pkg/apis/field_error.go

/*
Copyright 2017 The Knative Authors

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package apis

import (
	"fmt"
	"sort"
	"strings"

	"knative.dev/pkg/kmp"
)

// CurrentField is a constant to supply as a fieldPath for when there is
// a problem with the current field itself.
const CurrentField = ""

// DiagnosticLevel is used to signal the severity of a particular diagnostic
// in the form of a FieldError.
type DiagnosticLevel int

const (
	// ErrorLevel is used to signify fatal/blocking diagnostics, e.g. those
	// that should block admission in a validating admission webhook.
	ErrorLevel DiagnosticLevel = iota

	// WarningLevel is used to signify information/non-blocking diagnostics,
	// e.g. those that should be surfaced as warnings in a validating admission
	// webhook.
	WarningLevel
)

func (dl DiagnosticLevel) String() string {
	switch dl {
	case ErrorLevel:
		return "Error"
	case WarningLevel:
		return "Warning"

	default:
		return fmt.Sprintf("<UNKNOWN: %d>", dl)
	}
}

// FieldError is used to propagate the context of errors pertaining to
// specific fields in a manner suitable for use in a recursive walk, so
// that errors contain the appropriate field context.
// FieldError methods are non-mutating.
// +k8s:deepcopy-gen=true
type FieldError struct {
	// Message holds the main diagnostic message carried by this FieldError
	Message string

	// Paths holds a list of paths to which this diagnostic pertains
	Paths []string

	// Level holds the severity of the diagnostic.
	// If empty, this defaults to ErrorLevel.
	Level DiagnosticLevel

	// Details contains an optional longer payload.
	// +optional
	Details string

	errors []FieldError
}

// FieldError implements error
var _ error = (*FieldError)(nil)

// ViaField is used to propagate a validation error along a field access.
// For example, if a type recursively validates its "spec" via:
//
//	if err := foo.Spec.Validate(); err != nil {
//	  // Augment any field paths with the context that they were accessed
//	  // via "spec".
//	  return err.ViaField("spec")
//	}
func (fe *FieldError) ViaField(prefix ...string) *FieldError {
	if fe == nil {
		return nil
	}
	// Copy over message and details, paths will be updated and errors come
	// along using .Also().
	newErr := &FieldError{
		Message: fe.Message,
		Level:   fe.Level,
		Details: fe.Details,
	}

	// Prepend the Prefix to existing errors.
	newPaths := make([]string, 0, len(fe.Paths))
	for _, oldPath := range fe.Paths {
		newPaths = append(newPaths, flatten(append(prefix, oldPath)))
	}
	newErr.Paths = newPaths
	for _, e := range fe.errors {
		newErr = newErr.Also(e.ViaField(prefix...))
	}
	return newErr
}

// ViaIndex is used to attach an index to the next ViaField provided.
// For example, if a type recursively validates a parameter that has a collection:
//
//	for i, c := range spec.Collection {
//	  if err := doValidation(c); err != nil {
//	    return err.ViaIndex(i).ViaField("collection")
//	  }
//	}
func (fe *FieldError) ViaIndex(index int) *FieldError {
	return fe.ViaField(asIndex(index))
}

// ViaFieldIndex is the short way to chain: err.ViaIndex(bar).ViaField(foo)
func (fe *FieldError) ViaFieldIndex(field string, index int) *FieldError {
	return fe.ViaIndex(index).ViaField(field)
}

// ViaKey is used to attach a key to the next ViaField provided.
// For example, if a type recursively validates a parameter that has a collection:
//
//	for k, v := range spec.Bag {
//	  if err := doValidation(v); err != nil {
//	    return err.ViaKey(k).ViaField("bag")
//	  }
//	}
func (fe *FieldError) ViaKey(key string) *FieldError {
	return fe.ViaField(asKey(key))
}

// ViaFieldKey is the short way to chain: err.ViaKey(bar).ViaField(foo)
func (fe *FieldError) ViaFieldKey(field, key string) *FieldError {
	return fe.ViaKey(key).ViaField(field)
}

// At is a way to alter the level of the diagnostics held in this FieldError.
//
//	ErrMissingField("foo").At(WarningLevel)
func (fe *FieldError) At(l DiagnosticLevel) *FieldError {
	if fe == nil {
		return nil
	}
	// Copy over message and details, paths will be updated and errors come
	// along using .Also().
	newErr := &FieldError{
		Message: fe.Message,
		Level:   l,
		Details: fe.Details,
		Paths:   fe.Paths,
	}

	for _, e := range fe.errors {
		newErr = newErr.Also(e.At(l))
	}
	return newErr
}

// Filter is a way to access the set of diagnostics having a particular level.
//
//	if err := x.Validate(ctx).Filter(ErrorLevel); err != nil {
//	   return err
//	}
func (fe *FieldError) Filter(l DiagnosticLevel) *FieldError {
	if fe == nil {
		return nil
	}
	var newErr *FieldError
	if l == fe.Level {
		newErr = &FieldError{
			Message: fe.Message,
			Level:   fe.Level,
			Details: fe.Details,
			Paths:   fe.Paths,
		}
	}

	for _, e := range fe.errors {
		newErr = newErr.Also(e.Filter(l))
	}
	if newErr.isEmpty() {
		return nil
	}
	return newErr
}

// Also collects errors, returns a new collection of existing errors and new errors.
func (fe *FieldError) Also(errs ...*FieldError) *FieldError {
	// Avoid doing any work, if we don't have to.
	if l := len(errs); l == 0 || l == 1 && errs[0].isEmpty() {
		return fe
	}

	var newErr *FieldError
	// collect the current objects errors, if it has any
	if !fe.isEmpty() {
		newErr = fe.DeepCopy()
	} else {
		newErr = &FieldError{}
	}
	// and then collect the passed in errors
	for _, e := range errs {
		if !e.isEmpty() {
			newErr.errors = append(newErr.errors, *e)
		}
	}
	if newErr.isEmpty() {
		return nil
	}
	return newErr
}

func (fe *FieldError) isEmpty() bool {
	if fe == nil {
		return true
	}
	return fe.Message == "" && fe.Details == "" && len(fe.errors) == 0 && len(fe.Paths) == 0
}

// normalized returns a flattened copy of all the errors.
func (fe *FieldError) normalized() []*FieldError {
	// In case we call normalized on a nil object, return just an empty
	// list. This can happen when .Error() is called on a nil object.
	if fe == nil {
		return []*FieldError(nil)
	}

	// Allocate errors with at least as many objects as we'll get on the first pass.
	errors := make([]*FieldError, 0, len(fe.errors)+1)
	// If this FieldError is a leaf, add it.
	if fe.Message != "" {
		errors = append(errors, &FieldError{
			Message: fe.Message,
			Level:   fe.Level,
			Paths:   fe.Paths,
			Details: fe.Details,
		})
	}
	// And then collect all other errors recursively.
	for _, e := range fe.errors {
		errors = append(errors, e.normalized()...)
	}
	return errors
}

// WrappedErrors returns the value of the errors after normalizing and deduping using merge().
func (fe *FieldError) WrappedErrors() []*FieldError {
	return merge(fe.normalized())
}

// Error implements error
func (fe *FieldError) Error() string {
	// Get the list of errors as a flat merged list.
	normedErrors := fe.WrappedErrors()
	errs := make([]string, 0, len(normedErrors))
	for _, e := range normedErrors {
		if e.Details == "" {
			errs = append(errs, fmt.Sprintf("%v: %v", e.Message, strings.Join(e.Paths, ", ")))
		} else {
			errs = append(errs, fmt.Sprintf("%v: %v\n%v", e.Message, strings.Join(e.Paths, ", "), e.Details))
		}
	}
	return strings.Join(errs, "\n")
}

// Helpers ---

func asIndex(index int) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("[%d]", index)
}

func isIndex(part string) bool {
	return strings.HasPrefix(part, "[") && strings.HasSuffix(part, "]")
}

func asKey(key string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("[%s]", key)
}

// flatten takes in a array of path components and looks for chances to flatten
// objects that have index prefixes, examples:
//
//	err([0]).ViaField(bar).ViaField(foo) -> foo.bar.[0] converts to foo.bar[0]
//	err(bar).ViaIndex(0).ViaField(foo) -> foo.[0].bar converts to foo[0].bar
//	err(bar).ViaField(foo).ViaIndex(0) -> [0].foo.bar converts to [0].foo.bar
//	err(bar).ViaIndex(0).ViaIndex(1).ViaField(foo) -> foo.[1].[0].bar converts to foo[1][0].bar
func flatten(path []string) string {
	var newPath []string
	for _, part := range path {
		for _, p := range strings.Split(part, ".") {
			switch {
			case p == CurrentField:
				continue
			case len(newPath) > 0 && isIndex(p):
				newPath[len(newPath)-1] += p
			default:
				newPath = append(newPath, p)
			}
		}
	}
	return strings.Join(newPath, ".")
}

// mergePaths takes in two string slices and returns the combination of them
// without any duplicate entries.
func mergePaths(a, b []string) []string {
	newPaths := make([]string, 0, len(a)+len(b))
	newPaths = append(newPaths, a...)
	for _, bi := range b {
		if !containsString(newPaths, bi) {
			newPaths = append(newPaths, bi)
		}
	}
	return newPaths
}

// containsString takes in a string slice and looks for the provided string
// within the slice.
func containsString(slice []string, s string) bool {
	for _, item := range slice {
		if item == s {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// merge takes in a flat list of FieldErrors and returns back a merged list of
// FieldErrors. FieldErrors have their Paths combined (and de-duped) if their
// Message and Details are the same. Merge will not inspect FieldError.errors.
// Merge will also sort the .Path slice, and the errors slice before returning.
func merge(errs []*FieldError) []*FieldError {
	// make a map big enough for all the errors.
	m := make(map[string]*FieldError, len(errs))

	// Convert errs to a map where the key is <message>-<details> and the value
	// is the error. If an error already exists in the map with the same key,
	// then the paths will be merged.
	for _, e := range errs {
		k := key(e)
		if v, ok := m[k]; ok {
			// Found a match, merge the keys.
			v.Paths = mergePaths(v.Paths, e.Paths)
		} else {
			// Does not exist in the map, save the error.
			m[k] = e
		}
	}

	// Take the map made previously and flatten it back out again.
	newErrs := make([]*FieldError, 0, len(m))
	for _, v := range m {
		// While we have access to the merged paths, sort them too.
		sort.Slice(v.Paths, func(i, j int) bool { return v.Paths[i] < v.Paths[j] })
		newErrs = append(newErrs, v)
	}

	// Sort the flattened map.
	sort.Slice(newErrs, func(i, j int) bool {
		if newErrs[i].Message == newErrs[j].Message {
			if newErrs[i].Details == newErrs[j].Details {
				return newErrs[i].Level < newErrs[j].Level
			}
			return newErrs[i].Details < newErrs[j].Details
		}
		return newErrs[i].Message < newErrs[j].Message
	})

	// return back the merged list of sorted errors.
	return newErrs
}

// key returns the key using the fields .Message and .Details.
func key(err *FieldError) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s-%s-%s", err.Level, err.Message, err.Details)
}

// Public helpers ---

// ErrMissingField is a variadic helper method for constructing a FieldError for
// a set of missing fields.
func ErrMissingField(fieldPaths ...string) *FieldError {
	return &FieldError{
		Message: "missing field(s)",
		Paths:   fieldPaths,
	}
}

// ErrDisallowedFields is a variadic helper method for constructing a FieldError
// for a set of disallowed fields.
func ErrDisallowedFields(fieldPaths ...string) *FieldError {
	return &FieldError{
		Message: "must not set the field(s)",
		Paths:   fieldPaths,
	}
}

// ErrDisallowedUpdateDeprecatedFields is a variadic helper method for
// constructing a FieldError for updating of deprecated fields.
func ErrDisallowedUpdateDeprecatedFields(fieldPaths ...string) *FieldError {
	return &FieldError{
		Message: "must not update deprecated field(s)",
		Paths:   fieldPaths,
	}
}

// ErrInvalidArrayValue constructs a FieldError for a repetitive `field`
// at `index` that has received an invalid value.
func ErrInvalidArrayValue(value interface{}, field string, index int) *FieldError {
	return ErrInvalidValue(value, CurrentField).ViaFieldIndex(field, index)
}

// ErrInvalidValue is a variadic helper method for constructing a FieldError
// for a field that has received an invalid value.
func ErrInvalidValue(value interface{}, fieldPath string, details ...string) *FieldError {
	return &FieldError{
		Message: fmt.Sprint("invalid value: ", value),
		Paths:   []string{fieldPath},
		Details: strings.Join(details, ", "),
	}
}

// ErrGeneric constructs a FieldError to allow for the different error strings for the
// the different cases.
func ErrGeneric(diagnostic string, fieldPaths ...string) *FieldError {
	return &FieldError{
		Message: diagnostic,
		Paths:   fieldPaths,
	}
}

// ErrMissingOneOf is a variadic helper method for constructing a FieldError for
// not having at least one field in a mutually exclusive field group.
func ErrMissingOneOf(fieldPaths ...string) *FieldError {
	return &FieldError{
		Message: "expected exactly one, got neither",
		Paths:   fieldPaths,
	}
}

// ErrMultipleOneOf is a variadic helper method for constructing a FieldError
// for having more than one field set in a mutually exclusive field group.
func ErrMultipleOneOf(fieldPaths ...string) *FieldError {
	return &FieldError{
		Message: "expected exactly one, got both",
		Paths:   fieldPaths,
	}
}

// ErrInvalidKeyName is a variadic helper method for constructing a FieldError
// that specifies a key name that is invalid.
func ErrInvalidKeyName(key, fieldPath string, details ...string) *FieldError {
	return &FieldError{
		Message: fmt.Sprintf("invalid key name %q", key),
		Paths:   []string{fieldPath},
		Details: strings.Join(details, ", "),
	}
}

// ErrOutOfBoundsValue constructs a FieldError for a field that has received an
// out of bound value.
func ErrOutOfBoundsValue(value, lower, upper interface{}, fieldPath string) *FieldError {
	return &FieldError{
		Message: fmt.Sprintf("expected %v <= %v <= %v", lower, value, upper),
		Paths:   []string{fieldPath},
	}
}

// CheckDisallowedFields compares the request object against a masked request object. Fields
// that are set in the request object that are unset in the mask are reported back as disallowed fields. If
// there is an error comparing the two objects FieldError of "Internal Error" is returned.
func CheckDisallowedFields(request, maskedRequest interface{}) *FieldError {
	if disallowed, err := kmp.CompareSetFields(request, maskedRequest); err != nil {
		return &FieldError{
			Message: "Internal Error",
			Paths:   []string{CurrentField},
		}
	} else if len(disallowed) > 0 {
		return ErrDisallowedFields(disallowed...)
	}
	return nil
}