# Hello World - .NET Core sample

A simple web app written in C# using .NET Core 2.1 that you can use for testing.
It reads in an env variable `TARGET` and prints "Hello ${TARGET}!". If
TARGET is not specified, it will use "World" as the TARGET.

## Prerequisites

* A Kubernetes cluster with Knative installed. Follow the
  [installation instructions](https://github.com/knative/docs/blob/master/install/README.md) if you need
  to create one.
* [Docker](https://www.docker.com) installed and running on your local machine,
  and a Docker Hub account configured (we'll use it for a container registry).
* You have installed [.NET Core SDK 2.1](https://www.microsoft.com/net/core).

## Recreating the sample code

While you can clone all of the code from this directory, hello world apps are
generally more useful if you build them step-by-step. The following instructions
recreate the source files from this folder.

1. From the console, create a new empty web project using the dotnet command:

    ```shell
    dotnet new web -o helloworld-csharp
    ```

1. Update the `CreateWebHostBuilder` definition in `Program.cs` by adding
   `.UseUrls()` to define the serving port:

    ```csharp
    public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args)
    {
        string port = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("PORT") ?? "8080";
        string url = String.Concat("http://0.0.0.0:", port);

        return WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
            .UseStartup<Startup>().UseUrls(url);
    }
    ```

1. Update the `app.Run(...)` statement in `Startup.cs` to read and return the
   TARGET environment variable:

    ```csharp
    app.Run(async (context) =>
    {
        var target = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("TARGET") ?? "World";
        await context.Response.WriteAsync($"Hello {target}\n");
    });
    ```

1. In your project directory, create a file named `Dockerfile` and copy the code
   block below into it. For detailed instructions on dockerizing a .NET core app,
   see [dockerizing a .NET core app](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/docker/docker-basics-dotnet-core#dockerize-the-net-core-application).

    ```docker
    # Use Microsoft's official .NET image.
    # https://hub.docker.com/r/microsoft/dotnet
    FROM microsoft/dotnet:2.1-sdk

    # Install production dependencies.
    # Copy csproj and restore as distinct layers.
    WORKDIR /app
    COPY *.csproj .
    RUN dotnet restore

    # Copy local code to the container image.
    COPY . .

    # Build a release artifact.
    RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o out

    # Configure and document the service HTTP port.
    ENV PORT 8080
    EXPOSE $PORT

    # Run the web service on container startup.
    CMD ["dotnet", "out/helloworld-csharp.dll"]
    ```

1. Create a new file, `service.yaml` and copy the following service definition
   into the file. Make sure to replace `{username}` with your Docker Hub username.

    ```yaml
    apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1alpha1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: helloworld-csharp
      namespace: default
    spec:
      runLatest:
        configuration:
          revisionTemplate:
            spec:
              container:
                image: docker.io/{username}/helloworld-csharp
                env:
                - name: TARGET
                  value: "C# Sample v1"
    ```

## Building and deploying the sample

Once you have recreated the sample code files (or used the files in the sample
folder) you're ready to build and deploy the sample app.

1. Use Docker to build the sample code into a container. To build and push with
   Docker Hub, run these commands replacing `{username}` with your
   Docker Hub username:

    ```shell
    # Build the container on your local machine
    docker build -t {username}/helloworld-csharp .

    # Push the container to docker registry
    docker push {username}/helloworld-csharp
    ```

1. After the build has completed and the container is pushed to docker hub, you
   can deploy the app into your cluster. Ensure that the container image value
   in `service.yaml` matches the container you built in
   the previous step. Apply the configuration using `kubectl`:

    ```shell
    kubectl apply --filename service.yaml
    ```

1. Now that your service is created, Knative will perform the following steps:
   * Create a new immutable revision for this version of the app.
   * Network programming to create a route, ingress, service, and load balance for your app.
   * Automatically scale your pods up and down (including to zero active pods).

1. To find the IP address for your service, use
   `kubectl get svc knative-ingressgateway --namespace istio-system` to get the ingress IP for your
   cluster. If your cluster is new, it may take sometime for the service to get asssigned
   an external IP address.

    ```shell
    kubectl get svc knative-ingressgateway --namespace istio-system

    NAME                     TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)                                      AGE
    knative-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   10.23.247.74   35.203.155.229   80:32380/TCP,443:32390/TCP,32400:32400/TCP   2d

    ```

1. To find the URL for your service, use
    ```
    kubectl get ksvc helloworld-csharp  --output=custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,DOMAIN:.status.domain
    NAME                DOMAIN
    helloworld-csharp   helloworld-csharp.default.example.com
    ```

1. Now you can make a request to your app to see the result. Replace
   `{IP_ADDRESS}` with the address you see returned in the previous step.

    ```shell
    curl -H "Host: helloworld-csharp.default.example.com" http://{IP_ADDRESS}
    Hello World!
    ```

## Removing the sample app deployment

To remove the sample app from your cluster, delete the service record:

```shell
kubectl delete --filename service.yaml
```
