Add support for native TLS
- introduce new flag `tls-config` to pass the path to tls config file Signed-off-by: Mayank Shah <mayankshah1614@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
parent
72d6d31068
commit
ec2a3ff831
|
|
@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ Usage of ./kube-state-metrics:
|
|||
--stderrthreshold severity logs at or above this threshold go to stderr (default 2)
|
||||
--telemetry-host string Host to expose kube-state-metrics self metrics on. (default "::")
|
||||
--telemetry-port int Port to expose kube-state-metrics self metrics on. (default 8081)
|
||||
--tls-config string Path to the TLS configuration file
|
||||
--total-shards int The total number of shards. Sharding is disabled when total shards is set to 1. (default 1)
|
||||
-v, --v Level number for the log level verbosity
|
||||
--version kube-state-metrics build version information
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -3,7 +3,9 @@ groups:
|
|||
rules:
|
||||
- alert: KubeStateMetricsListErrors
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
description: kube-state-metrics is experiencing errors at an elevated rate in list operations. This is likely causing it to not be able to expose metrics about Kubernetes objects correctly or at all.
|
||||
description: kube-state-metrics is experiencing errors at an elevated rate in
|
||||
list operations. This is likely causing it to not be able to expose metrics
|
||||
about Kubernetes objects correctly or at all.
|
||||
summary: kube-state-metrics is experiencing errors in list operations.
|
||||
expr: |
|
||||
(sum(rate(kube_state_metrics_list_total{job="kube-state-metrics",result="error"}[5m]))
|
||||
|
|
@ -15,7 +17,9 @@ groups:
|
|||
severity: critical
|
||||
- alert: KubeStateMetricsWatchErrors
|
||||
annotations:
|
||||
description: kube-state-metrics is experiencing errors at an elevated rate in watch operations. This is likely causing it to not be able to expose metrics about Kubernetes objects correctly or at all.
|
||||
description: kube-state-metrics is experiencing errors at an elevated rate in
|
||||
watch operations. This is likely causing it to not be able to expose metrics
|
||||
about Kubernetes objects correctly or at all.
|
||||
summary: kube-state-metrics is experiencing errors in watch operations.
|
||||
expr: |
|
||||
(sum(rate(kube_state_metrics_watch_total{job="kube-state-metrics",result="error"}[5m]))
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
1
go.mod
1
go.mod
|
|
@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ require (
|
|||
github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.7.1
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/common v0.15.0
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit v0.5.1
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/prometheus v2.5.0+incompatible
|
||||
github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.0
|
||||
github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.5
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
15
go.sum
15
go.sum
|
|
@ -125,9 +125,11 @@ github.com/ghodss/yaml v1.0.0/go.mod h1:4dBDuWmgqj2HViK6kFavaiC9ZROes6MMH2rRYeME
|
|||
github.com/go-gl/glfw/v3.3/glfw v0.0.0-20191125211704-12ad95a8df72/go.mod h1:tQ2UAYgL5IevRw8kRxooKSPJfGvJ9fJQFa0TUsXzTg8=
|
||||
github.com/go-kit/kit v0.8.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
|
||||
github.com/go-kit/kit v0.9.0/go.mod h1:xBxKIO96dXMWWy0MnWVtmwkA9/13aqxPnvrjFYMA2as=
|
||||
github.com/go-kit/kit v0.10.0 h1:dXFJfIHVvUcpSgDOV+Ne6t7jXri8Tfv2uOLHUZ2XNuo=
|
||||
github.com/go-kit/kit v0.10.0/go.mod h1:xUsJbQ/Fp4kEt7AFgCuvyX4a71u8h9jB8tj/ORgOZ7o=
|
||||
github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.3.0/go.mod h1:Qt1PoO58o5twSAckw1HlFXLmHsOX5/0LbT9GBnD5lWE=
|
||||
github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.4.0/go.mod h1:3RMwSq7FuexP4Kalkev3ejPJsZTpXXBr9+V4qmtdjCk=
|
||||
github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.0 h1:TrB8swr/68K7m9CcGut2g3UOihhbcbiMAYiuTXdEih4=
|
||||
github.com/go-logfmt/logfmt v0.5.0/go.mod h1:wCYkCAKZfumFQihp8CzCvQ3paCTfi41vtzG1KdI/P7A=
|
||||
github.com/go-logr/logr v0.1.0/go.mod h1:ixOQHD9gLJUVQQ2ZOR7zLEifBX6tGkNJF4QyIY7sIas=
|
||||
github.com/go-logr/logr v0.2.0 h1:QvGt2nLcHH0WK9orKa+ppBPAxREcH364nPUedEpK0TY=
|
||||
|
|
@ -144,6 +146,7 @@ github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.0.0-20160704191624-1d0bd113de87/go.mod h1:DXUve3Dp
|
|||
github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.19.2/go.mod h1:POnQmlKehdgb5mhVOsnJFsivZCEZ/vjK9gh66Z9tfKk=
|
||||
github.com/go-openapi/swag v0.19.5/go.mod h1:POnQmlKehdgb5mhVOsnJFsivZCEZ/vjK9gh66Z9tfKk=
|
||||
github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.4.0/go.mod h1:zAC/RDZ24gD3HViQzih4MyKcchzm+sOG5ZlKdlhCg5w=
|
||||
github.com/go-stack/stack v1.8.0 h1:5SgMzNM5HxrEjV0ww2lTmX6E2Izsfxas4+YHWRs3Lsk=
|
||||
github.com/go-stack/stack v1.8.0/go.mod h1:v0f6uXyyMGvRgIKkXu+yp6POWl0qKG85gN/melR3HDY=
|
||||
github.com/gogo/googleapis v1.1.0/go.mod h1:gf4bu3Q80BeJ6H1S1vYPm8/ELATdvryBaNFGgqEef3s=
|
||||
github.com/gogo/protobuf v1.1.1/go.mod h1:r8qH/GZQm5c6nD/R0oafs1akxWv10x8SbQlK7atdtwQ=
|
||||
|
|
@ -242,6 +245,7 @@ github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.0.0/go.mod h1:PxqpIevigyE2G7u3NXJIT2ANyt
|
|||
github.com/influxdata/influxdb1-client v0.0.0-20191209144304-8bf82d3c094d/go.mod h1:qj24IKcXYK6Iy9ceXlo3Tc+vtHo9lIhSX5JddghvEPo=
|
||||
github.com/jmespath/go-jmespath v0.0.0-20180206201540-c2b33e8439af/go.mod h1:Nht3zPeWKUH0NzdCt2Blrr5ys8VGpn0CEB0cQHVjt7k=
|
||||
github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.1.0/go.mod h1:Ii8DK3G1RaLaWxj9trq07+26W01tbo22gdxWY5EU2bo=
|
||||
github.com/jpillora/backoff v1.0.0 h1:uvFg412JmmHBHw7iwprIxkPMI+sGQ4kzOWsMeHnm2EA=
|
||||
github.com/jpillora/backoff v1.0.0/go.mod h1:J/6gKK9jxlEcS3zixgDgUAsiuZ7yrSoa/FX5e0EB2j4=
|
||||
github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.6/go.mod h1:+SdeFBvtyEkXs7REEP0seUULqWtbJapLOCVDaaPEHmU=
|
||||
github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.7/go.mod h1:KdQUCv79m/52Kvf8AW2vK1V8akMuk1QjK/uOdHXbAo4=
|
||||
|
|
@ -259,6 +263,7 @@ github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.1.0/go.mod h1:EZBBE59ingxPouuu3KfxchcWSUPOHkagtvW
|
|||
github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.2.0/go.mod h1:/BMXB+zMLi60iA8Vv6Ksmxu/1UDYcXs4uQLJ+jE2L00=
|
||||
github.com/kisielk/gotool v1.0.0/go.mod h1:XhKaO+MFFWcvkIS/tQcRk01m1F5IRFswLeQ+oQHNcck=
|
||||
github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.1/go.mod h1:T0+1ngSBFLxvqU3pZ+m/2kptfBszLMUkC4ZK/EgS/cQ=
|
||||
github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.3 h1:CE8S1cTafDpPvMhIxNJKvHsGVBgn1xWYf1NbHQhywc8=
|
||||
github.com/konsorten/go-windows-terminal-sequences v1.0.3/go.mod h1:T0+1ngSBFLxvqU3pZ+m/2kptfBszLMUkC4ZK/EgS/cQ=
|
||||
github.com/kr/logfmt v0.0.0-20140226030751-b84e30acd515/go.mod h1:+0opPa2QZZtGFBFZlji/RkVcI2GknAs/DXo4wKdlNEc=
|
||||
github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0/go.mod h1:dAy3ld7l9f0ibDNOQOHHMYYIIbhfbHSm3C4ZsoJORNo=
|
||||
|
|
@ -311,6 +316,7 @@ github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.1 h1:9f412s+6RmYXLWZSEzVVgPGK7C2PphHj5RJrvfx9
|
|||
github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.1/go.mod h1:bx2lNnkwVCuqBIxFjflWJWanXIb3RllmbCylyMrvgv0=
|
||||
github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20120707110453-a547fc61f48d/go.mod h1:+n7T8mK8HuQTcFwEeznm/DIxMOiR9yIdICNftLE1DvQ=
|
||||
github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack v0.0.0-20161129095857-cc309e4a2223/go.mod h1:qRWi+5nqEBWmkhHvq77mSJWrCKwh8bxhgT7d/eI7P4U=
|
||||
github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack v0.0.0-20190716064945-2f068394615f h1:KUppIJq7/+SVif2QVs3tOP0zanoHgBEVAwHxUSIzRqU=
|
||||
github.com/mwitkow/go-conntrack v0.0.0-20190716064945-2f068394615f/go.mod h1:qRWi+5nqEBWmkhHvq77mSJWrCKwh8bxhgT7d/eI7P4U=
|
||||
github.com/mxk/go-flowrate v0.0.0-20140419014527-cca7078d478f/go.mod h1:ZdcZmHo+o7JKHSa8/e818NopupXU1YMK5fe1lsApnBw=
|
||||
github.com/nats-io/jwt v0.3.0/go.mod h1:fRYCDE99xlTsqUzISS1Bi75UBJ6ljOJQOAAu5VglpSg=
|
||||
|
|
@ -378,6 +384,8 @@ github.com/prometheus/common v0.10.0 h1:RyRA7RzGXQZiW+tGMr7sxa85G1z0yOpM1qq5c8lN
|
|||
github.com/prometheus/common v0.10.0/go.mod h1:Tlit/dnDKsSWFlCLTWaA1cyBgKHSMdTB80sz/V91rCo=
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/common v0.15.0 h1:4fgOnadei3EZvgRwxJ7RMpG1k1pOZth5Pc13tyspaKM=
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/common v0.15.0/go.mod h1:U+gB1OBLb1lF3O42bTCL+FK18tX9Oar16Clt/msog/s=
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit v0.5.1 h1:9eqgis5er9xN613ZSADjypCJaDGj9ZlcWBvsIHa8/3c=
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit v0.5.1/go.mod h1:OCkM4805mmisBhLmVFw858QYi3v0wKdY6/UxrT0pZVg=
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.0-20181005140218-185b4288413d/go.mod h1:c3At6R/oaqEKCNdg8wHV1ftS6bRYblBhIjjI8uT2IGk=
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.0-20190117184657-bf6a532e95b1/go.mod h1:c3At6R/oaqEKCNdg8wHV1ftS6bRYblBhIjjI8uT2IGk=
|
||||
github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.0.2/go.mod h1:TjEm7ze935MbeOT/UhFTIMYKhuLP4wbCsTZCD3I8kEA=
|
||||
|
|
@ -401,6 +409,7 @@ github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.0.0/go.mod h1:0CfEIISq7TuYL3j771MWULgwwjU+GofnZX9QAm
|
|||
github.com/shurcooL/sanitized_anchor_name v1.0.0/go.mod h1:1NzhyTcUVG4SuEtjjoZeVRXNmyL/1OwPU0+IJeTBvfc=
|
||||
github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.2.0/go.mod h1:LxeOpSwHxABJmUn/MG1IvRgCAasNZTLOkJPxbbu5VWo=
|
||||
github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.4.2/go.mod h1:tLMulIdttU9McNUspp0xgXVQah82FyeX6MwdIuYE2rE=
|
||||
github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.6.0 h1:UBcNElsrwanuuMsnGSlYmtmgbb23qDR5dG+6X6Oo89I=
|
||||
github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.6.0/go.mod h1:7uNnSEd1DgxDLC74fIahvMZmmYsHGZGEOFrfsX/uA88=
|
||||
github.com/smartystreets/assertions v0.0.0-20180927180507-b2de0cb4f26d/go.mod h1:OnSkiWE9lh6wB0YB77sQom3nweQdgAjqCqsofrRNTgc=
|
||||
github.com/smartystreets/goconvey v1.6.4/go.mod h1:syvi0/a8iFYH4r/RixwvyeAJjdLS9QV7WQ/tjFTllLA=
|
||||
|
|
@ -456,6 +465,8 @@ golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200221231518-2aa609cf4a9d h1:1ZiEyfaQIg3Qh0EoqpwAak
|
|||
golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200221231518-2aa609cf4a9d/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
|
||||
golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9 h1:psW17arqaxU48Z5kZ0CQnkZWQJsqcURM6tKiBApRjXI=
|
||||
golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20200622213623-75b288015ac9/go.mod h1:LzIPMQfyMNhhGPhUkYOs5KpL4U8rLKemX1yGLhDgUto=
|
||||
golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201208171446-5f87f3452ae9 h1:sYNJzB4J8toYPQTM6pAkcmBRgw9SnQKP9oXCHfgy604=
|
||||
golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20201208171446-5f87f3452ae9/go.mod h1:jdWPYTVW3xRLrWPugEBEK3UY2ZEsg3UU495nc5E+M+I=
|
||||
golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190121172915-509febef88a4/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
|
||||
golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190306152737-a1d7652674e8/go.mod h1:CJ0aWSM057203Lf6IL+f9T1iT9GByDxfZKAQTCR3kQA=
|
||||
golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20190510132918-efd6b22b2522/go.mod h1:ZjyILWgesfNpC6sMxTJOJm9Kp84zZh5NQWvqDGG3Qr8=
|
||||
|
|
@ -556,6 +567,8 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200622214017-ed371f2e16b4/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
|
|||
golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200625212154-ddb9806d33ae/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
|
||||
golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200915084602-288bc346aa39 h1:356XA7ITklAU2//sYkjFeco+dH1bCRD8XCJ9FIEsvo4=
|
||||
golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20200915084602-288bc346aa39/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
|
||||
golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221 h1:/ZHdbVpdR/jk3g30/d4yUL0JU9kksj8+F/bnQUVLGDM=
|
||||
golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201117132131-f5c789dd3221/go.mod h1:Nr5EML6q2oocZ2LXRh80K7BxOlk5/8JxuGnuhpl+muw=
|
||||
golang.org/x/text v0.0.0-20160726164857-2910a502d2bf/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
|
||||
golang.org/x/text v0.3.0/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
|
||||
golang.org/x/text v0.3.1-0.20180807135948-17ff2d5776d2/go.mod h1:NqM8EUOU14njkJ3fqMW+pc6Ldnwhi/IjpwHt7yyuwOQ=
|
||||
|
|
@ -676,6 +689,8 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8 h1:obN1ZagJSUGI0Ek/LBmuj4SNLPfIny3KsKFopxRdj10=
|
|||
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.2.8/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
|
||||
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0 h1:clyUAQHOM3G0M3f5vQj7LuJrETvjVot3Z5el9nffUtU=
|
||||
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hI93XBmqTisBFMUTm0b8Fm+jr3Dg1NNxqwp+5A1VGuI=
|
||||
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 h1:D8xgwECY7CYvx+Y2n4sBz93Jn9JRvxdiyyo8CTfuKaY=
|
||||
gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0/go.mod h1:RDklbk79AGWmwhnvt/jBztapEOGDOx6ZbXqjP6csGnQ=
|
||||
honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20180728063816-88497007e858/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
|
||||
honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190102054323-c2f93a96b099/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
|
||||
honnef.co/go/tools v0.0.0-20190106161140-3f1c8253044a/go.mod h1:rf3lG4BRIbNafJWhAfAdb/ePZxsR/4RtNHQocxwk9r4=
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
28
main.go
28
main.go
|
|
@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import (
|
|||
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
|
||||
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promhttp"
|
||||
"github.com/prometheus/common/version"
|
||||
"github.com/prometheus/exporter-toolkit/web"
|
||||
vpaclientset "k8s.io/autoscaler/vertical-pod-autoscaler/pkg/client/clientset/versioned"
|
||||
clientset "k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes"
|
||||
_ "k8s.io/client-go/plugin/pkg/client/auth"
|
||||
|
|
@ -57,10 +58,18 @@ func (pl promLogger) Println(v ...interface{}) {
|
|||
klog.Error(v...)
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
// promLogger implements the Logger interface
|
||||
func (pl promLogger) Log(v ...interface{}) error {
|
||||
klog.Info(v...)
|
||||
return nil
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
func main() {
|
||||
opts := options.NewOptions()
|
||||
opts.AddFlags()
|
||||
|
||||
promLogger := promLogger{}
|
||||
|
||||
ctx := context.Background()
|
||||
|
||||
err := opts.Parse()
|
||||
|
|
@ -166,26 +175,21 @@ func main() {
|
|||
})
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
tlsConfig := opts.TLSConfig
|
||||
|
||||
telemetryMux := buildTelemetryServer(ksmMetricsRegistry)
|
||||
telemetryServer := http.Server{Handler: telemetryMux}
|
||||
telemetryListenAddress := net.JoinHostPort(opts.TelemetryHost, strconv.Itoa(opts.TelemetryPort))
|
||||
telemetryLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", telemetryListenAddress)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
klog.Fatalf("Failed to create Telemetry Listener: %v", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
telemetryServer := http.Server{Handler: telemetryMux, Addr: telemetryListenAddress}
|
||||
|
||||
metricsMux := buildMetricsServer(m, durationVec)
|
||||
metricsServer := http.Server{Handler: metricsMux}
|
||||
metricsServerListenAddress := net.JoinHostPort(opts.Host, strconv.Itoa(opts.Port))
|
||||
metricsServerLn, err := net.Listen("tcp", metricsServerListenAddress)
|
||||
if err != nil {
|
||||
klog.Fatalf("Failed to create MetricsServer Listener: %v", err)
|
||||
}
|
||||
metricsServer := http.Server{Handler: metricsMux, Addr: metricsServerListenAddress}
|
||||
|
||||
// Run Telemetry server
|
||||
{
|
||||
g.Add(func() error {
|
||||
klog.Infof("Starting kube-state-metrics self metrics server: %s", telemetryListenAddress)
|
||||
return telemetryServer.Serve(telemetryLn)
|
||||
return web.ListenAndServe(&telemetryServer, tlsConfig, promLogger)
|
||||
}, func(error) {
|
||||
ctxShutDown, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
|
||||
defer cancel()
|
||||
|
|
@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ func main() {
|
|||
{
|
||||
g.Add(func() error {
|
||||
klog.Infof("Starting metrics server: %s", metricsServerListenAddress)
|
||||
return metricsServer.Serve(metricsServerLn)
|
||||
return web.ListenAndServe(&metricsServer, tlsConfig, promLogger)
|
||||
}, func(error) {
|
||||
ctxShutDown, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
|
||||
defer cancel()
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ type Options struct {
|
|||
Host string
|
||||
TelemetryPort int
|
||||
TelemetryHost string
|
||||
TLSConfig string
|
||||
Resources ResourceSet
|
||||
Namespaces NamespaceList
|
||||
Shard int32
|
||||
|
|
@ -79,6 +80,7 @@ func (o *Options) AddFlags() {
|
|||
|
||||
o.flags.StringVar(&o.Apiserver, "apiserver", "", `The URL of the apiserver to use as a master`)
|
||||
o.flags.StringVar(&o.Kubeconfig, "kubeconfig", "", "Absolute path to the kubeconfig file")
|
||||
o.flags.StringVar(&o.TLSConfig, "tls-config", "", "Path to the TLS configuration file")
|
||||
o.flags.BoolVarP(&o.Help, "help", "h", false, "Print Help text")
|
||||
o.flags.IntVar(&o.Port, "port", 8080, `Port to expose metrics on.`)
|
||||
o.flags.StringVar(&o.Host, "host", "::", `Host to expose metrics on.`)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue