---
title: "集群管理"
weight: 100
content_type: concept
description: >
  关于创建和管理 Kubernetes 集群的底层细节。
no_list: true
---

<!--
title: Cluster Administration
reviewers:
- davidopp
- lavalamp
weight: 100
content_type: concept
description: >
  Lower-level detail relevant to creating or administering a Kubernetes cluster.
no_list: true
-->

<!-- overview -->
<!--
The cluster administration overview is for anyone creating or administering a Kubernetes cluster.
It assumes some familiarity with core Kubernetes [concepts](/docs/concepts/).
-->
集群管理概述面向任何创建和管理 Kubernetes 集群的读者人群。
我们假设你对一些核心的 Kubernetes [概念](/zh/docs/concepts/)大概了解。


<!-- body -->
<!--
## Planning a cluster

See the guides in [Setup](/docs/setup/) for examples of how to plan, set up, and configure Kubernetes clusters. The solutions listed in this article are called *distros*.

Not all distros are actively maintained. Choose distros which have been tested with a recent version of Kubernetes.

Before choosing a guide, here are some considerations:
-->
## 规划集群

查阅[安装](/zh/docs/setup/)中的指导，获取如何规划、建立以及配置 Kubernetes 集群的示例。本文所列的文章称为*发行版* 。

{{< note >}}
并非所有发行版都是被积极维护的。
请选择使用最近 Kubernetes 版本测试过的发行版。
{{< /note >}}

在选择一个指南前，有一些因素需要考虑：

<!--
- Do you just want to try out Kubernetes on your computer, or do you want to build a high-availability, multi-node cluster? Choose distros best suited for your needs.
- Will you be using **a hosted Kubernetes cluster**, such as [Google Kubernetes Engine](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/), or **hosting your own cluster**?
- Will your cluster be **on-premises**, or **in the cloud (IaaS)**? Kubernetes does not directly support hybrid clusters. Instead, you can set up multiple clusters.
- **If you are configuring Kubernetes on-premises**, consider which [networking model](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/networking/) fits best.
- Will you be running Kubernetes on **"bare metal" hardware** or on **virtual machines (VMs)**?
- Do you **just want to run a cluster**, or do you expect to do **active development of Kubernetes project code**? If the
  latter, choose an actively-developed distro. Some distros only use binary releases, but
  offer a greater variety of choices.
- Familiarize yourself with the [components](/docs/admin/cluster-components/) needed to run a cluster.
-->
- 你是打算在你的计算机上尝试 Kubernetes，还是要构建一个高可用的多节点集群？请选择最适合你需求的发行版。
- 您正在使用类似 [Google Kubernetes Engine](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/) 这样的**被托管的 Kubernetes 集群**, 还是**管理您自己的集群**？
- 你的集群是在**本地**还是**云（IaaS）**上？Kubernetes 不能直接支持混合集群。作为代替，你可以建立多个集群。
- **如果你在本地配置 Kubernetes**，需要考虑哪种[网络模型](/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/networking/)最适合。
- 你的 Kubernetes 在**裸金属硬件**上还是**虚拟机（VMs）**上运行？
- 你**只想运行一个集群**，还是打算**参与开发 Kubernetes 项目代码**？如果是后者，请选择一个处于开发状态的发行版。某些发行版只提供二进制发布版，但提供更多的选择。
- 让你自己熟悉运行一个集群所需的[组件](/zh/docs/admin/cluster-components)。

<!--
## Managing a cluster

* [Managing a cluster](/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/) describes several topics related to the lifecycle of a cluster: creating a new cluster, upgrading your cluster’s master and worker nodes, performing node maintenance (e.g. kernel upgrades), and upgrading the Kubernetes API version of a running cluster.

* Learn how to [manage nodes](/docs/concepts/nodes/node/).

* Learn how to set up and manage the [resource quota](/docs/concepts/policy/resource-quotas/) for shared clusters.
-->
## 管理集群

* [管理集群](/zh/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/cluster-management/)叙述了和集群生命周期相关的几个主题：
创建新集群、升级集群的控制节点和工作节点、执行节点维护（例如内核升级）以及升级运行中的集群的 Kubernetes API 版本。

* 学习如何[管理节点](/zh/docs/concepts/nodes/node/)。

* 学习如何设定和管理集群共享的[资源配额](/zh/docs/concepts/policy/resource-quotas/) 。

<!--
## Securing a cluster

* [Certificates](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates/) describes the steps to generate certificates using different tool chains.
* [Kubernetes Container Environment](/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment/) describes the environment for Kubelet managed containers on a Kubernetes node.
* [Controlling Access to the Kubernetes API](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/controlling-access/) describes how to set up permissions for users and service accounts.
* [Authenticating](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/) explains authentication in Kubernetes, including the various authentication options.
* [Authorization](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authorization/) is separate from authentication, and controls how HTTP calls are handled.
* [Using Admission Controllers](/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers/) explains plug-ins which intercepts requests to the Kubernetes API server after authentication and authorization.
* [Using Sysctls in a Kubernetes Cluster](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/sysctl-cluster/) describes to an administrator how to use the `sysctl` command-line tool to set kernel parameters .
* [Auditing](/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/audit/) describes how to interact with Kubernetes' audit logs.
-->
## 保护集群

* [证书](/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/certificates/)节描述了使用不同的工具链生成证书的步骤。
* [Kubernetes 容器环境](/zh/docs/concepts/containers/container-environment-variables/)描述了 Kubernetes 节点上由 Kubelet 管理的容器的环境。
* [控制到 Kubernetes API 的访问](/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/controlling-access/)描述了如何为用户和 service accounts 建立权限许可。
* [认证](/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/authentication/)节阐述了 Kubernetes 中的身份认证功能，包括许多认证选项。
* [鉴权](/zh/docs/admin/authorization/)从认证中分离出来，用于控制如何处理 HTTP 请求。
* [使用准入控制器](/zh/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/admission-controllers) 阐述了在认证和授权之后拦截到 Kubernetes API 服务的请求的插件。
* [在 Kubernetes 集群中使用 Sysctls](/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/sysctl-cluster/) 描述了管理员如何使用 `sysctl` 命令行工具来设置内核参数。
* [审计](/zh/docs/tasks/debug-application-cluster/audit/)描述了如何与 Kubernetes 的审计日志交互。

<!--
### Securing the kubelet

* [Master-Node communication](/docs/concepts/architecture/master-node-communication/)
* [TLS bootstrapping](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/)
* [Kubelet authentication/authorization](/docs/admin/kubelet-authentication-authorization/)
-->
### 保护 kubelet

* [主控节点通信](/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/master-node-communication/)
* [TLS 引导](/zh/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/kubelet-tls-bootstrapping/)
* [Kubelet 认证/授权](/zh/docs/admin/kubelet-authentication-authorization/)

<!--
## Optional Cluster Services

* [DNS Integration](/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/) describes how to resolve a DNS name directly to a Kubernetes service.
* [Logging and Monitoring Cluster Activity](/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/) explains how logging in Kubernetes works and how to implement it.
-->

## 可选集群服务

* [DNS 集成](/zh/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/)描述了如何将一个 DNS 名解析到一个 Kubernetes service。
* [记录和监控集群活动](/zh/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/logging/)阐述了 Kubernetes 的日志如何工作以及怎样实现。