---
title: 在 Linux 系统中安装并设置 kubectl
content_type: task
weight: 10
card:
  name: tasks
  weight: 20
  title: 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl
---
<!-- 
---
reviewers:
- mikedanese
title: Install and Set Up kubectl on Linux
content_type: task
weight: 10
card:
  name: tasks
  weight: 20
  title: Install kubectl on Linux
---
-->

## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}

<!-- 
You must use a kubectl version that is within one minor version difference of your cluster.
For example, a v1.2 client should work with v1.1, v1.2, and v1.3 master.
Using the latest version of kubectl helps avoid unforeseen issues.
-->
kubectl 版本和集群版本之间的差异必须在一个小版本号内。
例如：v1.2 版本的客户端只能与 v1.1、v1.2 和 v1.3 版本的集群一起工作。
用最新版的 kubectl 有助于避免不可预见的问题。

<!-- 
## Install kubectl on Linux
-->
## 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-on-linux}

<!-- 
The following methods exist for installing kubectl on Linux:
-->
在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl 有如下几种方法：

- [{{% heading "prerequisites" %}}](#{{% heading "prerequisites" %}})
- [在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-on-linux)
  - [用 curl 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl](#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-linux)
  - [用原生包管理工具安装](#install-using-native-package-management)
  - [用其他包管理工具安装](#install-using-other-package-management)
  - [作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分，在 Linux 中安装](#install-on-linux-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk)
- [验证 kubectl 配置](#verify-kubectl-configration)
- [可选的 kubectl 配置](#optional-kubectl-configurations)
  - [启用 shell 自动补全功能](#enable-shell-autocompletion)
- [{{% heading "whatsnext" %}}](#{{% heading "whatsnext" %}})

<!-- 
### Install kubectl binary with curl on Linux
-->
### 用 curl 在 Linux 系统中安装 kubectl {#install-kubectl-binary-with-curl-on-linux}

<!-- 
1. Download the latest release with the command:
-->
1. 用以下命令下载最新发行版：

   ```bash
   curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
   ```

   {{< note >}}
<!-- 
To download a specific version, replace the `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)` portion of the command with the specific version.

For example, to download version {{< param "fullversion" >}} on Linux, type:
-->
如需下载某个指定的版本，请用指定版本号替换该命令的这一部分： `$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)`。

例如，要在 Linux 中下载 {{< param "fullversion" >}} 版本，请输入：

   ```bash
   curl -LO https://dl.k8s.io/release/{{< param "fullversion" >}}/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl
   ```
   {{< /note >}}

   <!-- 
   1. Validate the binary (optional)

      Download the kubectl checksum file:
   -->
1. 验证该可执行文件（可选步骤）

   下载 kubectl 校验和文件：

   ```bash
   curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl.sha256"
   ```

   <!-- 
   Validate the kubectl binary against the checksum file:
   -->
   基于校验和文件，验证 kubectl 的可执行文件：

   ```bash
   echo "$(<kubectl.sha256) kubectl" | sha256sum --check
   ```

   <!-- 
   If valid, the output is:
   -->
   验证通过时，输出为：

   ```console
   kubectl: OK
   ```

   <!-- 
   If the check fails, `sha256` exits with nonzero status and prints output similar to:
   -->
   验证失败时，`sha256` 将以非零值退出，并打印如下输出：

   ```bash
   kubectl: FAILED
   sha256sum: WARNING: 1 computed checksum did NOT match
   ```

   {{< note >}}
   <!-- 
   Download the same version of the binary and checksum.
   -->
   下载的 kubectl 与校验和文件版本必须相同。
   {{< /note >}}

   <!-- 
   1. Install kubectl
   -->
1. 安装 kubectl

   ```bash
   sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
   ```

   {{< note >}}
   <!-- 
   If you do not have root access on the target system, you can still install kubectl to the `~/.local/bin` directory:
   -->
   即使你没有目标系统的 root 权限，仍然可以将 kubectl 安装到目录 `~/.local/bin` 中：

   ```bash
   mkdir -p ~/.local/bin/kubectl
   mv ./kubectl ~/.local/bin/kubectl
   # and then add ~/.local/bin/kubectl to $PATH
   ```

   {{< /note >}}

   <!-- 
   1. Test to ensure the version you installed is up-to-date:
   -->
1. 执行测试，以保障你安装的版本是最新的：

   ```bash
   kubectl version --client
   ```

<!-- 
### Install using native package management
-->
### 用原生包管理工具安装 {#install-using-native-package-management}

{{< tabs name="kubectl_install" >}}
{{< tab name="Ubuntu、Debian 或 HypriotOS" codelang="bash" >}}
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https gnupg2 curl
curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb https://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y kubectl
{{< /tab >}}

{{< tab name="CentOS、RHEL 或 Fedora" codelang="bash" >}}cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
yum install -y kubectl
{{< /tab >}}
{{< /tabs >}}

<!-- 
### Install using other package management
-->
### 用其他包管理工具安装 {#install-using-other-package-management}

{{< tabs name="other_kubectl_install" >}}
{{% tab name="Snap" %}}
<!-- 
If you are on Ubuntu or another Linux distribution that support [snap](https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/install) package manager, kubectl is available as a [snap](https://snapcraft.io/) application.
-->
如果你使用的 Ubuntu 或其他 Linux 发行版，内建支持 [snap](https://snapcraft.io/docs/core/install) 包管理工具，
则可用 [snap](https://snapcraft.io/) 命令安装 kubectl。

```shell
snap install kubectl --classic
kubectl version --client
```

{{% /tab %}}

{{% tab name="Homebrew" %}}
<!-- 
If you are on Linux and using [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux) package manager, kubectl is available for [installation](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install).
-->
如果你使用 Linux 系统，并且装了 [Homebrew](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux) 包管理工具，
则可以使用这种方式[安装](https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-on-Linux#install) kubectl。

```shell
brew install kubectl
kubectl version --client
```

{{% /tab %}}

{{< /tabs >}}

<!-- 
### Install on Linux as part of the Google Cloud SDK
-->
### 作为谷歌云 SDK 的一部分，在 Linux 上安装 {#install-on-linux-as-part-of-the-google-cloud-sdk}

{{< include "included/install-kubectl-gcloud.md" >}}

<!-- 
## Verify kubectl configuration
-->
## 验证 kubectl 配置 {#verify-kubectl-configration}

{{< include "included/verify-kubectl.md" >}}

## kubectl 的可选配置 {#optional-kubectl-configurations}

### 启用 shell 自动补全功能 {#enable-shell-autocompletion}

<!-- 
kubectl provides autocompletion support for Bash and Zsh, which can save you a lot of typing.

Below are the procedures to set up autocompletion for Bash and Zsh.
-->
kubectl 为 Bash 和 Zsh 提供自动补全功能，可以减轻许多输入的负担。

下面是为 Bash 和 Zsh 设置自动补全功能的操作步骤。

{{< tabs name="kubectl_autocompletion" >}}
{{< tab name="Bash" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-bash-linux.md" />}}
{{< tab name="Zsh" include="included/optional-kubectl-configs-zsh.md" />}}
{{< /tabs >}}

## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}

{{< include "included/kubectl-whats-next.md" >}}