hello-algo/zh-hant/codes/javascript/chapter_tree/array_binary_tree.js

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/**
* File: array_binary_tree.js
* Created Time: 2023-08-06
* Author: yuan0221 (yl1452491917@gmail.com)
*/
const { arrToTree } = require('../modules/TreeNode');
const { printTree } = require('../modules/PrintUtil');
/* 陣列表示下的二元樹類別 */
class ArrayBinaryTree {
#tree;
/* 建構子 */
constructor(arr) {
this.#tree = arr;
}
/* 串列容量 */
size() {
return this.#tree.length;
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的值 */
val(i) {
// 若索引越界,則返回 null ,代表空位
if (i < 0 || i >= this.size()) return null;
return this.#tree[i];
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的左子節點的索引 */
left(i) {
return 2 * i + 1;
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的右子節點的索引 */
right(i) {
return 2 * i + 2;
}
/* 獲取索引為 i 節點的父節點的索引 */
parent(i) {
return Math.floor((i - 1) / 2); // 向下整除
}
/* 層序走訪 */
levelOrder() {
let res = [];
// 直接走訪陣列
for (let i = 0; i < this.size(); i++) {
if (this.val(i) !== null) res.push(this.val(i));
}
return res;
}
/* 深度優先走訪 */
#dfs(i, order, res) {
// 若為空位,則返回
if (this.val(i) === null) return;
// 前序走訪
if (order === 'pre') res.push(this.val(i));
this.#dfs(this.left(i), order, res);
// 中序走訪
if (order === 'in') res.push(this.val(i));
this.#dfs(this.right(i), order, res);
// 後序走訪
if (order === 'post') res.push(this.val(i));
}
/* 前序走訪 */
preOrder() {
const res = [];
this.#dfs(0, 'pre', res);
return res;
}
/* 中序走訪 */
inOrder() {
const res = [];
this.#dfs(0, 'in', res);
return res;
}
/* 後序走訪 */
postOrder() {
const res = [];
this.#dfs(0, 'post', res);
return res;
}
}
/* Driver Code */
// 初始化二元樹
// 這裡藉助了一個從陣列直接生成二元樹的函式
const arr = Array.of(
1,
2,
3,
4,
null,
6,
7,
8,
9,
null,
null,
12,
null,
null,
15
);
const root = arrToTree(arr);
console.log('\n初始化二元樹\n');
console.log('二元樹的陣列表示:');
console.log(arr);
console.log('二元樹的鏈結串列表示:');
printTree(root);
// 陣列表示下的二元樹類別
const abt = new ArrayBinaryTree(arr);
// 訪問節點
const i = 1;
const l = abt.left(i);
const r = abt.right(i);
const p = abt.parent(i);
console.log('\n當前節點的索引為 ' + i + ' ,值為 ' + abt.val(i));
console.log(
'其左子節點的索引為 ' + l + ' ,值為 ' + (l === null ? 'null' : abt.val(l))
);
console.log(
'其右子節點的索引為 ' + r + ' ,值為 ' + (r === null ? 'null' : abt.val(r))
);
console.log(
'其父節點的索引為 ' + p + ' ,值為 ' + (p === null ? 'null' : abt.val(p))
);
// 走訪樹
let res = abt.levelOrder();
console.log('\n層序走訪為' + res);
res = abt.preOrder();
console.log('前序走訪為:' + res);
res = abt.inOrder();
console.log('中序走訪為:' + res);
res = abt.postOrder();
console.log('後序走訪為:' + res);