---
title: 示例：使用 Persistent Volumes 部署 WordPress 和 MySQL
content_type: tutorial
weight: 20
card:
  name: tutorials
  weight: 40
  title: "有状态应用示例: 带持久卷的 Wordpress"
---
<!--
title: "Example: Deploying WordPress and MySQL with Persistent Volumes"
reviewers:
- ahmetb
content_type: tutorial
weight: 20
card: 
  name: tutorials
  weight: 40
  title: "Stateful Example: Wordpress with Persistent Volumes"
-->
<!-- overview -->

<!--
This tutorial shows you how to deploy a WordPress site and a MySQL database using Minikube. Both applications use PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims to store data.
-->

本示例描述了如何通过 Minikube 在 Kubernetes 上安装 WordPress 和 MySQL。这两个应用都使用 PersistentVolumes 和 PersistentVolumeClaims 保存数据。


<!--
 A [PersistentVolume](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/)(PV)is a piece of storage in the cluster that has been manually provisioned by an administrator, or dynamically provisioned by Kubernetes using a [StorageClass](/docs/concepts/storage/storage-classes).  A [PersistentVolumeClaim](/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/#persistentvolumeclaims)(PVC)is a request for storage by a user that can be fulfilled by a PV. PersistentVolumes and PersistentVolumeClaims are independent from Pod lifecycles and preserve data through restarting, rescheduling, and even deleting Pods.
 -->

[PersistentVolume](/zh/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/)（PV）是一块集群里由管理员手动提供，或 kubernetes 通过 [StorageClass](/zh/docs/concepts/storage/storage-classes) 动态创建的存储。
[PersistentVolumeClaim](/zh/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/#persistentvolumeclaims)（PVC）是一个满足对 PV 存储需要的请求。PersistentVolumes 和 PersistentVolumeClaims 是独立于 Pod 生命周期而在 Pod 重启，重新调度甚至删除过程中保存数据。

{{< warning >}}
<!--
 This deployment is not suitable for production use cases, as it uses single instance WordPress and MySQL Pods. Consider using [WordPress Helm Chart](https://github.com/kubernetes/charts/tree/master/stable/wordpress) to deploy WordPress in production.
 -->

deployment 在生产场景中并不适合，它使用单实例 WordPress 和 MySQL Pods。考虑使用 [WordPress Helm Chart](https://github.com/kubernetes/charts/tree/master/stable/wordpress) 在生产场景中部署 WordPress。
{{< /warning >}}

{{< note >}}

<!--
 The files provided in this tutorial are using GA Deployment APIs and are specific to kubernetes version 1.9 and later. If you wish to use this tutorial with an earlier version of Kubernetes, please update the API version appropriately, or reference earlier versions of this tutorial.
-->

本教程中提供的文件使用 GA Deployment API，并且特定于 kubernetes 1.9 或更高版本。如果您希望将本教程与 Kubernetes 的早期版本一起使用，请相应地更新 API 版本，或参考本教程的早期版本。
{{< /note >}}



## {{% heading "objectives" %}}

<!--
* Create PersistentVolumeClaims and PersistentVolumes
* Create a `kustomization.yaml` with
  * a Secret generator
  * MySQL resource configs
  * WordPress resource configs
* Apply the kustomization directory by `kubectl apply -k ./`
* Clean up
-->

* 创建 PersistentVolumeClaims 和 PersistentVolumes
* 创建 `kustomization.yaml` 使用
  * Secret 生成器
  * MySQL 资源配置
  * WordPress 资源配置
* 应用整个 kustomization 目录 `kubectl apply -k ./`
* 清理



## {{% heading "prerequisites" %}}


{{< include "task-tutorial-prereqs.md" >}} {{< version-check >}}

<!--
The example shown on this page works with `kubectl` 1.14 and above.

Download the following configuration files:

1. [mysql-deployment.yaml](/examples/application/wordpress/mysql-deployment.yaml)

1. [wordpress-deployment.yaml](/examples/application/wordpress/wordpress-deployment.yaml)
-->

此例在`kubectl` 1.14 或者更高版本有效。

下载下面的配置文件：

1. [mysql-deployment.yaml](/examples/application/wordpress/mysql-deployment.yaml)

2. [wordpress-deployment.yaml](/examples/application/wordpress/wordpress-deployment.yaml)



<!-- lessoncontent -->

<!--
## Create PersistentVolumeClaims and PersistentVolumes
-->

## 创建 PersistentVolumeClaims 和 PersistentVolumes

<!-- MySQL and Wordpress each require a PersistentVolume to store data.  Their PersistentVolumeClaims will be created at the deployment step.

Many cluster environments have a default StorageClass installed.  When a StorageClass is not specified in the PersistentVolumeClaim, the cluster's default StorageClass is used instead.

When a PersistentVolumeClaim is created, a PersistentVolume is dynamically provisioned based on the StorageClass configuration.
-->

MySQL 和 Wordpress 都需要一个 PersistentVolume 来存储数据。他们的 PersistentVolumeClaims 将在部署步骤中创建。

许多群集环境都安装了默认的 StorageClass。如果在 PersistentVolumeClaim 中未指定 StorageClass，则使用群集的默认 StorageClass。

创建 PersistentVolumeClaim 时，将根据 StorageClass 配置动态设置 PersistentVolume。

{{< warning >}}
<!--
In local clusters, the default StorageClass uses the `hostPath` provisioner.  `hostPath` volumes are only suitable for development and testing. With `hostPath` volumes, your data lives in `/tmp` on the node the Pod is scheduled onto and does not move between nodes. If a Pod dies and gets scheduled to another node in the cluster, or the node is rebooted, the data is lost.
-->

在本地群集中，默认的 StorageClass 使用`hostPath`供应器。 `hostPath`卷仅适用于开发和测试。使用 `hostPath` 卷，您的数据位于 Pod 调度到的节点上的`/tmp`中，并且不会在节点之间移动。如果 Pod 死亡并被调度到群集中的另一个节点，或者该节点重新启动，则数据将丢失。
{{< /warning >}}

{{< note >}}
<!--
If you are bringing up a cluster that needs to use the `hostPath` provisioner, the `--enable-hostpath-provisioner` flag must be set in the `controller-manager` component.
-->

如果要建立需要使用`hostPath`设置程序的集群，则必须在 controller-manager 组件中设置`--enable-hostpath-provisioner`标志。
{{< /note >}}

{{< note >}}
<!-- If you have a Kubernetes cluster running on Google Kubernetes Engine, please follow [this guide](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/tutorials/persistent-disk). -->

如果你已经有运行在 Google Kubernetes Engine 的集群，请参考 [this guide](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/tutorials/persistent-disk)。
{{< /note >}}

<!--
## Create a kustomization.yaml
-->

## 创建 kustomization.yaml

<!--
### Add a Secret generator
-->

### 创建 Secret 生成器

<!--
A [Secret](/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/) is an object that stores a piece of sensitive data like a password or key. Since 1.14, `kubectl` supports the management of Kubernetes objects using a kustomization file. You can create a Secret by generators in `kustomization.yaml`.

Add a Secret generator in `kustomization.yaml` from the following command. You will need to replace `YOUR_PASSWORD` with the password you want to use.
-->

A [Secret](/zh/docs/concepts/configuration/secret/) 是存储诸如密码或密钥之类的敏感数据的对象。从 1.14 开始，`kubectl`支持使用 kustomization 文件管理 Kubernetes 对象。您可以通过`kustomization.yaml`中的生成器创建一个 Secret。

通过以下命令在`kustomization.yaml`中添加一个 Secret 生成器。您需要用您要使用的密码替换`YOUR_PASSWORD`。

```shell
cat <<EOF >./kustomization.yaml
secretGenerator:
- name: mysql-pass
  literals:
  - password=YOUR_PASSWORD
EOF
```

<!--
## Add resource configs for MySQL and WordPress
-->

## 补充 MySQL 和 WordPress 的资源配置

<!--
The following manifest describes a single-instance MySQL Deployment. The MySQL container mounts the PersistentVolume at /var/lib/mysql. The `MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD` environment variable sets the database password from the Secret.
-->

以下 manifest 文件描述了单实例 MySQL 部署。MySQL 容器将 PersistentVolume 挂载在`/var/lib/mysql`。 `MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD`环境变量设置来自 Secret 的数据库密码。

{{< codenew file="application/wordpress/mysql-deployment.yaml" >}}

<!--
The following manifest describes a single-instance WordPress Deployment. The WordPress container mounts the
PersistentVolume at `/var/www/html` for website data files. The `WORDPRESS_DB_HOST` environment variable sets
the name of the MySQL Service defined above, and WordPress will access the database by Service. The
`WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD` environment variable sets the database password from the Secret kustomize generated.
-->

以下 manifest 文件描述了单实例 WordPress 部署。WordPress 容器将网站数据文件位于`/var/www/html`的 PersistentVolume。`WORDPRESS_DB_HOST`环境变量集上面定义的 MySQL Service 的名称，WordPress 将通过 Service 访问数据库。`WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD`环境变量设置从 Secret kustomize 生成的数据库密码。
{{< codenew file="application/wordpress/wordpress-deployment.yaml" >}}

<!--
1. Download the MySQL deployment configuration file.

      ```shell
      curl -LO https://k8s.io/examples/application/wordpress/mysql-deployment.yaml
      ```

2. Download the WordPress configuration file.

      ```shell
      curl -LO https://k8s.io/examples/application/wordpress/wordpress-deployment.yaml
      ```

3. Add them to `kustomization.yaml` file.

      ```shell
      cat <<EOF >>./kustomization.yaml
      resources:
        - mysql-deployment.yaml
        - wordpress-deployment.yaml
      EOF
      ```
-->
1. 下载 MySQL deployment 配置文件。

      ```shell
      curl -LO https://k8s.io/examples/application/wordpress/mysql-deployment.yaml
      ```

2. 下载 WordPress 配置文件。

      ```shell
      curl -LO https://k8s.io/examples/application/wordpress/wordpress-deployment.yaml
      ```

3. 补充到 `kustomization.yaml` 文件。

      ```shell
      cat <<EOF >>./kustomization.yaml
      resources:
        - mysql-deployment.yaml
        - wordpress-deployment.yaml
      EOF
      ```


<!--
## Apply and Verify
-->

## 应用和验证

<!--
The `kustomization.yaml` contains all the resources for deploying a WordPress site and a
MySQL database. You can apply the directory by
```shell
kubectl apply -k ./
```

Now you can verify that all objects exist.

1. Verify that the Secret exists by running the following command:

      ```shell
      kubectl get secrets
      ```

      The response should be like this:

      ```shell
      NAME                    TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
      mysql-pass-c57bb4t7mf   Opaque                                1      9s
      ```

2. Verify that a PersistentVolume got dynamically provisioned.

      ```shell
      kubectl get pvc
      ```

      {{< note >}}
      It can take up to a few minutes for the PVs to be provisioned and bound.
      {{< /note >}}

      The response should be like this:

      ```shell
      NAME             STATUS    VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS       AGE
      mysql-pv-claim   Bound     pvc-8cbd7b2e-4044-11e9-b2bb-42010a800002   20Gi       RWO            standard           77s
      wp-pv-claim      Bound     pvc-8cd0df54-4044-11e9-b2bb-42010a800002   20Gi       RWO            standard           77s
      ```

3. Verify that the Pod is running by running the following command:

      ```shell
      kubectl get pods
      ```

      {{< note >}}
      It can take up to a few minutes for the Pod's Status to be `RUNNING`.
      {{< /note >}}

      The response should be like this:

      ```
      NAME                               READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
      wordpress-mysql-1894417608-x5dzt   1/1       Running   0          40s
      ```

4. Verify that the Service is running by running the following command:

      ```shell
      kubectl get services wordpress
      ```

      The response should be like this:

      ```
      NAME        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
      wordpress   ClusterIP   10.0.0.89    <pending>     80:32406/TCP   4m
      ```

      {{< note >}}
      Minikube can only expose Services through `NodePort`. The EXTERNAL-IP is always pending.
      {{< /note >}}

5. Run the following command to get the IP Address for the WordPress Service:

      ```shell
      minikube service wordpress --url
      ```

      The response should be like this:

      ```
      http://1.2.3.4:32406
      ```

6. Copy the IP address, and load the page in your browser to view your site.

   You should see the WordPress set up page similar to the following screenshot.

   ![wordpress-init](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/mysql-wordpress-pd/WordPress.png)
-->


`kustomization.yaml`包含用于部署 WordPress 网站的所有资源以及 MySQL 数据库。您可以通过以下方式应用目录
```shell
kubectl apply -k ./
```

现在，您可以验证所有对象是否存在。

1. 通过运行以下命令验证 Secret 是否存在：

      ```shell
      kubectl get secrets
      ```

      响应应如下所示：

      ```shell
      NAME                    TYPE                                  DATA   AGE
      mysql-pass-c57bb4t7mf   Opaque                                1      9s
      ```

2.  验证是否已动态配置 PersistentVolume：

      ```shell
      kubectl get pvc
      ```

      {{< note >}}
      设置和绑定 PV 可能要花费几分钟。
      {{< /note >}}

      响应应如下所示：

      ```shell
      NAME             STATUS    VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS       AGE
      mysql-pv-claim   Bound     pvc-8cbd7b2e-4044-11e9-b2bb-42010a800002   20Gi       RWO            standard           77s
      wp-pv-claim      Bound     pvc-8cd0df54-4044-11e9-b2bb-42010a800002   20Gi       RWO            standard           77s
      ```

3. 通过运行以下命令来验证 Pod 是否正在运行：

      ```shell
      kubectl get pods
      ```

      {{< note >}}
      等待 Pod 状态变成`RUNNING`可能会花费几分钟。
      {{< /note >}}

      响应应如下所示：

      ```
      NAME                               READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
      wordpress-mysql-1894417608-x5dzt   1/1       Running   0          40s
      ```

4. 通过运行以下命令来验证 Service 是否正在运行：

      ```shell
      kubectl get services wordpress
      ```

      响应应如下所示：

      ```
      NAME        TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
      wordpress   ClusterIP   10.0.0.89    <pending>     80:32406/TCP   4m
      ```

      {{< note >}}
      Minikube 只能通过 NodePort 公开服务。EXTERNAL-IP 始终处于挂起状态
      {{< /note >}}

5. 运行以下命令以获取 WordPress 服务的 IP 地址：

      ```shell
      minikube service wordpress --url
      ```

      响应应如下所示：

      ```
      http://1.2.3.4:32406
      ```

6. 复制 IP 地址，然后将页面加载到浏览器中来查看您的站点。

      您应该看到类似于以下屏幕截图的 WordPress 设置页面。

      ![wordpress-init](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/examples/master/mysql-wordpress-pd/WordPress.png)



{{< warning >}}
<!--
Do not leave your WordPress installation on this page. If another user finds it, they can set up a website on your instance and use it to serve malicious content. <br/><br/>Either install WordPress by creating a username and password or delete your instance.
-->
不要在此页面上保留 WordPress 安装。如果其他用户找到了它，他们可以在您的实例上建立一个网站并使用它来提供恶意内容。<br/><br/>通过创建用户名和密码来安装 WordPress 或删除您的实例。

{{< /warning >}}

## {{% heading "cleanup" %}}

<!--
1. Run the following command to delete your Secret, Deployments, Services and PersistentVolumeClaims:

      ```shell
      kubectl delete -k ./
      ```
-->

1. 运行一下命令删除您的 Secret，Deployments，Services and PersistentVolumeClaims：

      ```shell
      kubectl delete -k ./
      ```



## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}


<!--
* Learn more about [Introspection and Debugging](/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-application-introspection/)
* Learn more about [Jobs](/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/)
* Learn more about [Port Forwarding](/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/port-forward-access-application-cluster/)
* Learn how to [Get a Shell to a Container](/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/)
-->

* 了解更多关于 [Introspection and Debugging](/zh/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/debug-application-introspection/)
* 了解更多关于 [Jobs](/zh/docs/concepts/workloads/controllers/jobs-run-to-completion/)
* 了解更多关于 [Port Forwarding](/zh/docs/tasks/access-application-cluster/port-forward-access-application-cluster/)
* 了解如何 [Get a Shell to a Container](/zh/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/get-shell-running-container/)