Merge pull request #25045 from tengqm/zh-sync-workloads-index

[zh] Resync concepts/workloads/_index.md

content/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/_index.md

@@ -3,3 +3,116 @@ title: "工作负载"
 weight: 50
 description: 理解 Pods，Kubernetes 中可部署的最小计算对象，以及辅助它运行它们的高层抽象对象。
 ---
+
+<!--
+title: "Workloads"
+weight: 50
+description: >
+  Understand Pods, the smallest deployable compute object in Kubernetes, and the higher-level abstractions that help you to run them.
+no_list: true
+-->
+
+{{< glossary_definition term_id="workload" length="short" >}}
+
+<!--
+Whether your workload is a single component or several that work together, on Kubernetes you run
+it inside a set of [Pods](/docs/concepts/workloads/pods).
+In Kubernetes, a Pod represents a set of running {{< glossary_tooltip text="containers" term_id="container" >}}
+on your cluster.
+
+A Pod has a defined lifecycle. For example, once a Pod is running in your cluster then
+a critical failure on the {{< glossary_tooltip text="node" term_id="node" >}} where that
+Pod is running means that all the Pods on that node fail. Kubernetes treats that level
+of failure as final: you would need to create a new Pod even if the node later recovers.
+-->
+无论你的负载是单一组件还是由多个一同工作的组件构成，在 Kubernetes 中你
+可以在一组 [Pods](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/pods) 中运行它。
+在 Kubernetes 中，Pod 代表的是集群上处于运行状态的一组
+{{< glossary_tooltip text="容器" term_id="container" >}}。
+
+Pod 有确定的生命周期。例如，一旦某 Pod 在你的集群中运行，Pod 运行所在的
+{{< glossary_tooltip text="节点" term_id="node" >}} 出现致命错误时，
+所有该节点上的 Pods 都会失败。Kubernetes 将这类失败视为最终状态：
+即使节点后来恢复正常运行，你也需要创建新的 Pod。
+
+<!--
+However, to make life considerably easier, you don't need to manage each Pod directly.
+Instead, you can use _workload resources_ that manage a set of Pods on your behalf.
+These resources configure {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" text="controllers" >}}
+that make sure the right number of the right kind of Pod are running, to match the state
+you specified.
+
+Those workload resources include:
+-->
+不过，为了让用户的日子略微好过一些，你并不需要直接管理每个 Pod。
+相反，你可以使用 _负载资源_ 来替你管理一组 Pods。
+这些资源配置 {{< glossary_tooltip term_id="controller" text="控制器" >}}
+来确保合适类型的、处于运行状态的 Pod 个数是正确的，与你所指定的状态相一致。
+
+这些工作负载资源包括：
+
+<!--
+* [Deployment](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) and [ReplicaSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/)
+  (replacing the legacy resource {{< glossary_tooltip text="ReplicationController" term_id="replication-controller" >}});
+* [StatefulSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/);
+* [DaemonSet](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/) for running Pods that provide
+  node-local facilities, such as a storage driver or network plugin;
+* [Job](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) and
+  [CronJob](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/)
+  for tasks that run to completion.
+-->
+* [Deployment](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/deployment/) 和
+  [ReplicaSet](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/replicaset/)
+  （替换原来的资源 {{< glossary_tooltip text="ReplicationController" term_id="replication-controller" >}}）；
+* [StatefulSet](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/statefulset/);
+* 用来运行提供节点本地支撑设施（如存储驱动或网络插件）的 Pods 的
+  [DaemonSet](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/daemonset/)；
+* 用来执行运行到结束为止的
+  [Job](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/job/) 和
+  [CronJob](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/cron-jobs/)。
+
+<!--
+There are also two supporting concepts that you might find relevant:
+* [Garbage collection](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/) tidies up objects
+  from your cluster after their _owning resource_ has been removed.
+* The [_time-to-live after finished_ controller](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished/)
+  removes Jobs once a defined time has passed since they completed.
+-->
+你可能发现还有两种支撑概念很有用：
+
+* [垃圾收集](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/garbage-collection/)机制负责在
+  对象的 _属主资源_ 被删除时在集群中清理这些对象。
+* [_结束后存在时间_ 控制器](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/ttlafterfinished/)
+  会在 Job 结束之后的指定时间间隔之后删除它们。
+
+## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
+
+<!--
+As well as reading about each resource, you can learn about specific tasks that relate to them:
+
+* [Run a stateless application using a Deployment](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)
+* Run a stateful application either as a [single instance](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-single-instance-stateful-application/)
+  or as a [replicated set](/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application/)
+* [Run Automated Tasks with a CronJob](/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)
+-->
+除了阅读了解每类资源外，你还可以了解与这些资源相关的任务：
+
+* [使用 Deployment 运行一个无状态的应用](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/run-stateless-application-deployment/)
+* 以[单实例](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/run-single-instance-stateful-application/)
+  或者[多副本集合](/zh/docs/tasks/run-application/run-replicated-stateful-application/)
+  的形式运行有状态的应用；
+* [使用 CronJob 运行自动化的任务](/zh/docs/tasks/job/automated-tasks-with-cron-jobs/)
+
+<!--
+Once your application is running, you might want to make it available on the internet as
+a [Service](/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/) or, for web application only,
+using an [Ingress](/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress).
+
+You can also visit [Configuration](/docs/concepts/configuration/) to learn about Kubernetes'
+mechanisms for separating code from configuration.
+-->
+一旦你的应用处于运行状态，你就可能想要
+以[服务](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/service/)
+使之在互联网上可访问；或者对于 Web 应用而言，使用
+[Ingress](/docs/concepts/services-networking/ingress) 资源将其暴露到互联网上。
+