Merge pull request #27322 from zhiguo-lu/zh-trans-task-install-kubectl-on-linux
[zh] translate task/Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux
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---
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title: "Linux 系统中的 bash 自动补全功能"
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description: "Linux 系统中 bash 自动补全功能的一些可选配置。"
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headless: true
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---
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<!--
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---
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title: "bash auto-completion on Linux"
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description: "Some optional configuration for bash auto-completion on Linux."
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headless: true
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---
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-->
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<!--
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### Introduction
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-->
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### 简介 {#introduction}
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<!--
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The kubectl completion script for Bash can be generated with the command `kubectl completion bash`. Sourcing the completion script in your shell enables kubectl autocompletion.
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However, the completion script depends on [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion), which means that you have to install this software first (you can test if you have bash-completion already installed by running `type _init_completion`).
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-->
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kubectl 的 Bash 补全脚本可以用命令 `kubectl completion bash` 生成。
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在 shell 中导入（Sourcing）补全脚本，将启用 kubectl 自动补全功能。
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然而，补全脚本依赖于工具 [**bash-completion**](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion)，
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所以要先安装它（可以用命令 `type _init_completion` 检查 bash-completion 是否已安装）。
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<!--
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### Install bash-completion
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-->
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### 安装 bash-completion {#install-bash-comletion}
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<!--
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bash-completion is provided by many package managers (see [here](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion#installation)). You can install it with `apt-get install bash-completion` or `yum install bash-completion`, etc.
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The above commands create `/usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion`, which is the main script of bash-completion. Depending on your package manager, you have to manually source this file in your `~/.bashrc` file.
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To find out, reload your shell and run `type _init_completion`. If the command succeeds, you're already set, otherwise add the following to your `~/.bashrc` file:
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-->
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很多包管理工具均支持 bash-completion（参见[这里](https://github.com/scop/bash-completion#installation)）。
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可以通过 `apt-get install bash-completion` 或 `yum install bash-completion` 等命令来安装它。
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上述命令将创建文件 `/usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion`，它是 bash-completion 的主脚本。
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依据包管理工具的实际情况，你需要在 `~/.bashrc` 文件中手工导入此文件。
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要查看结果，请重新加载你的 shell，并运行命令 `type _init_completion`。
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如果命令执行成功，则设置完成，否则将下面内容添加到文件 `~/.bashrc` 中：
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```bash
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source /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion
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```
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<!--
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Reload your shell and verify that bash-completion is correctly installed by typing `type _init_completion`.
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-->
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重新加载 shell，再输入命令 `type _init_completion` 来验证 bash-completion 的安装状态。
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<!--
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### Enable kubectl autocompletion
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-->
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### 启动 kubectl 自动补全功能 {#enable-kubectl-autocompletion}
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<!--
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You now need to ensure that the kubectl completion script gets sourced in all your shell sessions. There are two ways in which you can do this:
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-->
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你现在需要确保一点：kubectl 补全脚本已经导入（sourced）到 shell 会话中。
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这里有两种验证方法：
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<!--
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- Source the completion script in your `~/.bashrc` file:
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-->
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- 在文件 `~/.bashrc` 中导入（source）补全脚本：
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```bash
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echo 'source <(kubectl completion bash)' >>~/.bashrc
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```
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<!--
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- Add the completion script to the `/etc/bash_completion.d` directory:
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-->
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- 将补全脚本添加到目录 `/etc/bash_completion.d` 中：
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```bash
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kubectl completion bash >/etc/bash_completion.d/kubectl
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```
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<!--
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If you have an alias for kubectl, you can extend shell completion to work with that alias:
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-->
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如果 kubectl 有关联的别名，你可以扩展 shell 补全来适配此别名：
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```bash
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echo 'alias k=kubectl' >>~/.bashrc
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echo 'complete -F __start_kubectl k' >>~/.bashrc
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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bash-completion sources all completion scripts in `/etc/bash_completion.d`.
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-->
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bash-completion 负责导入 `/etc/bash_completion.d` 目录中的所有补全脚本。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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Both approaches are equivalent. After reloading your shell, kubectl autocompletion should be working.
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-->
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两种方式的效果相同。重新加载 shell 后，kubectl 自动补全功能即可生效。
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---
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title: 在 Linux 系统中安装并设置 kubectl
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content_type: task
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weight: 10
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card:
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name: tasks
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weight: 20
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title: 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl
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---
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<!--
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---
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reviewers:
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- mikedanese
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title: Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux
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content_type: task
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weight: 10
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card:
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name: tasks
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weight: 20
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title: Install kubectl on Linux
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---
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-->
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## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}
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<!--
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You must use a kubectl version that is within one minor version difference of your cluster.
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For example, a v1.2 client should work with v1.1, v1.2, and v1.3 master.
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Using the latest version of kubectl helps avoid unforeseen issues.
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-->
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kubectl 版本和集群版本之间的差异必须在一个小版本号内。
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例如：v1.2 版本的客户端只能与 v1.1、v1.2 和 v1.3 版本的集群一起工作。
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用最新版的 kubectl 有助于避免不可预见的问题。
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<!--
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## Install kubectl on Linux
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-->
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## 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-on-linux}
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<!--
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The following methods exist for installing kubectl on Linux:
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-->
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在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl 有如下几种方法：
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- [{{% heading "prerequisites" %}}](#{{% heading "prerequisites" %}})
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- [在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-on-linux)
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- [用 curl 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-linux)
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- [用原生包管理工具安装](#install-using-native-package-management)
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- [用其他包管理工具安装](#install-using-other-package-management)
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- [作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分，在 Linux 中安装](#install-on-linux-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk)
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- [验证 kubectl 配置](#verify-kubectl-configration)
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- [可选的 kubectl 配置](#optional-kubectl-configurations)
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- [启用 shell 自动补全功能](#enable-shell-autocompletion)
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- [{{% heading "whatsnext" %}}](#{{% heading "whatsnext" %}})
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<!--
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### Install kubectl binary with curl on Linux
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-->
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### 用 curl 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-linux}
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<!--
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1. Download the latest release with the command:
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-->
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1. 用以下命令下载最新发行版：
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```bash
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curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.
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For example, to download version {{< param "fullversion" >}} on Linux, type:
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-->
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如需下载某个指定的版本，请用指定版本号替换该命令的这一部分： `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)`。
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例如，要在 Linux 中下载 {{< param "fullversion" >}} 版本，请输入：
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```bash
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curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
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```
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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1. Validate the binary (optional)
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Download the kubectl checksum file:
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-->
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1. 验证该可执行文件（可选步骤）
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下载 kubectl 校验和文件：
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```bash
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curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl.sha256"
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```
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<!--
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Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:
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-->
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基于校验和文件，验证 kubectl 的可执行文件：
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```bash
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echo "$(<kubectl.sha256) kubectl" | sha256sum --check
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```
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If valid, the output is:
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-->
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验证通过时，输出为：
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```console
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kubectl: OK
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```
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<!--
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If the check fails, `sha256` exits with nonzero status and prints output similar to:
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-->
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验证失败时，`sha256` 将以非零值退出，并打印如下输出：
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```bash
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kubectl: FAILED
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sha256sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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Download the same version of the binary and checksum.
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-->
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下载的 kubectl 与校验和文件版本必须相同。
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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1. Install kubectl
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-->
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1. 安装 kubectl
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```bash
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sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
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```
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{{< note >}}
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<!--
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If you do not have root access on the target system, you can still install kubectl to the `~/.local/bin` directory:
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-->
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即使你没有目标系统的 root 权限，仍然可以将 kubectl 安装到目录 `~/.local/bin` 中：
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```bash
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mkdir -p ~/.local/bin/kubectl
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mv ./kubectl ~/.local/bin/kubectl
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# and then add ~/.local/bin/kubectl to $PATH
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```
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{{< /note >}}
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<!--
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1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
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-->
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1. 执行测试，以保障你安装的版本是最新的：
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```bash
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kubectl version --client
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```
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<!--
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### Install using native package management
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-->
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### 用原生包管理工具安装 {#install-using-native-package-management}
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{{< tabs name="kubectl_install" >}}
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{{< tab name="Ubuntu、Debian 或 HypriotOS" codelang="bash" >}}
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sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https gnupg2 curl
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curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
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echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
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sudo apt-get update
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sudo apt-get install -y kubectl
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< tab name="CentOS、RHEL 或 Fedora" codelang="bash" >}}cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
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[kubernetes]
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name=Kubernetes
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baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
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enabled=1
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gpgcheck=1
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repo_gpgcheck=1
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gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
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EOF
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yum install -y kubectl
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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<!--
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### Install using other package management
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-->
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### 用其他包管理工具安装 {#install-using-other-package-management}
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{{< tabs name="other_kubectl_install" >}}
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{{% tab name="Snap" %}}
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<!--
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If you are on Ubuntu or another Linux distribution that support [snap](https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/install) package manager, kubectl is available as a [snap](https://snapcraft.io/) application.
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-->
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如果你使用的 Ubuntu 或其他 Linux 发行版，内建支持 [snap](https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/install) 包管理工具，
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则可用 [snap](https://snapcraft.io/) 命令安装 kubectl。
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```shell
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snap install kubectl --classic
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kubectl version --client
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{% tab name="Homebrew" %}}
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<!--
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If you are on Linux and using [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux) package manager, kubectl is available for [installation](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install).
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-->
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如果你使用 Linux 系统，并且装了 [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux) 包管理工具，
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则可以使用这种方式[安装](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install) kubectl。
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```shell
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brew install kubectl
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kubectl version --client
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```
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{{% /tab %}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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<!--
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### Install on Linux as part of the Google Cloud SDK
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-->
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### 作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分，在 Linux 上安装 {#install-on-linux-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk}
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{{< include "included/install-kubectl-gcloud.md" >}}
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<!--
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## Verify kubectl configuration
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-->
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## 验证 kubectl 配置 {#verify-kubectl-configration}
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{{< include "included/verify-kubectl.md" >}}
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## kubectl 的可选配置 {#optional-kubectl-configurations}
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### 启用 shell 自动补全功能 {#enable-shell-autocompletion}
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<!--
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kubectl provides autocompletion support for Bash and Zsh, which can save you a lot of typing.
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Below are the procedures to set up autocompletion for Bash and Zsh.
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-->
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kubectl 为 Bash 和 Zsh 提供自动补全功能，可以减轻许多输入的负担。
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下面是为 Bash 和 Zsh 设置自动补全功能的操作步骤。
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{{< tabs name="kubectl_autocompletion" >}}
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{{< tab name="Bash" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-bash-linux.md" />}}
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{{< tab name="Zsh" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-zsh.md" />}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}
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{{< include "included/kubectl-whats-next.md" >}}
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