapp:myversion
----
<1> Either `"true"` (as string) or the Jaeger instance name

== Agent as DaemonSet

By default, the Operator expects the agents to be deployed as sidecars to the target applications. This is convenient for several purposes, like in a multi-tenant scenario or to have better load balancing, but there are scenarios where it's desirable to install the agent as a `DaemonSet`. In that case, specify the Agent's strategy to `DaemonSet`, as follows:

[source,yaml]
----
apiVersion: io.jaegertracing/v1alpha1
kind: Jaeger
metadata:
  name: my-jaeger
spec:
  agent:
    strategy: DaemonSet
----

IMPORTANT: if you attempt to install two Jaeger instances on the same cluster with `DaemonSet` as the strategy, only *one* will end up deploying a `DaemonSet`, as the agent is required to bind to well-known ports on the node. Because of that, the second daemon set will fail to bind to those ports.

Your tracer client will then most likely need to be told where the agent is located. This is usually done by setting the env var `JAEGER_AGENT_HOST` and should be set to the value of the Kubernetes node's IP, like:

[source,yaml]
----
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp
        image: acme/myapp:myversion
        env:
        - name: JAEGER_AGENT_HOST
          valueFrom:
            fieldRef:
              fieldPath: status.hostIP
----

== Secrets support

The Operator supports passing secrets to the Collector, Query and All-In-One deployments. This can be used for example, to pass credentials (username/password) to access the underlying storage backend (for ex: Elasticsearch).
The secrets are available as environment variables in the (Collector/Query/All-In-One) nodes.

[source,yaml]
----
    storage:
      type: elasticsearch
      options:
        es:
          server-urls: http://elasticsearch:9200
      secretName: jaeger-secrets
----

The secret itself would be managed outside of the `jaeger-operator` CR.

== Define sampling strategies

The operator can be used to define sampling strategies that will be supplied to tracers that have been configured
to use a remote sampler:

[source,yaml]
----
apiVersion: io.jaegertracing/v1alpha1
kind: Jaeger
metadata:
  name: with-sampling
spec:
  strategy: allInOne
  sampling:
    options:
      default_strategy:
        type: probabilistic
        param: 50
----

This example defines a default sampling strategy that is probabilistic, with a 50% chance of the trace instances being
sampled.

Refer to the Jaeger documentation on link:https://www.jaegertracing.io/docs/latest/sampling/#collector-sampling-configuration[Collector Sampling Configuration] to see how service and endpoint sampling can be configured. The JSON representation described in that documentation can be used in the operator by converting to YAML.

== Schema migration

=== Cassandra

When the storage type is set to Cassandra, the operator will automatically create a batch job that creates the required schema for Jaeger to run. This batch job will block the Jaeger installation, so that it starts only after the schema is successfuly created. The creation of this batch job can be disabled by setting the `enabled` property to `false`:

[source,yaml]
----
apiVersion: io.jaegertracing/v1alpha1
kind: Jaeger
metadata:
  name: cassandra-without-create-schema
spec:
  strategy: allInOne
  storage:
    type: cassandra
    cassandraCreateSchema:
      enabled: false # <1>
----
<1> Defaults to `true`

Further aspects of the batch job can be configured as well. An example with all the possible options is shown below:

[source,yaml]
----
apiVersion: io.jaegertracing/v1alpha1
kind: Jaeger
metadata:
  name: cassandra-with-create-schema
spec:
  strategy: allInOne # <1>
  storage:
    type: cassandra
    options: # <2>
      cassandra:
        servers: cassandra
        keyspace: jaeger_v1_datacenter3
    cassandraCreateSchema: # <3>
      datacenter: "datacenter3"
      mode: "test"
----
<1> The same works for `production`
<2> These options are for the regular Jaeger components, like `collector` and `query`
<3> The options for the `create-schema` job

NOTE: the default create-schema job uses `MODE=prod`, which implies a replication factor of `2`, using `NetworkTopologyStrategy` as the class, effectively meaning that at least 3 nodes are required in the Cassandra cluster. If a `SimpleStrategy` is desired, set the mode to `test`, which then sets the replication factor of `1`. Refer to the link:https://github.com/jaegertracing/jaeger/blob/master/plugin/storage/cassandra/schema/create.sh[create-schema script] for more details.

== Removing an instance

To remove an instance, just use the `delete` command with the file used for the instance creation:
[source,bash]
----
kubectl delete -f simplest.yaml
----

Alternatively, you can remove a Jaeger instance by running:
[source,bash]
----
kubectl delete jaeger simplest
----

NOTE: deleting the instance will not remove the data from a permanent storage used with this instance. Data from in-memory instances, however, will be lost.

== Uninstalling the operator

Similar to the installation, just run:

[source,bash]
----
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/operator.yaml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/role_binding.yaml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/role.yaml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/service_account.yaml
kubectl delete -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaegertracing/jaeger-operator/master/deploy/crds/io_v1alpha1_jaeger_crd.yaml
----
