docs/community/samples/serving/helloworld-rust

Hello World - Rust sample

A simple web app written in Rust that you can use for testing. It reads in an env variable TARGET and prints "Hello ${TARGET}!". If

TARGET is not specified, it will use "World" as the TARGET.

Prerequisites

• A Kubernetes cluster with Knative installed. Follow the installation instructions if you need to create one.
• Docker installed and running on your local machine, and a Docker Hub account configured (we'll use it for a container registry).

Steps to recreate the sample code

While you can clone all of the code from this directory, hello world apps are generally more useful if you build them step-by-step. The following instructions recreate the source files from this folder.

1. Create a new file named Cargo.toml and paste the following code:

   [package]
   name = "hellorust"
   version = "0.0.0"
   publish = false
   
   [dependencies]
   hyper = "0.12.3"
   pretty_env_logger = "0.2.3"
   

2. Create a src folder, then create a new file named main.rs in that folder and paste the following code. This code creates a basic web server which listens on port 8080:

   #![deny(warnings)]
   extern crate hyper;
   extern crate pretty_env_logger;
   
   use hyper::{Body, Response, Server};
   use hyper::service::service_fn_ok;
   use hyper::rt::{self, Future};
   use std::env;
   
   fn main() {
       pretty_env_logger::init();
   
       let mut port: u16 = 8080;
       match env::var("PORT") {
           Ok(p) => {
               match p.parse::<u16>() {
                   Ok(n) => {port = n;},
                   Err(_e) => {},
               };
           }
           Err(_e) => {},
       };
       let addr = ([0, 0, 0, 0], port).into();
   
       let new_service = || {
           service_fn_ok(|_| {
   
               let mut hello = "Hello ".to_string();
               match env::var("TARGET") {
                   Ok(target) => {hello.push_str(&target);},
                   Err(_e) => {hello.push_str("World")},
               };
   
               Response::new(Body::from(hello))
           })
       };
   
       let server = Server::bind(&addr)
           .serve(new_service)
           .map_err(|e| eprintln!("server error: {}", e));
   
       println!("Listening on http://{}", addr);
   
       rt::run(server);
   }
   

3. In your project directory, create a file named Dockerfile and copy the code block below into it.

   # Use the official Rust image.
   # https://hub.docker.com/_/rust
   FROM rust:1.27.0
   
   # Copy local code to the container image.
   WORKDIR /usr/src/app
   COPY . .
   
   # Install production dependencies and build a release artifact.
   RUN cargo install
   
   # Service must listen to $PORT environment variable.
   # This default value facilitates local development.
   ENV PORT 8080
   
   # Run the web service on container startup.
   CMD ["hellorust"]
   

4. Create a new file, service.yaml and copy the following service definition into the file. Make sure to replace {username} with your Docker Hub username.

   apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1alpha1
   kind: Service
   metadata:
   name: helloworld-rust
   namespace: default
   spec:
   runLatest:
     configuration:
     revisionTemplate:
       spec:
       container:
         image: docker.io/{username}/helloworld-rust
         env:
           - name: TARGET
         value: "Rust Sample v1"
   

Build and deploy this sample

Once you have recreated the sample code files (or used the files in the sample folder) you're ready to build and deploy the sample app.

1. Use Docker to build the sample code into a container. To build and push with Docker Hub, enter these commands replacing {username} with your Docker Hub username:

   # Build the container on your local machine
   docker build -t {username}/helloworld-rust .
   
   # Push the container to docker registry
   docker push {username}/helloworld-rust
   

2. After the build has completed and the container is pushed to Docker Hub, you can deploy the app into your cluster. Ensure that the container image value in service.yaml matches the container you built in the previous step. Apply the configuration using kubectl:

   kubectl apply --filename service.yaml
   

3. Now that your service is created, Knative will perform the following steps:

   • Create a new immutable revision for this version of the app.
   • Network programming to create a route, ingress, service, and load balance for your app.
   • Automatically scale your pods up and down (including to zero active pods).

4. To find the IP address for your service, enter these commands to get the ingress IP for your cluster. If your cluster is new, it may take sometime for the service to get asssigned an external IP address.

   # In Knative 0.2.x and prior versions, the `knative-ingressgateway` service was used instead of `istio-ingressgateway`.
   INGRESSGATEWAY=knative-ingressgateway
   
   # The use of `knative-ingressgateway` is deprecated in Knative v0.3.x.
   # Use `istio-ingressgateway` instead, since `knative-ingressgateway`
   # will be removed in Knative v0.4.
   if kubectl get configmap config-istio -n knative-serving &> /dev/null; then
       INGRESSGATEWAY=istio-ingressgateway
   fi
   
   kubectl get svc $INGRESSGATEWAY --namespace istio-system
   
   NAME                     TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)                                      AGE
   xxxxxxx-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   10.23.247.74   35.203.155.229   80:32380/TCP,443:32390/TCP,32400:32400/TCP   2d
   
   

5. To find the URL for your service, enter:

   kubectl get ksvc helloworld-rust  --output=custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,DOMAIN:.status.domain
   NAME                DOMAIN
   helloworld-rust     helloworld-rust.default.example.com
   

6. Now you can make a request to your app and see the result. Replace {IP_ADDRESS} with the address you see returned in the previous step.

   curl -H "Host: helloworld-rust.default.example.com" http://{IP_ADDRESS}
   Hello World!
   

Removing the sample app deployment

To remove the sample app from your cluster, delete the service record:

kubectl delete --filename service.yaml