Migrate https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates/ to tasks section
This commit is contained in:
Neha Viswanathan
parent
960f924ff6
commit
41220636ec
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@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Before choosing a guide, here are some considerations:
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## Securing a cluster
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## Securing a cluster
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* [Certificates](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates/) describes the steps to generate certificates using different tool chains.
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* [Generate Certificates](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/certificates/) describes the steps to generate certificates using different tool chains.
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* [Kubernetes Container Environment](/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment/) describes the environment for Kubelet managed containers on a Kubernetes node.
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* [Kubernetes Container Environment](/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment/) describes the environment for Kubelet managed containers on a Kubernetes node.
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@ -4,249 +4,6 @@ content_type: concept
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weight: 20
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weight: 20
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---
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---
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<!-- overview -->
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<!-- overview -->
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When using client certificate authentication, you can generate certificates
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To learn how to generate certificates for your cluster, see [Certificates](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/certificates/).
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manually through `easyrsa`, `openssl` or `cfssl`.
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<!-- body -->
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### easyrsa
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**easyrsa** can manually generate certificates for your cluster.
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1. Download, unpack, and initialize the patched version of easyrsa3.
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curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/easy-rsa/easy-rsa.tar.gz
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tar xzf easy-rsa.tar.gz
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cd easy-rsa-master/easyrsa3
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./easyrsa init-pki
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1. Generate a new certificate authority (CA). `--batch` sets automatic mode;
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`--req-cn` specifies the Common Name (CN) for the CA's new root certificate.
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./easyrsa --batch "--req-cn=${MASTER_IP}@`date +%s`" build-ca nopass
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1. Generate server certificate and key.
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The argument `--subject-alt-name` sets the possible IPs and DNS names the API server will
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be accessed with. The `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is usually the first IP from the service CIDR
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that is specified as the `--service-cluster-ip-range` argument for both the API server and
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the controller manager component. The argument `--days` is used to set the number of days
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after which the certificate expires.
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The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
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DNS domain name.
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./easyrsa --subject-alt-name="IP:${MASTER_IP},"\
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"IP:${MASTER_CLUSTER_IP},"\
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"DNS:kubernetes,"\
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"DNS:kubernetes.default,"\
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"DNS:kubernetes.default.svc,"\
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"DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,"\
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"DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" \
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--days=10000 \
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build-server-full server nopass
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1. Copy `pki/ca.crt`, `pki/issued/server.crt`, and `pki/private/server.key` to your directory.
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1. Fill in and add the following parameters into the API server start parameters:
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--client-ca-file=/yourdirectory/ca.crt
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--tls-cert-file=/yourdirectory/server.crt
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--tls-private-key-file=/yourdirectory/server.key
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### openssl
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**openssl** can manually generate certificates for your cluster.
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1. Generate a ca.key with 2048bit:
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openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048
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1. According to the ca.key generate a ca.crt (use -days to set the certificate effective time):
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openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca.key -subj "/CN=${MASTER_IP}" -days 10000 -out ca.crt
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1. Generate a server.key with 2048bit:
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openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
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1. Create a config file for generating a Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
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Be sure to substitute the values marked with angle brackets (e.g. `<MASTER_IP>`)
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with real values before saving this to a file (e.g. `csr.conf`).
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Note that the value for `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is the service cluster IP for the
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API server as described in previous subsection.
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The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
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DNS domain name.
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[ req ]
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default_bits = 2048
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prompt = no
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default_md = sha256
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req_extensions = req_ext
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distinguished_name = dn
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[ dn ]
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C = <country>
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ST = <state>
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L = <city>
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O = <organization>
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OU = <organization unit>
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CN = <MASTER_IP>
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[ req_ext ]
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subjectAltName = @alt_names
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[ alt_names ]
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DNS.1 = kubernetes
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DNS.2 = kubernetes.default
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DNS.3 = kubernetes.default.svc
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DNS.4 = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster
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DNS.5 = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
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IP.1 = <MASTER_IP>
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IP.2 = <MASTER_CLUSTER_IP>
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[ v3_ext ]
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authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer:always
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basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
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keyUsage=keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment
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extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,clientAuth
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subjectAltName=@alt_names
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1. Generate the certificate signing request based on the config file:
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openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config csr.conf
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1. Generate the server certificate using the ca.key, ca.crt and server.csr:
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openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key \
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-CAcreateserial -out server.crt -days 10000 \
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-extensions v3_ext -extfile csr.conf
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1. View the certificate:
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openssl x509 -noout -text -in ./server.crt
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Finally, add the same parameters into the API server start parameters.
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### cfssl
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**cfssl** is another tool for certificate generation.
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1. Download, unpack and prepare the command line tools as shown below.
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Note that you may need to adapt the sample commands based on the hardware
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architecture and cfssl version you are using.
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curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssl
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chmod +x cfssl
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curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssljson_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssljson
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chmod +x cfssljson
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curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl-certinfo_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssl-certinfo
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chmod +x cfssl-certinfo
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1. Create a directory to hold the artifacts and initialize cfssl:
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mkdir cert
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cd cert
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../cfssl print-defaults config > config.json
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../cfssl print-defaults csr > csr.json
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1. Create a JSON config file for generating the CA file, for example, `ca-config.json`:
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{
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"signing": {
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"default": {
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"expiry": "8760h"
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},
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"profiles": {
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"kubernetes": {
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"usages": [
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"signing",
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"key encipherment",
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"server auth",
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"client auth"
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],
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"expiry": "8760h"
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}
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}
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}
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}
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1. Create a JSON config file for CA certificate signing request (CSR), for example,
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`ca-csr.json`. Be sure to replace the values marked with angle brackets with
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real values you want to use.
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{
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"CN": "kubernetes",
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"key": {
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"algo": "rsa",
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"size": 2048
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},
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"names":[{
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"C": "<country>",
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"ST": "<state>",
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"L": "<city>",
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"O": "<organization>",
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"OU": "<organization unit>"
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}]
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}
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1. Generate CA key (`ca-key.pem`) and certificate (`ca.pem`):
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../cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | ../cfssljson -bare ca
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1. Create a JSON config file for generating keys and certificates for the API
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server, for example, `server-csr.json`. Be sure to replace the values in angle brackets with
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real values you want to use. The `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is the service cluster
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IP for the API server as described in previous subsection.
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The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
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DNS domain name.
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{
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"CN": "kubernetes",
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"hosts": [
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"127.0.0.1",
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"<MASTER_IP>",
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"<MASTER_CLUSTER_IP>",
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"kubernetes",
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"kubernetes.default",
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"kubernetes.default.svc",
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"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
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"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
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],
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"key": {
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"algo": "rsa",
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"size": 2048
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},
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"names": [{
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"C": "<country>",
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"ST": "<state>",
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"L": "<city>",
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"O": "<organization>",
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"OU": "<organization unit>"
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}]
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}
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1. Generate the key and certificate for the API server, which are by default
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saved into file `server-key.pem` and `server.pem` respectively:
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../cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
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--config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes \
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server-csr.json | ../cfssljson -bare server
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## Distributing Self-Signed CA Certificate
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A client node may refuse to recognize a self-signed CA certificate as valid.
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For a non-production deployment, or for a deployment that runs behind a company
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firewall, you can distribute a self-signed CA certificate to all clients and
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refresh the local list for valid certificates.
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On each client, perform the following operations:
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```bash
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sudo cp ca.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/kubernetes.crt
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sudo update-ca-certificates
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```
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```
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Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
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1 added, 0 removed; done.
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Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d....
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done.
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```
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## Certificates API
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You can use the `certificates.k8s.io` API to provision
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x509 certificates to use for authentication as documented
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[here](/docs/tasks/tls/managing-tls-in-a-cluster).
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@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ openssl req -new -key jbeda.pem -out jbeda-csr.pem -subj "/CN=jbeda/O=app1/O=app
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This would create a CSR for the username "jbeda", belonging to two groups, "app1" and "app2".
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This would create a CSR for the username "jbeda", belonging to two groups, "app1" and "app2".
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See [Managing Certificates](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates/) for how to generate a client cert.
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See [Managing Certificates](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/certificates/) for how to generate a client cert.
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### Static Token File
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### Static Token File
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@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
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---
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title: Certificates
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content_type: task
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weight: 20
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---
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<!-- overview -->
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When using client certificate authentication, you can generate certificates
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manually through `easyrsa`, `openssl` or `cfssl`.
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<!-- body -->
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### easyrsa
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**easyrsa** can manually generate certificates for your cluster.
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|
|
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1. Download, unpack, and initialize the patched version of easyrsa3.
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|
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curl -LO https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/easy-rsa/easy-rsa.tar.gz
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tar xzf easy-rsa.tar.gz
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cd easy-rsa-master/easyrsa3
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./easyrsa init-pki
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1. Generate a new certificate authority (CA). `--batch` sets automatic mode;
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`--req-cn` specifies the Common Name (CN) for the CA's new root certificate.
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./easyrsa --batch "--req-cn=${MASTER_IP}@`date +%s`" build-ca nopass
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1. Generate server certificate and key.
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|
The argument `--subject-alt-name` sets the possible IPs and DNS names the API server will
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|
be accessed with. The `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is usually the first IP from the service CIDR
|
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|
that is specified as the `--service-cluster-ip-range` argument for both the API server and
|
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|
the controller manager component. The argument `--days` is used to set the number of days
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|
after which the certificate expires.
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|
The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
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DNS domain name.
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./easyrsa --subject-alt-name="IP:${MASTER_IP},"\
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"IP:${MASTER_CLUSTER_IP},"\
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"DNS:kubernetes,"\
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"DNS:kubernetes.default,"\
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"DNS:kubernetes.default.svc,"\
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"DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster,"\
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"DNS:kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local" \
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--days=10000 \
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build-server-full server nopass
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1. Copy `pki/ca.crt`, `pki/issued/server.crt`, and `pki/private/server.key` to your directory.
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1. Fill in and add the following parameters into the API server start parameters:
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--client-ca-file=/yourdirectory/ca.crt
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--tls-cert-file=/yourdirectory/server.crt
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--tls-private-key-file=/yourdirectory/server.key
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### openssl
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||||||
|
|
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**openssl** can manually generate certificates for your cluster.
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|
|
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1. Generate a ca.key with 2048bit:
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openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048
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1. According to the ca.key generate a ca.crt (use -days to set the certificate effective time):
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openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca.key -subj "/CN=${MASTER_IP}" -days 10000 -out ca.crt
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1. Generate a server.key with 2048bit:
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openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048
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1. Create a config file for generating a Certificate Signing Request (CSR).
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|
Be sure to substitute the values marked with angle brackets (e.g. `<MASTER_IP>`)
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|
with real values before saving this to a file (e.g. `csr.conf`).
|
||||||
|
Note that the value for `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is the service cluster IP for the
|
||||||
|
API server as described in previous subsection.
|
||||||
|
The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
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|
DNS domain name.
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|
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[ req ]
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default_bits = 2048
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prompt = no
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default_md = sha256
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req_extensions = req_ext
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distinguished_name = dn
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[ dn ]
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C = <country>
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ST = <state>
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L = <city>
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O = <organization>
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OU = <organization unit>
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CN = <MASTER_IP>
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[ req_ext ]
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subjectAltName = @alt_names
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[ alt_names ]
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DNS.1 = kubernetes
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DNS.2 = kubernetes.default
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DNS.3 = kubernetes.default.svc
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DNS.4 = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster
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DNS.5 = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
|
||||||
|
IP.1 = <MASTER_IP>
|
||||||
|
IP.2 = <MASTER_CLUSTER_IP>
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[ v3_ext ]
|
||||||
|
authorityKeyIdentifier=keyid,issuer:always
|
||||||
|
basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
|
||||||
|
keyUsage=keyEncipherment,dataEncipherment
|
||||||
|
extendedKeyUsage=serverAuth,clientAuth
|
||||||
|
subjectAltName=@alt_names
|
||||||
|
1. Generate the certificate signing request based on the config file:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr -config csr.conf
|
||||||
|
1. Generate the server certificate using the ca.key, ca.crt and server.csr:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key \
|
||||||
|
-CAcreateserial -out server.crt -days 10000 \
|
||||||
|
-extensions v3_ext -extfile csr.conf
|
||||||
|
1. View the certificate:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
openssl x509 -noout -text -in ./server.crt
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
Finally, add the same parameters into the API server start parameters.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### cfssl
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**cfssl** is another tool for certificate generation.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. Download, unpack and prepare the command line tools as shown below.
|
||||||
|
Note that you may need to adapt the sample commands based on the hardware
|
||||||
|
architecture and cfssl version you are using.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssl
|
||||||
|
chmod +x cfssl
|
||||||
|
curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssljson_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssljson
|
||||||
|
chmod +x cfssljson
|
||||||
|
curl -L https://github.com/cloudflare/cfssl/releases/download/v1.5.0/cfssl-certinfo_1.5.0_linux_amd64 -o cfssl-certinfo
|
||||||
|
chmod +x cfssl-certinfo
|
||||||
|
1. Create a directory to hold the artifacts and initialize cfssl:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
mkdir cert
|
||||||
|
cd cert
|
||||||
|
../cfssl print-defaults config > config.json
|
||||||
|
../cfssl print-defaults csr > csr.json
|
||||||
|
1. Create a JSON config file for generating the CA file, for example, `ca-config.json`:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"signing": {
|
||||||
|
"default": {
|
||||||
|
"expiry": "8760h"
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"profiles": {
|
||||||
|
"kubernetes": {
|
||||||
|
"usages": [
|
||||||
|
"signing",
|
||||||
|
"key encipherment",
|
||||||
|
"server auth",
|
||||||
|
"client auth"
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
"expiry": "8760h"
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
1. Create a JSON config file for CA certificate signing request (CSR), for example,
|
||||||
|
`ca-csr.json`. Be sure to replace the values marked with angle brackets with
|
||||||
|
real values you want to use.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"CN": "kubernetes",
|
||||||
|
"key": {
|
||||||
|
"algo": "rsa",
|
||||||
|
"size": 2048
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"names":[{
|
||||||
|
"C": "<country>",
|
||||||
|
"ST": "<state>",
|
||||||
|
"L": "<city>",
|
||||||
|
"O": "<organization>",
|
||||||
|
"OU": "<organization unit>"
|
||||||
|
}]
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
1. Generate CA key (`ca-key.pem`) and certificate (`ca.pem`):
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
../cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | ../cfssljson -bare ca
|
||||||
|
1. Create a JSON config file for generating keys and certificates for the API
|
||||||
|
server, for example, `server-csr.json`. Be sure to replace the values in angle brackets with
|
||||||
|
real values you want to use. The `MASTER_CLUSTER_IP` is the service cluster
|
||||||
|
IP for the API server as described in previous subsection.
|
||||||
|
The sample below also assumes that you are using `cluster.local` as the default
|
||||||
|
DNS domain name.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
"CN": "kubernetes",
|
||||||
|
"hosts": [
|
||||||
|
"127.0.0.1",
|
||||||
|
"<MASTER_IP>",
|
||||||
|
"<MASTER_CLUSTER_IP>",
|
||||||
|
"kubernetes",
|
||||||
|
"kubernetes.default",
|
||||||
|
"kubernetes.default.svc",
|
||||||
|
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
|
||||||
|
"kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
|
||||||
|
],
|
||||||
|
"key": {
|
||||||
|
"algo": "rsa",
|
||||||
|
"size": 2048
|
||||||
|
},
|
||||||
|
"names": [{
|
||||||
|
"C": "<country>",
|
||||||
|
"ST": "<state>",
|
||||||
|
"L": "<city>",
|
||||||
|
"O": "<organization>",
|
||||||
|
"OU": "<organization unit>"
|
||||||
|
}]
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
1. Generate the key and certificate for the API server, which are by default
|
||||||
|
saved into file `server-key.pem` and `server.pem` respectively:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
../cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem \
|
||||||
|
--config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes \
|
||||||
|
server-csr.json | ../cfssljson -bare server
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Distributing Self-Signed CA Certificate
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
A client node may refuse to recognize a self-signed CA certificate as valid.
|
||||||
|
For a non-production deployment, or for a deployment that runs behind a company
|
||||||
|
firewall, you can distribute a self-signed CA certificate to all clients and
|
||||||
|
refresh the local list for valid certificates.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
On each client, perform the following operations:
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```bash
|
||||||
|
sudo cp ca.crt /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/kubernetes.crt
|
||||||
|
sudo update-ca-certificates
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
Updating certificates in /etc/ssl/certs...
|
||||||
|
1 added, 0 removed; done.
|
||||||
|
Running hooks in /etc/ca-certificates/update.d....
|
||||||
|
done.
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Certificates API
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
You can use the `certificates.k8s.io` API to provision
|
||||||
|
x509 certificates to use for authentication as documented
|
||||||
|
[here](/docs/tasks/tls/managing-tls-in-a-cluster).
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ Configurations with a single API server will experience unavailability while the
|
||||||
* Make sure control plane components logs no TLS errors.
|
* Make sure control plane components logs no TLS errors.
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
{{< note >}}
|
{{< note >}}
|
||||||
To generate certificates and private keys for your cluster using the `openssl` command line tool, see [Certificates (`openssl`)](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates/#openssl).
|
To generate certificates and private keys for your cluster using the `openssl` command line tool, see [Certificates (`openssl`)](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/certificates/#openssl).
|
||||||
You can also use [`cfssl`](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates/#cfssl).
|
You can also use [`cfssl`](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/certificates/#cfssl).
|
||||||
{{< /note >}}
|
{{< /note >}}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
1. Annotate any Daemonsets and Deployments to trigger pod replacement in a safer rolling fashion.
|
1. Annotate any Daemonsets and Deployments to trigger pod replacement in a safer rolling fashion.
|
||||||
|
|
|
||||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue