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customElements.define('markdown-style', MarkdownStyle);</script><markdown-style style="max-width: 960px; margin: 0 auto 60px auto; padding: 8px;" class="markdown-style">
|
||
<h1 id="iostat"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#iostat"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>iostat</h1>
|
||
<p>监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况</p>
|
||
<h2 id="补充说明"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#补充说明"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>补充说明</h2>
|
||
<p><strong>iostat命令</strong> 被用于监视系统输入输出设备和CPU的使用情况。它的特点是汇报磁盘活动统计情况，同时也会汇报出CPU使用情况。同vmstat一样，iostat也有一个弱点，就是它不能对某个进程进行深入分析，仅对系统的整体情况进行分析。</p>
|
||
<p>iowait 指在一个采样周期内有百分之几的时间是属于以下情况：CPU处于空闲状态并且至少有一个未完成的磁盘IO请求。</p>
|
||
<h2 id="安装-iostat"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#安装-iostat"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>安装 iostat</h2>
|
||
<p>
|
||
iostat包含在<strong>sysstat</strong>包内。如果你没有，你首先需要安装它。
|
||
在 RedHat / CentOS / Fedora
|
||
</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">yum <span class="token function">install</span> sysstat
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="yum install sysstat
|
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" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<p>在 Debian / Ubuntu / Linux Mint</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token function">sudo</span> <span class="token function">apt-get</span> <span class="token function">install</span> sysstat
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="sudo apt-get install sysstat
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<h2 id="语法"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#语法"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>语法</h2>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">iostat<span class="token punctuation">(</span>选项<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>参数<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="iostat(选项)(参数)
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="选项"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#选项"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>选项</h3>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token comment"># iostat --help</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">Usage: iostat <span class="token punctuation">[</span> options <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>interval<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>count<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">Options are:
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-c</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-d</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-h</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-k</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-m</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-N</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-s</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-t</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-V</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-x</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-y</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-z</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-j</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span> ID <span class="token operator">|</span> LABEL <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token environment constant">PATH</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> UUID <span class="token operator">|</span> <span class="token punctuation">..</span>. <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">--human</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-o</span> JSON <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6"><span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-H</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-g</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>group_name<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-p</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span> <span class="token operator"><</span>device<span class="token operator">></span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>,<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">|</span> ALL <span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="# iostat --help
|
||
Usage: iostat [ options ] [ <interval> [ <count> ] ]
|
||
Options are:
|
||
[ -c ] [ -d ] [ -h ] [ -k | -m ] [ -N ] [ -s ] [ -t ] [ -V ] [ -x ] [ -y ] [ -z ]
|
||
[ -j { ID | LABEL | PATH | UUID | ... } ] [ --human ] [ -o JSON ]
|
||
[ [ -H ] -g <group_name> ] [ -p [ <device> [,...] | ALL ] ]
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<p>参数说明：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">-c 输出CPU统计信息。不能与-d参数同时使用。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">-d 输出设备和分区的I/O统计信息。不能与-c参数同时使用。(默认的参数是-d)。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">-h 让人类更容易阅读设备使用情况报告。--human使用此选项隐式启用。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">-k 用“kbytes/秒”代替“块/秒”显示统计信息。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">-m 用“mbytes/秒”代替“块/秒”显示统计信息。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">-t 打印显示的每份报告的时间。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">-V 显示版本号并退出。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">-x 显示扩展统计信息。不能与参数-p同时使用。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">-y 如果在给定时间间隔内显示多条记录，则省略自系统启动以来的第一份统计报告。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">-z 告诉 iostat 忽略在样本期间没有活动的设备的输出。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">-j 显示持久的设备名称。选项ID、LABEL等指定持久名称的类型。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">--human 以人类可读格式打印大小(例如1.0k, 1.2M等)。使用此选项显示的单位取代与度量相关的任何其他默认单位(例如千字节，扇区…)。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">-o 以JSON (Javascript Object Notation)格式显示统计数据。JSON输出字段顺序未定义，未来可能会添加新字段。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">-H 该选项必须与-g一起使用，表示只显示组的全局统计信息，而不显示组中单个设备的统计信息。
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">-p 选项显示系统使用的块设备及其所有分区的统计信息。如果在命令行中输入一个设备名，那么将显示该设备及其所有分区的统计信息。最后，ALL关键字表示必须显示系统定义的所有块设备和分区的统计信息，包括那些从未使用过的设备和分区。如果在此选项之前定义了选项-j，则可以使用所选的持久名称类型指定在命令行上输入的设备。
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="-c 输出CPU统计信息。不能与-d参数同时使用。
|
||
-d 输出设备和分区的I/O统计信息。不能与-c参数同时使用。(默认的参数是-d)。
|
||
-h 让人类更容易阅读设备使用情况报告。--human使用此选项隐式启用。
|
||
-k 用“kbytes/秒”代替“块/秒”显示统计信息。
|
||
-m 用“mbytes/秒”代替“块/秒”显示统计信息。
|
||
-t 打印显示的每份报告的时间。
|
||
-V 显示版本号并退出。
|
||
-x 显示扩展统计信息。不能与参数-p同时使用。
|
||
-y 如果在给定时间间隔内显示多条记录，则省略自系统启动以来的第一份统计报告。
|
||
-z 告诉 iostat 忽略在样本期间没有活动的设备的输出。
|
||
-j 显示持久的设备名称。选项ID、LABEL等指定持久名称的类型。
|
||
--human 以人类可读格式打印大小(例如1.0k, 1.2M等)。使用此选项显示的单位取代与度量相关的任何其他默认单位(例如千字节，扇区…)。
|
||
-o 以JSON (Javascript Object Notation)格式显示统计数据。JSON输出字段顺序未定义，未来可能会添加新字段。
|
||
-H 该选项必须与-g一起使用，表示只显示组的全局统计信息，而不显示组中单个设备的统计信息。
|
||
-p 选项显示系统使用的块设备及其所有分区的统计信息。如果在命令行中输入一个设备名，那么将显示该设备及其所有分区的统计信息。最后，ALL关键字表示必须显示系统定义的所有块设备和分区的统计信息，包括那些从未使用过的设备和分区。如果在此选项之前定义了选项-j，则可以使用所选的持久名称类型指定在命令行上输入的设备。
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="参数"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#参数"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>参数</h3>
|
||
<p>
|
||
interval 刷新时间间隔
|
||
count 刷新次数
|
||
</p>
|
||
<h2 id="运行示例"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#运行示例"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>运行示例</h2>
|
||
<h3 id="示例1"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例1"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>示例1</h3>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token comment"># iostat</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">Linux <span class="token number">4.18</span>.0-477.13.1.el8_8.x86_64 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>node1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 08/28/2024 _x86_64_ <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> CPU<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"> <span class="token number">3.30</span> <span class="token number">0.01</span> <span class="token number">1.90</span> <span class="token number">0.12</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">94.68</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">Device tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">vda <span class="token number">7.85</span> <span class="token number">84.22</span> <span class="token number">36.59</span> <span class="token number">1081853831</span> <span class="token number">470049100</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="# iostat
|
||
Linux 4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8.x86_64 (node1) 08/28/2024 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
|
||
|
||
avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle
|
||
3.30 0.01 1.90 0.12 0.00 94.68
|
||
|
||
Device tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn
|
||
vda 7.85 84.22 36.59 1081853831 470049100
|
||
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<p>第一部分包含了CPU报告</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>性能指标</th>
|
||
<th>含义</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%user</td>
|
||
<td>显示在用户级(应用程序)执行时发生的CPU利用率百分比。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%nice</td>
|
||
<td>显示在具有nice优先级的用户级别执行时发生的CPU利用率百分比。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%system</td>
|
||
<td>显示在系统级(内核)执行时发生的CPU利用率百分比。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%iowait</td>
|
||
<td>显示在系统有未完成的磁盘I/O请求期间CPU空闲的时间百分比。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%steal</td>
|
||
<td>显示虚拟机监控程序为另一个虚拟处理器提供服务时，一个或多个虚拟CPU在非自愿等待上花费的时间百分比。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%idle</td>
|
||
<td>显示CPU空闲且系统没有未完成的磁盘I/O请求的时间百分比。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>第二部分包含了设备利用率报告</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>性能指标</th>
|
||
<th>含义</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>Device</td>
|
||
<td>此列给出了 /dev 目录中列出的设备（或分区）名称。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>tps</td>
|
||
<td>表示每秒向设备发出的传输次数。传输是对设备的 I/O 请求。多个逻辑请求可合并为对设备的一个 I/O 请求。传输大小不确定。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>kB_read/s</td>
|
||
<td>表示每秒从设备读取的数据量，以块数（千字节、兆字节）表示。块相当于扇区，因此大小为 512 字节。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>kB_wrtn/s</td>
|
||
<td>表示写入设备的数据量，以每秒块数（千字节、兆字节）表示。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>kB_read</td>
|
||
<td>读取的数据块总数（千字节、兆字节）。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>kB_wrtn</td>
|
||
<td>写入的数据块总数（千字节、兆字节）。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<h3 id="示例2"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例2"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>示例2</h3>
|
||
<p>以更友好的显示方式显示 IO 信息，使用<code>-y</code>忽略第一份统计。并每隔 1 秒重新一次，共5次。</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token comment"># iostat -hdy 1 5</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">Linux <span class="token number">4.18</span>.0-477.13.1.el8_8.x86_64 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>node1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 08/28/2024 _x86_64_ <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> CPU<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4"> tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn Device
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"> <span class="token number">64.00</span> <span class="token number">288</span>.0k <span class="token number">308</span>.0k <span class="token number">288</span>.0k <span class="token number">308</span>.0k vda
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7"> tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn Device
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8"> <span class="token number">12.00</span> <span class="token number">0</span>.0k <span class="token number">84</span>.0k <span class="token number">0</span>.0k <span class="token number">84</span>.0k vda
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10"> tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn Device
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11"> <span class="token number">15.00</span> <span class="token number">0</span>.0k <span class="token number">36</span>.0k <span class="token number">0</span>.0k <span class="token number">36</span>.0k vda
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13"> tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn Device
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14"> <span class="token number">28.00</span> <span class="token number">0</span>.0k <span class="token number">76</span>.0k <span class="token number">0</span>.0k <span class="token number">76</span>.0k vda
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16"> tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn Device
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17"> <span class="token number">11.00</span> <span class="token number">0</span>.0k <span class="token number">100</span>.0k <span class="token number">0</span>.0k <span class="token number">100</span>.0k vda
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="# iostat -hdy 1 5
|
||
Linux 4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8.x86_64 (node1) 08/28/2024 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
|
||
|
||
tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn Device
|
||
64.00 288.0k 308.0k 288.0k 308.0k vda
|
||
|
||
tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn Device
|
||
12.00 0.0k 84.0k 0.0k 84.0k vda
|
||
|
||
tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn Device
|
||
15.00 0.0k 36.0k 0.0k 36.0k vda
|
||
|
||
tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn Device
|
||
28.00 0.0k 76.0k 0.0k 76.0k vda
|
||
|
||
tps kB_read/s kB_wrtn/s kB_read kB_wrtn Device
|
||
11.00 0.0k 100.0k 0.0k 100.0k vda
|
||
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="示例3"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#示例3"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>示例3</h3>
|
||
<pre class="language-bash"><code class="language-bash code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token comment"># iostat -xd 1</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">Linux <span class="token number">4.18</span>.0-477.13.1.el8_8.x86_64 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>node1<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 08/28/2024 _x86_64_ <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span> CPU<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">vda <span class="token number">4.64</span> <span class="token number">3.21</span> <span class="token number">84.14</span> <span class="token number">36.59</span> <span class="token number">0.28</span> <span class="token number">1.07</span> <span class="token number">5.64</span> <span class="token number">25.01</span> <span class="token number">5.86</span> <span class="token number">8.23</span> <span class="token number">0.05</span> <span class="token number">18.12</span> <span class="token number">11.41</span> <span class="token number">0.44</span> <span class="token number">0.34</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">vda <span class="token number">1.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">4.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">1.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">4.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">2.00</span> <span class="token number">0.20</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">vda <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">37.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">395.50</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">10.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">21.28</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.92</span> <span class="token number">0.03</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">10.69</span> <span class="token number">0.11</span> <span class="token number">0.40</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">vda <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">vda <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19">Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20">vda <span class="token number">1.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">4.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">1.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">4.00</span> <span class="token number">0.00</span> <span class="token number">1.00</span> <span class="token number">0.10</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="21">
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="# iostat -xd 1
|
||
Linux 4.18.0-477.13.1.el8_8.x86_64 (node1) 08/28/2024 _x86_64_ (2 CPU)
|
||
|
||
Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
vda 4.64 3.21 84.14 36.59 0.28 1.07 5.64 25.01 5.86 8.23 0.05 18.12 11.41 0.44 0.34
|
||
|
||
Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
vda 1.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 2.00 0.20
|
||
|
||
Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
vda 0.00 37.00 0.00 395.50 0.00 10.00 0.00 21.28 0.00 0.92 0.03 0.00 10.69 0.11 0.40
|
||
|
||
Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
vda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
|
||
|
||
Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
vda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
|
||
|
||
Device r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s rrqm/s wrqm/s %rrqm %wrqm r_await w_await aqu-sz rareq-sz wareq-sz svctm %util
|
||
vda 1.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 4.00 0.00 1.00 0.10
|
||
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<p>从这里你可以看到，iostat 提供了非常丰富的性能指标。第一列的 Device 表示磁盘设备的名字，其他各列指标，虽然数量较多，但是每个指标的含义都很重要。</p>
|
||
<table>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<th>性能指标</th>
|
||
<th>含义</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tbody>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>r/s</td>
|
||
<td>设备每秒完成的读取请求数（合并后）。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>w/s</td>
|
||
<td>设备每秒完成的写入请求数（合并后）。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>rkB/s</td>
|
||
<td>每秒从设备读取的扇区数（千字节、兆字节）。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>wkB/s</td>
|
||
<td>每秒写入设备的扇区数（千字节、兆字节）。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>rrqm/s</td>
|
||
<td>每秒合并到设备的排队 I/O 请求数。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>wrqm/s</td>
|
||
<td>每秒合并到设备的写入请求数。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%rrqm</td>
|
||
<td>在发送到设备之前合并在一起的读取请求的百分比。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%wrqm</td>
|
||
<td>发送到设备前合并在一起的写入请求的百分比。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>r_await</td>
|
||
<td>向设备发出的读取请求获得服务的平均时间（毫秒）。这包括请求在队列中花费的时间和为请求提供服务的时间。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>w_await</td>
|
||
<td>向待服务设备发出写入请求的平均时间（毫秒）。这包括请求在队列中花费的时间和为请求提供服务的时间。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>aqu-sz</td>
|
||
<td>向设备发出的请求的平均队列长度。注意：在以前的版本中，该字段被称为 avgqu-sz。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>rareq-sz</td>
|
||
<td>向设备发出的读取请求的平均大小（千字节）。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>wareq-sz</td>
|
||
<td>向设备发出的写入请求的平均大小（千字节）。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>svctm</td>
|
||
<td>向设备发出的 I/O 请求的平均服务时间（毫秒）。警告！不要再相信这个字段了。 未来的 sysstat 版本将删除此字段。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr>
|
||
<td>%util</td>
|
||
<td>向设备发出 I/O 请求所用时间的百分比（设备带宽利用率）。 对于串行服务请求的设备，当该值接近 100%，设备就会饱和。 但对于以并行方式提供请求的设备，如 RAID 阵列和现代固态硬盘，该数值并不能反映其性能极限。</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</tbody>
|
||
</table>
|
||
<p>当 %iowait 升高，需要重点关注以下指标：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>avgrq-sz: 向设备发出请求的平均大小（单位：扇区）</li>
|
||
<li>avgqu-sz: 向设备发出请求的队列平均长度。也是个做 IO 调优时需要注意的地方，这个就是直接每次操作的数据的大小，如果次数多，但数据拿的小的话，其实 IO 也会很小.如果数据拿的大，IO 的数据会高</li>
|
||
<li>r_await: 向服务设备发出读取请求的平均时间（单位：毫秒）。包括请求入队的时间以及设备处理请求的时间</li>
|
||
<li>w_await: 向服务设备发出写请求的平均时间（单位：毫秒）。包括请求入队的时间以及设备处理请求的时间</li>
|
||
<li>%util：一秒中有百分之多少的时间用于 I/O 操作，或者说一秒中有多少时间 I/O 队列是非空的。如果 %util 接近 100%，说明产生的I/O请求太多，I/O系统已经满负荷，该磁盘可能存在瓶颈</li>
|
||
<li>%svctm：平均每次设备 I/O 操作的服务时间 (毫秒)。一般要小于 await (因为同时等待的请求的等待时间被重复计算了)，svctm 的大小一般和磁盘性能有关，CPU/内存的负荷也会对其有影响，请求过多也会间接导致 svctm 的增加。await 的大小一般取决于服务时间(svctm) 以及 I/O 队列的长度和 I/O 请求的发出模式。如果 svctm 比较接近 await，说明 I/O 几乎没有等待时间；如果 await 远大于 svctm，说明 I/O 队列太长，应用得到的响应时间变慢，如果响应时间超过了用户可以容许的范围，这时可以考虑更换更快的磁盘，调整内核 elevator 算法，优化应用，或者升级 CPU</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<style>markdown-style pre .copied {
|
||
display: flex;
|
||
position: absolute;
|
||
cursor: pointer;
|
||
color: #a5afbb;
|
||
top: 6px;
|
||
right: 6px;
|
||
border-radius: 5px;
|
||
background: #82828226;
|
||
padding: 6px;
|
||
font-size: 12px;
|
||
transition: all .3s;
|
||
}
|
||
markdown-style pre .copied:not(.active) {
|
||
visibility: hidden;
|
||
}
|
||
markdown-style pre:hover .copied {
|
||
visibility: visible;
|
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}
|
||
markdown-style pre:hover .copied:hover {
|
||
background: #4caf50;
|
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color: #fff;
|
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}
|
||
markdown-style pre:hover .copied:active,
|
||
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