---
title: 特性门控
weight: 10
content_type: concept
card:
  name: reference
  weight: 60
---
<!--
title: Feature Gates
weight: 10
content_type: concept
card:
  name: reference
  weight: 60
-->

<!-- overview -->
<!--
This page contains an overview of the various feature gates an administrator
can specify on different Kubernetes components.

See [feature stages](#feature-stages) for an explanation of the stages for a feature.
-->
本页详述了管理员可以在不同的 Kubernetes 组件上指定的各种特性门控。

关于特性各个阶段的说明，请参见[特性阶段](#feature-stages)。

<!-- body -->

<!--
## Overview

Feature gates are a set of key=value pairs that describe Kubernetes features.
You can turn these features on or off using the `--feature-gates` command line flag
on each Kubernetes component.
-->
## 概述 {#overview}

特性门控是描述 Kubernetes 特性的一组键值对。你可以在 Kubernetes 的各个组件中使用
`--feature-gates` 标志来启用或禁用这些特性。

<!--
Each Kubernetes component lets you enable or disable a set of feature gates that
are relevant to that component.
Use `-h` flag to see a full set of feature gates for all components.
To set feature gates for a component, such as kubelet, use the `--feature-gates`
flag assigned to a list of feature pairs:
-->
每个 Kubernetes 组件都支持启用或禁用与该组件相关的一组特性门控。
使用 `-h` 参数来查看所有组件支持的完整特性门控。
要为诸如 kubelet 之类的组件设置特性门控，请使用 `--feature-gates` 参数，
并向其传递一个特性设置键值对列表：

```shell
--feature-gates=...,GracefulNodeShutdown=true
```

<!--
The following tables are a summary of the feature gates that you can set on
different Kubernetes components.
-->
下表总结了在不同的 Kubernetes 组件上可以设置的特性门控。

<!--
- The "Since" column contains the Kubernetes release when a feature is introduced
  or its release stage is changed.
- The "Until" column, if not empty, contains the last Kubernetes release in which
  you can still use a feature gate.
- If a feature is in the Alpha or Beta state, you can find the feature listed
  in the [Alpha/Beta feature gate table](#feature-gates-for-alpha-or-beta-features).
- If a feature is stable you can find all stages for that feature listed in the
  [Graduated/Deprecated feature gate table](#feature-gates-for-graduated-or-deprecated-features).
- The [Graduated/Deprecated feature gate table](#feature-gates-for-graduated-or-deprecated-features)
  also lists deprecated and withdrawn features.
-->
- 引入特性或更改其发布阶段后，"开始（Since）" 列将包含 Kubernetes 版本。
- "结束（Until）" 列（如果不为空）包含最后一个 Kubernetes 版本，你仍可以在其中使用特性门控。
- 如果某个特性处于 Alpha 或 Beta 状态，你可以在
  [Alpha 和 Beta 特性门控表](#feature-gates-for-alpha-or-beta-features)中找到该特性。
- 如果某个特性处于稳定状态，
  你可以在[已毕业和废弃特性门控表](#feature-gates-for-graduated-or-deprecated-features)中找到该特性的所有阶段。
- [已毕业和废弃特性门控表](#feature-gates-for-graduated-or-deprecated-features)还列出了废弃的和已被移除的特性。

{{< note >}}
<!--
For a reference to old feature gates that are removed, please refer to
[feature gates removed](/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates-removed/).
-->
有关已移除的原有特性门控的参考信息，
请参阅[已移除的特性门控](/zh-cn/docs/reference/command-line-tools-reference/feature-gates-removed/)。
{{< /note >}}

<!-- Want to edit this table? See https://k8s.io/docs/contribute/new-content/new-features/#ready-for-review-feature-gates -->
<!--
### Feature gates for Alpha or Beta features
-->
### Alpha 和 Beta 状态的特性门控  {#feature-gates-for-alpha-or-beta-features}

<!--
{{< feature-gate-table include="alpha,beta" caption="Feature gates for features in Alpha or Beta states" >}}
-->
{{< feature-gate-table include="alpha,beta" caption="处于 Alpha 或 Beta 状态的特性门控" >}}

<!-- Want to edit this table? See https://k8s.io/docs/contribute/new-content/new-features/#ready-for-review-feature-gates -->
<!--
### Feature gates for graduated or deprecated features
-->
### 已毕业和已废弃的特性门控  {#feature-gates-for-graduated-or-deprecated-features}

<!--
{{< feature-gate-table include="ga,deprecated" caption="Feature Gates for Graduated or Deprecated Features" >}}
-->
{{< feature-gate-table include="ga,deprecated" caption="已毕业或已废弃的特性门控" >}}

<!--
## Using a feature

### Feature stages
-->
## 使用特性   {#using-a-feature}

### 特性阶段    {#feature-stages}

<!--
A feature can be in *Alpha*, *Beta* or *GA* stage.
An *Alpha* feature means:
-->
处于 **Alpha**、**Beta**、**GA** 阶段的特性。

**Alpha** 特性代表：

<!--
* Disabled by default.
* Might be buggy. Enabling the feature may expose bugs.
* Support for feature may be dropped at any time without notice.
* The API may change in incompatible ways in a later software release without notice.
* Recommended for use only in short-lived testing clusters, due to increased
  risk of bugs and lack of long-term support.
-->
* 默认禁用。
* 可能有错误，启用此特性可能会导致错误。
* 随时可能删除对此特性的支持，恕不另行通知。
* 在以后的软件版本中，API 可能会以不兼容的方式更改，恕不另行通知。
* 建议将其仅用于短期测试中，因为开启特性会增加错误的风险，并且缺乏长期支持。

<!--
A *Beta* feature means:
-->
**Beta** 特性代表：

<!--
* Usually enabled by default. Beta API groups are
  [disabled by default](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-architecture/3136-beta-apis-off-by-default).
* The feature is well tested. Enabling the feature is considered safe.
* Support for the overall feature will not be dropped, though details may change.
* The schema and/or semantics of objects may change in incompatible ways in a
  subsequent beta or stable release. When this happens, we will provide instructions
  for migrating to the next version. This may require deleting, editing, and
  re-creating API objects. The editing process may require some thought.
  This may require downtime for applications that rely on the feature.
* Recommended for only non-business-critical uses because of potential for
  incompatible changes in subsequent releases. If you have multiple clusters
  that can be upgraded independently, you may be able to relax this restriction.
-->
* 通常默认启用。Beta API 组[默认是被禁用的](https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-architecture/3136-beta-apis-off-by-default)。
* 该特性已经经过良好测试。启用该特性是安全的。
* 尽管详细信息可能会更改，但不会放弃对整体特性的支持。
* 对象的架构或语义可能会在随后的 Beta 或稳定版本中以不兼容的方式更改。
  当发生这种情况时，我们将提供迁移到下一版本的说明。此特性可能需要删除、编辑和重新创建 API 对象。
  编辑过程可能需要慎重操作，因为这可能会导致依赖该特性的应用程序停机。
* 推荐仅用于非关键业务用途，因为在后续版本中可能会发生不兼容的更改。如果你具有多个可以独立升级的，则可以放宽此限制。

{{< note >}}
<!--
Please do try *Beta* features and give feedback on them!
After they exit beta, it may not be practical for us to make more changes.
-->
请试用 **Beta** 特性并提供相关反馈！
一旦特性结束 Beta 状态，我们就不太可能再对特性进行大幅修改。
{{< /note >}}

<!--
A *General Availability* (GA) feature is also referred to as a *stable* feature. It means:
-->
**General Availability**（GA）特性也称为**稳定**特性，**GA** 特性代表着：

<!--
* The feature is always enabled; you cannot disable it.
* The corresponding feature gate is no longer needed.
* Stable versions of features will appear in released software for many subsequent versions.
-->
* 此特性会一直启用；你不能禁用它。
* 不再需要相应的特性门控。
* 对于许多后续版本，特性的稳定版本将出现在发行的软件中。

<!--
## List of feature gates {#feature-gates}

Each feature gate is designed for enabling/disabling a specific feature:
-->
### 特性门控列表 {#feature-gates}

每个特性门控均用于启用或禁用某个特定的特性：

<!-- Want to edit this list? See https://k8s.io/docs/contribute/new-content/new-features/#ready-for-review-feature-gates -->
{{< feature-gate-list include="alpha,beta,ga,deprecated" >}}

## {{% heading "whatsnext" %}}

<!--
* The [deprecation policy](/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-policy/) for Kubernetes explains
  the project's approach to removing features and components.
* Since Kubernetes 1.24, new beta APIs are not enabled by default.  When enabling a beta
  feature, you will also need to enable any associated API resources.
  For example, to enable a particular resource like
  `storage.k8s.io/v1beta1/csistoragecapacities`, set `--runtime-config=storage.k8s.io/v1beta1/csistoragecapacities`.
  See [API Versioning](/docs/reference/using-api/#api-versioning) for more details on the command line flags.
-->
* Kubernetes 的[弃用策略](/zh-cn/docs/reference/using-api/deprecation-policy/)介绍了项目针对已移除特性和组件的处理方法。
* 从 Kubernetes 1.24 开始，默认不启用新的 Beta API。
  启用 Beta 功能时，还需要启用所有关联的 API 资源。
  例如：要启用一个特定资源，如 `storage.k8s.io/v1beta1/csistoragecapacities`，
  请设置 `--runtime-config=storage.k8s.io/v1beta1/csistoragecapacities`。
  有关命令行标志的更多详细信息，请参阅 [API 版本控制](/zh-cn/docs/reference/using-api/#api-versioning)。