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Adds Concepts root page and starts to fill out the underlying section.

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Devin Donnelly 2016-11-02 16:27:27 -07:00
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The Concepts section of the Kubernetes documentation is a work in progress.
The Concepts section helps you learn about the parts of the Kubernetes system and the abstractions Kubernetes uses to represent your cluster, and helps you obtain a deeper understanding of how Kubernetes works.
## Overview
To work with Kubernetes, you use the **Kubernetes API abstractions** to describe your cluster's **desired state**: what applications or other workloads you want to run, what container images they use, the number of replicas, what network and disk resources you want to make available, and more. You set your desired state by using the Kubernetes API, typically via the command-line interface, `kubectl`. You can also use the Kubernetes API directly to interact with the cluster and set or modify your desired state.
Once you've set your desired state, the **Kubernetes Control Plane** works to make the cluster's current state match the desired state. To do so, Kuberentes performs a variety of tasks automatically--such as starting or restarting containers, scaling the number of replicas of a given application, and more. The Kubernetes Control Plane consists of processes running on your cluster: the Kubernetes Master, and kubelet and kube-proxy processes running on your cluster's individual nodes.
## Kubernetes Abstractions
Kubernetes contains a number of abstractions that represent your deployed containerized applications and workloads, along with their associated network and disk resources. These abstractions are made manifest as objects in the Kubernetes API. The basic Kubernetes abstractions include:
* Pod
* Service
* Volume
* Namespace
In addition, Kubernetes contains a number of higher-level abstractions that build upon the basic abstractions, and provide additional functionality and convenience features. They include:
* ReplicaSet
* Deployment
* StatefulSet
* DaemonSet
* Job
## Kubernetes Control Plane
The various parts of the Kubernetes Control Plane, such as the Kubernetes Master and kubelet processes, govern how Kubernetes communicates with your cluster. When you use the Kubernetes API to create deployments, for example, the Kubernetes Control Plane carries out your instructions.
### Kubernetes Master
The Kubernetes master is responsible for maintaining the desired state for your cluster. The Kubernetes master(s) runs the following processes:
* API Server
* Scheduler
* Etcd
* Controller Manager
### Kubernetes Nodes
The nodes in a cluster are the machines (VMs, physical servers, etc) that run your applications and cloud workflows. These nodes are controlled by the Kubernetes master. The following processes run on each node in a Kubernetes cluster:
* Kubelet
* Docker-daemon
* kube-proxy
#### Object Metadata