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|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="search">
|
||
<ul class="search-list" id="result">
|
||
<!-- <li><a href="#"><strong>find</strong> - 指定目录下查找文件。</a></li> -->
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<input type="text" class="query" id="query" autocomplete="off" autofocus="autofocus" placeholder="Linux 命令搜索"/>
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
<button id="search_btn">搜索</button>
|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
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|
||
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/copy-to-clipboard.js"></script>
|
||
|
||
<div class="markdown-body">
|
||
|
||
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|
||
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master/command/lilo.md">纠正错误</a>
|
||
<span class="split"></span>
|
||
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master/command/lilo.md">添加实例</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
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|
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|
||
</style>
|
||
<slot></slot>
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||
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||
customElements.define('markdown-style', MarkdownStyle);</script><markdown-style style="max-width: 960px; margin: 0 auto 60px auto; padding: 8px;" class="markdown-style">
|
||
<h1 id="lilo"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#lilo"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>lilo</h1>
|
||
<p>安装核心载入开机管理程序</p>
|
||
<h2 id="补充说明"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#补充说明"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>补充说明</h2>
|
||
<p><strong>lilo命令</strong> 用于安装核心载入，开机管理程序。lilo是个Linux系统核心载入程序，同时具备管理开机的功能。单独执行lilo指令，它会读取/etc/lilo.conf配置文件，然后根据其内容安装lilo。</p>
|
||
<p>Linux lilo已经成为所有 Linux 发行版的标准组成部分。作为一个 较老的/最老的 Linux 引导加载程序，它那不断壮大的 Linux 社区支持使它能够随时间的推移而发展，并始终能够充当一个可用的现代引导加载程序。有一些新的功能，比如增强的用户界面，以及对能够突破原来 1024-柱面限制的新 BIOS 功能的利用。</p>
|
||
<p>虽然 LILO 仍在不断地发展，但 LILO 工作原理的基本概念保持不变。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="语法"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#语法"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>语法</h3>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">lilo<span class="token punctuation">(</span>选项<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="lilo(选项)
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="选项"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#选项"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>选项</h3>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">-b<span class="token operator"><</span>外围设备代号<span class="token operator">></span>：指定安装lilo之处的外围设备代号；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2">-c：使用紧致映射模式；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3">-C<span class="token operator"><</span>配置文件<span class="token operator">></span>：指定lilo的配置文件；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">-d<span class="token operator"><</span>延迟时间<span class="token operator">></span>：设置开机延迟时间；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5">-D<span class="token operator"><</span>识别标签<span class="token operator">></span>：指定开机后预设启动的操作系统，或系统核心识别标签；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">-f<span class="token operator"><</span>几何参数文件<span class="token operator">></span>：指定磁盘的几何参数配置文件；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7">-i<span class="token operator"><</span>开机磁区文件<span class="token operator">></span>：指定欲使用的开机磁区文件，预设是/boot目录里的boot.b文件；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8">-I<span class="token operator"><</span>识别标签<span class="token operator">></span>：显示系统核心存放之处；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9">-l：产生线形磁区地址；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10">-m<span class="token operator"><</span>映射文件<span class="token operator">></span>：指定映射文件；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11">-P<span class="token operator"><</span>fix/ignore<span class="token operator">></span>：决定要修复或忽略分区表的错误；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12">-q：列出映射的系统核心文件；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13">-r<span class="token operator"><</span>根目录<span class="token operator">></span>：设置系统启动时欲挂入成为根目录的目录；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14">-R<span class="token operator"><</span>执行指令<span class="token operator">></span>：设置下次启动系统时，首先执行的指令；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="15">-s<span class="token operator"><</span>备份文件<span class="token operator">></span>：指定备份文件；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="16">-S<span class="token operator"><</span>备份文件<span class="token operator">></span>：强制指定备份文件；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="17">-t：不执行指令，仅列出实际执行会进行的动作；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="18">-u<span class="token operator"><</span>外围色设备代号<span class="token operator">></span>：删除lilo；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="19">-U<span class="token operator"><</span>外围设备代号<span class="token operator">></span>：此选项的效果和指定<span class="token string">"-u"</span>参数类似，当不检查时间戳记；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="20">-v：显示指令执行过程；
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="21">-V：显示版本信息。
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="-b<外围设备代号>：指定安装lilo之处的外围设备代号；
|
||
-c：使用紧致映射模式；
|
||
-C<配置文件>：指定lilo的配置文件；
|
||
-d<延迟时间>：设置开机延迟时间；
|
||
-D<识别标签>：指定开机后预设启动的操作系统，或系统核心识别标签；
|
||
-f<几何参数文件>：指定磁盘的几何参数配置文件；
|
||
-i<开机磁区文件>：指定欲使用的开机磁区文件，预设是/boot目录里的boot.b文件；
|
||
-I<识别标签>：显示系统核心存放之处；
|
||
-l：产生线形磁区地址；
|
||
-m<映射文件>：指定映射文件；
|
||
-P<fix/ignore>：决定要修复或忽略分区表的错误；
|
||
-q：列出映射的系统核心文件；
|
||
-r<根目录>：设置系统启动时欲挂入成为根目录的目录；
|
||
-R<执行指令>：设置下次启动系统时，首先执行的指令；
|
||
-s<备份文件>：指定备份文件；
|
||
-S<备份文件>：强制指定备份文件；
|
||
-t：不执行指令，仅列出实际执行会进行的动作；
|
||
-u<外围色设备代号>：删除lilo；
|
||
-U<外围设备代号>：此选项的效果和指定"-u"参数类似，当不检查时间戳记；
|
||
-v：显示指令执行过程；
|
||
-V：显示版本信息。
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="实例"><a class="anchor" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1" href="#实例"><span class="octicon octicon-link"></span></a>实例</h3>
|
||
<p><strong>使用 LILO 作为引导加载程序</strong></p>
|
||
<p>要使用 LILO 作为引导加载程序，需要做的事情取决于是要进行全新安装还是要让已经安装的 Linux 改为使用 LILO。如果是要进行全新安装，那么直接跳转到 配置 LILO 那一节。如果已经安装了某个 Linux 发行版，那么通常可以选择安装并配置 LILO（并可以将机器引导到新的 Linux 安装）。</p>
|
||
<p>要将现有的 Linux 迁移到 LILO，首先必须获得最新版本的 LILO（见 参考资料）。在做任何其他事情之前，建议您确保在手边拥有一张 Linux 引导盘 —— 如果偶而弄错了某些地方，它可以提供很大的帮助，能够恢复到初始的 Linux 配置！将 LILO 安装到系统中之后，让它接管 MBR 非常简单。以 root 用户身份输入：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">/sbin/lilo <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span>
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="/sbin/lilo -v -v
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<p>这将使用当前的 LILO 默认值，抹去 MBR 中当前所有内容。不过，请阅读 配置 LILO，以确保能够按预期引导起来。也要注意，如果想要在同一机器上运行 Windows 和 Linux，那么应该先安装 Windows OS，然后再安装 Linux OS，这样，在 Linux 安装中所选择的引导加载程序就不会被 Windows 引导加载程序所覆盖。与 Linux 引导加载程序不同，多数 Window 引导加载程序不支持引导 Linux。如果已经先安装了 Linux，那么只需要自己创建一张 Linux 引导盘，这样就可以在安装完 Windows 之后，回到 Linux 安装中并重写 MBR。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>配置 LILO</strong></p>
|
||
<p>LILO 的配置都是通过位于 /etc/lilo.conf 的一个配置文件来完成的。清单 1 给出了一个示例配置，使用的是我的家用机器，支持 Linux 和 Windows 机器的双重引导。了解我的工作站的基本配置，就可以想像出这些配置是如何与实际机器相关联的：</p>
|
||
<p>主 HDD（物理磁盘 1）上安装了 Windows XP（最初机器上只有它）。在 Linux 术语中，这个 HDD 是 /dev/hda（在 grub 术语中是 hd0,0）。</p>
|
||
<p>从 HDD（物理磁盘 2）上安装了 Red Hat Linux；root 分区位于这个硬盘驱动器的第三个分区，即 /dev/hdb3（在 GRUB 术语中是 hd1,3）。</p>
|
||
<p>lilo.conf 示例文件：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1"><span class="token assign-left variable">boot</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/dev/hda
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="2"><span class="token assign-left variable">map</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/boot/map
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="3"><span class="token assign-left variable">install</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/boot/boot.b
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="4">prompt
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="5"><span class="token assign-left variable">timeout</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">100</span>
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="6">compact
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="7"><span class="token assign-left variable">default</span><span class="token operator">=</span>Linux
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="8"><span class="token assign-left variable">image</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="9"> <span class="token assign-left variable">label</span><span class="token operator">=</span>Linux
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="10"> <span class="token assign-left variable">root</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/dev/hdb3
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="11"> read-only
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="12"> <span class="token assign-left variable">password</span><span class="token operator">=</span>linux
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="13"><span class="token assign-left variable">other</span><span class="token operator">=</span>/dev/hda
|
||
</span><span class="code-line line-number" line="14"> <span class="token assign-left variable">label</span><span class="token operator">=</span>WindowsXP
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="boot=/dev/hda
|
||
map=/boot/map
|
||
install=/boot/boot.b
|
||
prompt
|
||
timeout=100
|
||
compact
|
||
default=Linux
|
||
image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14
|
||
label=Linux
|
||
root=/dev/hdb3
|
||
read-only
|
||
password=linux
|
||
other=/dev/hda
|
||
label=WindowsXP
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<p>配置文件选项说明：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>boot= 行告诉 LILO 在哪里安装引导加载程序。在上面的示例中，将把它安装到第一块硬盘的 MBR。也可以选择将 LILO 安装到 /dev/hdb3（示例中的 Linux 分区），这样需要向 /dev/hda 安装另一个引导加载程序，并令其指向 LILO 引导加载程序；然后只需要让 LILO 作为二级引导加载程序。通常，引导加载程序应该位于 /dev/hda。还可以将这个参数指向软盘驱动器（最常见的是 /dev/fd0），来制做 LILO 软盘引导磁盘。</li>
|
||
<li>map= 指向引导期间 LILO 内部使用的映射文件。当使用 /sbin/lilo 命令安装 LILO 时， 它会自动生成这个文件，其中包含有描述符表（还有其他内容）。建议不要改动这个文件！</li>
|
||
<li>install= 是 LILO 在引导过程中内部使用的文件之一。它同时包含有引导加载程序的主要部分和二级部分。boot.b 文件的 一个片段被写入到 MBR（引导加载程序的主要部分），它会指向那个映射，接下来指向二级引导加载程序。同样，不要改动它！</li>
|
||
<li>prompt= 告诉 LILO 使用用户界面（本例中给出了两个选择 —— Linux 和 WindowsXP）。除了使用 prompt/user 界面以外，在适当情况下还可以为 Linux 内核等指定具体的参数。如果不在配置文件中指定此选项，那么 LILO 将引导到 默认的 OS，不发生任何用户交互，也不会等待。（但是请注意，如果在引导时按下了 SHIFT，那么还是可以得到提示，当不想把 引导加载程序暴露给普通用户时，这非常有用）。</li>
|
||
<li>timeout= 是引导提示在自动引导默认 OS（本例中是 Linux）之前的等待时间（以十分之一秒为单位）。 如果在 lilo.conf 没有指定 prompt，那么这个参数就会被忽略。</li>
|
||
<li>compact 选项可以大大加速引导过程，它会将连续的读磁盘的请求合并为一个单独的请求。不过，这可能是 一件祸福参半的事情，因为我在论坛上看到过很多贴子提到了关于此选项的问题。当希望从软盘引导时，这个选项尤其有用。</li>
|
||
<li>default= 选项告诉 LILO 默认使用哪个映像进行引导，比如在等待超时之后。这与 lilo.conf 文件中的某个映像的 标签相关联。如果没有在配置文件中指定此选项，那么它将引导文件中指定的第一个映像。</li>
|
||
<li>对于允许用户引导到的每一个 Linux 版本，都应该指定 image= 及以下三个选项。image 选项指定希望 引导到的内核版本。</li>
|
||
<li>label= 标明了在运行期间希望能够从用户界面引导的不同 OS。另外，这个标签用于指定引导的默认 OS。 （注意：标签名称中避免出现空格；否则，引导那个文件时会出现无法预期的错误。）</li>
|
||
<li>root= 告诉 LILO OS 文件系统实际所在的位置。在我们的示例中为 /dev/hdb3，即第二块硬盘上的第三个分区。</li>
|
||
<li>read-only 告诉 LILO 以只读的方式初始引导到文件系统。OS 一旦完全引导起来，就会以读写方式挂载。</li>
|
||
<li>password= 允许您为将要引导到的特定 OS 设置口令。不幸的是，这个口令是以可读文本的方式保存在 lilo.conf 文件中，所以，所有人都能够读取它。如果需要，还可以对想要引导自的每个操作系统设置口令（在我们的示例中，只为 Linux 的引导 设置了一个口令）。</li>
|
||
<li>other= 的动作类似于 image 和 root 选项的组合，但是用于除了 Linux 以外的其他操作系统。 在我们的示例中，它告诉 LILO 到哪里去找到 Windows OS（位于第一块硬盘的第一个分区）。如果先安装 Windows，后安装 Linux，通常会是这样。</li>
|
||
<li>label= 与所有其他 label 选项相同。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p>在 lilo.conf 文件中可以使用很多其他参数，不过清单 1 中的参数就足以让机器可用了。要获得关于 lilo.conf 的这些以及其他参数的 进一步资料，请参考手册页（man lilo.conf）。由于在引导时不会读取 lilo.conf，所以，当这个文件有改动时，需要“更新”MBR。 如果不完成此步骤就重新引导，那么对 lilo.conf 的修改不会在启动中反映出来。与先前将 LILO 写入 MBR 类似，需要运行：</p>
|
||
<pre class="language-shell"><code class="language-shell code-highlight"><span class="code-line line-number" line="1">/sbin/lilo <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span> <span class="token parameter variable">-v</span>
|
||
</span></code><div onclick="copied(this)" data-code="/sbin/lilo -v -v
|
||
" class="copied"><svg class="octicon-copy" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M0 6.75C0 5.784.784 5 1.75 5h1.5a.75.75 0 010 1.5h-1.5a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-1.5a.75.75 0 011.5 0v1.5A1.75 1.75 0 019.25 16h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 010 14.25v-7.5z"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M5 1.75C5 .784 5.784 0 6.75 0h7.5C15.216 0 16 .784 16 1.75v7.5A1.75 1.75 0 0114.25 11h-7.5A1.75 1.75 0 015 9.25v-7.5zm1.75-.25a.25.25 0 00-.25.25v7.5c0 .138.112.25.25.25h7.5a.25.25 0 00.25-.25v-7.5a.25.25 0 00-.25-.25h-7.5z"></path></svg><svg class="octicon-check" aria-hidden="true" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="currentColor" height="12" width="12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M13.78 4.22a.75.75 0 010 1.06l-7.25 7.25a.75.75 0 01-1.06 0L2.22 9.28a.75.75 0 011.06-1.06L6 10.94l6.72-6.72a.75.75 0 011.06 0z"></path></svg></div></pre>
|
||
<p><code>-v -v</code>标记会为您给出非常详细的输出。当像我们那样运行 LILO 时，有很多参数可以指定。 参阅手册页以获得更进一步的信息（man lilo）。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>初始引导过程</strong></p>
|
||
<p>当 LILO 初始引导时，它会按次序打印出每个字母 —— L-I-L-O。如果所有字母都显示出来，那么第一阶段引导就成功了。缺少任何内容 都表示出现了问题：</p>
|
||
<p>L：第一阶段引导加载程序已经被加载。如果 LILO 停止在这里，那么是在引导第二阶段引导加载程序时出现了问题。这通常会伴随有一个错误代码。 在这个阶段的常见问题是介质问题，或者在 lilo.conf 文件中指定了不正确的磁盘参数。</p>
|
||
<p>LI：第二阶段引导加载程序已经被加载。LILO 在此处停止表示第二阶段引导加载程序不能被执行。同样，这可能是因为出现了与只显示 L 类似的问题： 正在加载，或者因 boot.b 文件被破坏、移动或删除而不能加载。</p>
|
||
<p>LIL：第二阶段引导加载程序正在被执行。此时，可能会再次出现介质问题，或者映射文件（如 lilo.conf 文件中所指定的）在寻找描述符表时 可能会出现问题。</p>
|
||
<p>LIL?：加载到与上面相同的阶段。这通常意味着加载第二阶段引导加载程序使用了错误的地址，最常见的原因是 boot.b 所在的位置与 lilo.conf 文件所指定的不同。</p>
|
||
<p>LIL-：加载到与上面相同的阶段。加载描述符表时出现问题，最常见的原因是描述符表错误。</p>
|
||
<p>LILO：LILO 成功被加载，没有出现任何错误。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>引导时的附加配置</strong></p>
|
||
<p>LILO 被成功加载后，将看到 LILO 提示符。还是使用前面的示例 lilo.conf 文件，此时将有两个选择，可能对 LILO 新手来说并不直观。首先，可以 让 LILO 超时（10 秒后），这将引导<code>/dev/hdb3</code>，即 Linux 分区。另外，可以按下 TAB 键，这将列出将要引导的操作系统选项。在我们的示例 lilo.conf 中， 将得到的选项是 “Linux” 和 “Windows”。输入哪一个，就会引导到哪个 OS。指定加载 Linux 选项，会提示输入一个口令，在本例中是 linux。如果输入的口令有误，则会返回 LILO 提示符。</p>
|
||
<p>不幸的是，LILO 不支持引导期间的交互式配置，所以，只能在 lilo.conf 中或者运行<code>/sbin/lilo</code>时指定选项。</p>
|
||
<p>关于第一次尝试 LILO 的最后一点建议是：我发现使用软盘引导磁盘比使用硬盘实现 LILO 配置更为安全。为此，必须在 lilo.conf 文件中使用<code>boot=/dev/fd0</code>替换<code>boot=/dev/hda</code>。那样，如果弄乱了lilo.conf文件 中的任何配置，都可以取出引导磁盘并像先前一样引导到 Linux。当使用软盘进行引导一切正常以后，可以将lilo.conf修改回<code>boot=/dev/hda</code>，然后最后一次运行<code>/sbin/lilo</code>来上传修改。</p>
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