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C4.72293985,34.0308163 5.09877623,33.3691834 5.53863963,32.8995879 C5.90977341,32.5033678 6.28118253,32.2407652 6.84099715,32.2368755 L6.86053303,32.2368755 L6.86074718,32.2348346 Z" id="path4004"></path> <path d="M58.5014648,40 L58.5014648,6.7578125 L65.4194336,6.7578125 L65.4194336,35.2832031 L80.4008789,35.2832031 L80.4008789,40 L58.5014648,40 L58.5014648,40 L58.5014648,40 Z M86.2524414,40 L86.2524414,15.3378906 L92.9008789,15.3378906 L92.9008789,40 L86.2524414,40 L86.2524414,40 L86.2524414,40 Z M86.2524414,11.1826172 L86.2524414,5.63476562 L92.9008789,5.63476562 L92.9008789,11.1826172 L86.2524414,11.1826172 L86.2524414,11.1826172 L86.2524414,11.1826172 Z M100.211426,40 L100.211426,15.3378906 L106.859863,15.3378906 L106.859863,19.9873047 C109.031098,16.513329 111.8312,14.7763672 115.260254,14.7763672 C117.461437,14.7763672 119.198399,15.4726493 120.471191,16.8652344 C121.743984,18.2578195 122.380371,20.1594932 122.380371,22.5703125 L122.380371,40 L115.731934,40 L115.731934,24.2099609 C115.731934,21.4098167 114.803557,20.0097656 112.946777,20.0097656 C110.835439,20.0097656 108.806488,21.4996596 106.859863,24.4794922 L106.859863,40 L100.211426,40 L100.211426,40 L100.211426,40 Z M145.672363,40 L145.672363,35.3505859 C143.516102,38.8245616 140.716,40.5615234 137.271973,40.5615234 C135.07079,40.5615234 133.333828,39.8652413 132.061035,38.4726562 C130.788242,37.0800712 130.151855,35.1783975 130.151855,32.7675781 L130.151855,15.3378906 L136.800293,15.3378906 L136.800293,31.1279297 C136.800293,33.9280739 137.736156,35.328125 139.60791,35.328125 C141.704275,35.328125 143.725739,33.838231 145.672363,30.8583984 L145.672363,15.3378906 L152.320801,15.3378906 L152.320801,40 L145.672363,40 L145.672363,40 L145.672363,40 Z M158.003418,40 L166.471191,27.6240234 L158.362793,15.3378906 L165.932129,15.3378906 L171.23291,23.1542969 L176.309082,15.3378906 L181.699707,15.3378906 L173.973145,27.4443359 L182.26123,40 L174.691895,40 L169.166504,31.8466797 L163.506348,40 L158.003418,40 L158.003418,40 L158.003418,40 Z" id="Linux"></path> </g> </g> </g> </svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="search">
|
||
<ul class="search-list" id="result">
|
||
<!-- <li><a href="#"><strong>find</strong> - 指定目录下查找文件。</a></li> -->
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<input type="text" class="query" id="query" autocomplete="off" autofocus="autofocus" placeholder="Linux 命令搜索"/>
|
||
<div class="enter-input">
|
||
<input type="hidden" id="current_path" value="/c/ls.html">
|
||
<button id="search_btn">搜索</button>
|
||
</div>
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||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
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||
<div class="markdown-body">
|
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|
||
<span class="edit_btn">
|
||
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master/command/ls.md">纠正错误</a>
|
||
<span class="split"></span>
|
||
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master/command/ls.md">添加实例</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="ls">ls</h1><p>显示目录内容列表</p>
|
||
<h2 id="补充说明">补充说明</h2><p><strong>ls命令</strong> 用来显示目标列表，在Linux中是使用率较高的命令。ls命令的输出信息可以进行彩色加亮显示，以分区不同类型的文件。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="语法">语法</h3><pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">ls</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>选项<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>文件名<span class="token punctuation">..</span>.<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>-1abcdfgiklmnopqrstuxABCDFGLNQRSUX<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>-w cols<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>-T cols<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>-I pattern<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>--full-time<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>--format<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>long,verbose,commas,across,vertical,single-col‐umn<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>--sort<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>none,time,size,extension<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>--time<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>atime,access,use,ctime,status<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>--color<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>none,auto,always<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>--help<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>--version<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>--<span class="token punctuation">]</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="选项">选项</h3><pre><code class="language-shell">-C <span class="token comment"># 多列输出，纵向排序。</span>
|
||
-F <span class="token comment"># 每个目录名加 "/" 后缀，每个 FIFO 名加 "|" 后缀， 每个可运行名加“ * ”后缀。</span>
|
||
-R <span class="token comment"># 递归列出遇到的子目录。</span>
|
||
-a <span class="token comment"># 列出所有文件，包括以 "." 开头的隐含文件。</span>
|
||
-c <span class="token comment"># 使用“状态改变时间”代替“文件修改时间”为依据来排序（使用“-t”选项时）或列出（使用“-l”选项时）。</span>
|
||
-d <span class="token comment"># 将目录名象其它文件一样列出，而不是列出它们的内容。</span>
|
||
-i <span class="token comment"># 输出文件前先输出文件系列号（即 i 节点号: i-node number）。 -l 列出（以单列格式）文件模式（file mode），文件的链 接数，所有者名，组名，文件大小（以字节为单位），时间信息，及文件名。缺省时，时间信息显示最近修改时间；可以以选项“-c”和“-u”选择显示其它两种时间信息。对于设 备文件，原先显示文件大小的区域通常显示的是主要和次要的号（majorand minor device numbers）。</span>
|
||
-q <span class="token comment"># 将文件名中的非打印字符输出为问号。（对于到终端的输出这是缺省的。）</span>
|
||
-r <span class="token comment"># 逆序排列。</span>
|
||
-t <span class="token comment"># 按时间信息排序。</span>
|
||
-u <span class="token comment"># 使用最近访问时间代替最近修改时间为依据来排序（使用“-t”选项时）或列出（使用“-l”选项时）。</span>
|
||
-1 <span class="token comment"># 单列输出。</span>
|
||
-1, --format<span class="token operator">=</span>single-column <span class="token comment"># 一行输出一个文件（单列输出）。如标准输出不是到终端，此选项就是缺省选项。</span>
|
||
-a, --all <span class="token comment"># 列出目录中所有文件，包括以“.”开头的文件。</span>
|
||
-b, --escape <span class="token comment"># 把文件名中不可输出的字符用反斜杠加字符编号(就象在 C 语言里一样)的形式列出。</span>
|
||
-c, --time<span class="token operator">=</span>ctime, --time<span class="token operator">=</span>status
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 按文件状态改变时间（i节点中的ctime）排序并输出目录内</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 容。如采用长格式输出（选项“-l”），使用文件的状态改</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 变时间取代文件修改时间。【译注：所谓文件状态改变（i节</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 点中以ctime标志），既包括文件被修改，又包括文件属性（ 如所有者、组、链接数等等）的变化】</span>
|
||
-d, --directory
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 将目录名象其它文件一样列出，而不是列出它们的内容。</span>
|
||
-f <span class="token comment"># 不排序目录内容；按它们在磁盘上存储的顺序列出。同时启 动“ -a ”选项，如果在“ -f ”之前存在“ -l</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># ”、“ - -color ”或“ -s ”，则禁止它们。</span>
|
||
-g <span class="token comment"># 忽略，为兼容UNIX用。</span>
|
||
-i, --inode
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 在每个文件左边打印 i 节点号（也叫文件序列号和索引号: file serial number and index num‐</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># ber）。i节点号在每个特定的文件系统中是唯一的。</span>
|
||
-k, --kilobytes
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 如列出文件大小，则以千字节KB为单位。</span>
|
||
-l, --format<span class="token operator">=</span>long, --format<span class="token operator">=</span>verbose
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 除每个文件名外，增加显示文件类型、权限、硬链接数、所 有者名、组名、大小（ byte</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># ）、及时间信息（如未指明是 其它时间即指修改时间）。对于6个月以上的文件或超出未来 1</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 小时的文件，时间信息中的时分将被年代取代。</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 每个目录列出前，有一行“总块数”显示目录下全部文件所 占的磁盘空间。块默认是 1024</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 字节；如果设置了 POSIXLY_CORRECT 的环境变量，除非用“ -k ”选项，则默认块大小是 512 字</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 节。每一个硬链接都计入总块数（因此可能重复计数），这无 疑是个缺点。</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 列出的权限类似于以符号表示（文件）模式的规范。但是 ls</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 在每套权限的第三个字符中结合了多位（ multiple bits ） 的信息，如下： s 如果设置了 setuid</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 位或 setgid 位，而且也设置了相应的可执行位。 S 如果设置了 setuid 位或 setgid</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 位，但是没有设置相应的可执行位。 t 如果设置了 sticky 位，而且也设置了相应的可执行位。 T</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 如果设置了 sticky 位，但是没有设置相应的可执行位。 x</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 如果仅仅设置了可执行位而非以上四种情况。 - 其它情况（即可执行位未设置）。</span>
|
||
-m, --format<span class="token operator">=</span>commas
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 水平列出文件，每行尽可能多，相互用逗号和一个空格分隔。</span>
|
||
-n, --numeric-uid-gid
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 列出数字化的 UID 和 GID 而不是用户名和组名。</span>
|
||
-o <span class="token comment"># 以长格式列出目录内容，但是不显示组信息。等于使用“ --format=long --no-group</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># ”选项。提供此选项是为了与其它版本的 ls 兼容。</span>
|
||
-p <span class="token comment"># 在每个文件名后附上一个字符以说明该文件的类型。类似“ -F ”选项但是不 标示可执行文件。</span>
|
||
-q, --hide-control-chars
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 用问号代替文件名中非打印的字符。这是缺省选项。</span>
|
||
-r, --reverse
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 逆序排列目录内容。</span>
|
||
-s, --size
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 在每个文件名左侧输出该文件的大小，以 1024 字节的块为单位。如果设置了 POSIXLY_CORRECT</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 的环境变量，除非用“ -k ”选项，块大小是 512 字节。</span>
|
||
-t, --sort<span class="token operator">=</span>time
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 按文件最近修改时间（ i 节点中的 mtime ）而不是按文件名字典序排序，新文件 靠前。</span>
|
||
-u, --time<span class="token operator">=</span>atime, --time<span class="token operator">=</span>access, --time<span class="token operator">=</span>use
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 类似选项“ -t ”，但是用文件最近访问时间（ i 节点中的 atime ）取代文件修</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 改时间。如果使用长格式列出，打印的时间是最近访问时间。</span>
|
||
-w, --width cols
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 假定屏幕宽度是 cols （ cols 以实际数字取代）列。如未用此选项，缺省值是这</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 样获得的：如可能先尝试取自终端驱动，否则尝试取自环境变量 COLUMNS （如果设</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 置了的话），都不行则取 80 。</span>
|
||
|
||
-x, --format<span class="token operator">=</span>across, --format<span class="token operator">=</span>horizontal
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 多列输出，横向排序。</span>
|
||
|
||
-A, --almost-all
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 显示除 "." 和 ".." 外的所有文件。</span>
|
||
|
||
-B, --ignore-backups
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 不输出以“ ~ ”结尾的备份文件，除非已经在命令行中给出。</span>
|
||
|
||
-C, --format<span class="token operator">=</span>vertical
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 多列输出，纵向排序。当标准输出是终端时这是缺省项。使用命令名 dir 和 d 时， 则总是缺省的。</span>
|
||
|
||
-D, --dired
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 当采用长格式（“-l”选项）输出时，在主要输出后，额外打印一行： //DIRED// BEG1 END1 BEG2</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># END2 ...</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token comment"># BEGn 和 ENDn 是无符号整数，记录每个文件名的起始、结束位置在输出中的位置（</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 字节偏移量）。这使得 Emacs 易于找到文件名，即使文件名包含空格或换行等非正</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 常字符也无需特异的搜索。</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># </span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 如果目录是递归列出的（“ -R ”选项），每个子目录后列出类似一行：</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># //SUBDIRED// BEG1 END1 ... 【译注：我测试了 TurboLinux4.0 和 RedHat6.1 ，发现它们都是在 “</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># //DIRED// BEG1... ”之后列出“ //SUBDIRED// BEG1 ... ”，也即只有一个</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 而不是在每个子目录后都有。而且“ //SUBDIRED// BEG1 ... ”列出的是各个子目 录名的偏移。】</span>
|
||
|
||
-F, --classify, --file-type
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 在每个文件名后附上一个字符以说明该文件的类型。“ * ”表示普通的可执行文件； “ / ”表示目录；“</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># @ ”表示符号链接；“ | ”表示FIFOs；“ = ”表示套接字 (sockets) ；什么也没有则表示普通文件。</span>
|
||
|
||
-G, --no-group
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 以长格式列目录时不显示组信息。</span>
|
||
|
||
-I, --ignorepattern
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 除非在命令行中给定，不要列出匹配shell文件名匹配式（pattern ，不是指一般</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 表达式）的文件。在shell中，文件名以"."起始的不与在文件名匹配式(pattern)</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 开头的通配符匹配。</span>
|
||
|
||
-L, --dereference
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 列出符号链接指向的文件的信息，而不是符号链接本身。</span>
|
||
|
||
-N, --literal
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 不要用引号引起文件名。</span>
|
||
|
||
-Q, --quote-name
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 用双引号引起文件名，非打印字符以 C 语言的方法表示。</span>
|
||
|
||
-R, --recursive
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 递归列出全部目录的内容。</span>
|
||
|
||
-S, --sort<span class="token operator">=</span>size
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 按文件大小而不是字典序排序目录内容，大文件靠前。</span>
|
||
|
||
-T, --tabsize cols
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 假定每个制表符宽度是 cols 。缺省为 8。为求效率， ls 可能在输出中使用制表符。 若 cols 为</span>
|
||
<span class="token number">0</span>，则不使用制表符。
|
||
|
||
-U, --sort<span class="token operator">=</span>none
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 不排序目录内容；按它们在磁盘上存储的顺序列出。（选项“-U”和“-f”的不</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 同是前者不启动或禁止相关的选项。）这在列很大的目录时特别有用，因为不加排序</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 能显著的加快速度。</span>
|
||
|
||
-X, --sort<span class="token operator">=</span>extension
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 按文件扩展名（由最后的 "." 之后的字符组成）的字典序排序。没有扩展名的先列 出。</span>
|
||
|
||
--color<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">=</span>when<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 指定是否使用颜色区别文件类别。环境变量 LS_COLORS 指定使用的颜色。如何设置 这个变量见 dir‐</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># colors(1) 。 when 可以被省略，或是以下几项之一：</span>
|
||
none <span class="token comment"># 不使用颜色，这是缺省项。</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># auto 仅当标准输出是终端时使用。 always 总是使用颜色。指定 --color 而且省略 when 时就等同于</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># --color=always 。</span>
|
||
|
||
--full-time
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 列出完整的时间，而不是使用标准的缩写。格式如同 date(1) 的缺省格式；此格式</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 是不能改变的，但是你可以用 cut(1) 取出其中的日期字串并将结果送至命令 “ date -d ”。</span>
|
||
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 输出的时间包括秒是非常有用的。（ Unix 文件系统储存文件的时间信息精确到秒，</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 因此这个选项已经给出了系统所知的全部信息。）例如，当你有一个 Makefile 文件</span>
|
||
<span class="token comment"># 不能恰当的生成文件时，这个选项会提供帮助。</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="参数">参数</h3><p>目录：指定要显示列表的目录，也可以是具体的文件。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><pre><code class="language-shell">$ <span class="token function">ls</span> <span class="token comment"># 仅列出当前目录可见文件</span>
|
||
$ <span class="token function">ls</span> -l <span class="token comment"># 列出当前目录可见文件详细信息</span>
|
||
$ <span class="token function">ls</span> -hl <span class="token comment"># 列出详细信息并以可读大小显示文件大小</span>
|
||
$ <span class="token function">ls</span> -al <span class="token comment"># 列出所有文件（包括隐藏）的详细信息</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示当前目录下包括影藏文件在内的所有文件列表</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -a</span>
|
||
<span class="token builtin class-name">.</span> anaconda-ks.cfg .bash_logout .bashrc install.log .mysql_history satools .tcshrc .vimrc
|
||
<span class="token punctuation">..</span> .bash_history .bash_profile .cshrc install.log.syslog .rnd .ssh .viminfo</code></pre>
|
||
<p>输出长格式列表</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -1</span>
|
||
|
||
anaconda-ks.cfg
|
||
install.log
|
||
install.log.syslog
|
||
satools</code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示文件的inode信息</p>
|
||
<p>索引节点（index inode简称为“inode”）是Linux中一个特殊的概念，具有相同的索引节点号的两个文本本质上是同一个文件（除文件名不同外）。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -i -l anaconda-ks.cfg install.log</span>
|
||
<span class="token number">2345481</span> -rw------- <span class="token number">1</span> root root <span class="token number">859</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">22</span>:49 anaconda-ks.cfg
|
||
<span class="token number">2345474</span> -rw-r--r-- <span class="token number">1</span> root root <span class="token number">13837</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">22</span>:49 install.log</code></pre>
|
||
<p>水平输出文件列表</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost /<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -m</span>
|
||
|
||
bin, boot, data, dev, etc, home, lib, lost+found, media, misc, mnt, opt, proc, root, sbin, selinux, srv, sys, tmp, usr, var</code></pre>
|
||
<p>修改最后一次编辑的文件</p>
|
||
<p>最近修改的文件显示在最上面。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost /<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -t</span>
|
||
|
||
tmp root etc dev lib boot sys proc data home bin sbin usr var lost+found media mnt opt selinux srv misc</code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示递归文件</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost ~<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -R</span>
|
||
.:
|
||
anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog satools
|
||
|
||
./satools:
|
||
black.txt freemem.sh iptables.sh lnmp.sh mysql php502_check.sh ssh_safe.sh</code></pre>
|
||
<p>打印文件的UID和GID</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost /<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -n</span>
|
||
|
||
total <span class="token number">254</span>
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> 04:03 bin
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">1024</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">14</span>:45 boot
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">6</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token number">10</span>:26 data
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">10</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">3520</span> Sep <span class="token number">26</span> <span class="token number">15</span>:38 dev
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">75</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 etc
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token number">10</span>:26 home
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">14</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">12288</span> Jun <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 lib
|
||
drwx------ <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">16384</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">22</span>:46 lost+found
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> media
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> Nov <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token number">2010</span> misc
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> mnt
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> opt
|
||
dr-xr-xr-x <span class="token number">232</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:04 proc
|
||
drwxr-x--- <span class="token number">4</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> Oct <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">14</span>:43 root
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">12288</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> 04:03 sbin
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> selinux
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> srv
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:04 sys
|
||
drwxrwxrwt <span class="token number">3</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">98304</span> Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 08:45 tmp
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">13</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">23</span>:38 usr
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">19</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">23</span>:38 var</code></pre>
|
||
<p>列出文件和文件夹的详细信息</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost /<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -l</span>
|
||
|
||
total <span class="token number">254</span>
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> 04:03 bin
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">1024</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">14</span>:45 boot
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">6</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token number">10</span>:26 data
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">10</span> root root <span class="token number">3520</span> Sep <span class="token number">26</span> <span class="token number">15</span>:38 dev
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">75</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 etc
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token number">10</span>:26 home
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">14</span> root root <span class="token number">12288</span> Jun <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 lib
|
||
drwx------ <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">16384</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">22</span>:46 lost+found
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> media
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Nov <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token number">2010</span> misc
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> mnt
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> opt
|
||
dr-xr-xr-x <span class="token number">232</span> root root <span class="token number">0</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:04 proc
|
||
drwxr-x--- <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Oct <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">14</span>:43 root
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">12288</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> 04:03 sbin
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> selinux
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> srv
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">11</span> root root <span class="token number">0</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:04 sys
|
||
drwxrwxrwt <span class="token number">3</span> root root <span class="token number">98304</span> Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 08:48 tmp
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">13</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">23</span>:38 usr
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">19</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">23</span>:38 var</code></pre>
|
||
<p>列出可读文件和文件夹详细信息</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost /<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -lh</span>
|
||
|
||
total 254K
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K Jun <span class="token number">12</span> 04:03 bin
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">1</span>.0K Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">14</span>:45 boot
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">6</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K Jun <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token number">10</span>:26 data
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">10</span> root root <span class="token number">3</span>.5K Sep <span class="token number">26</span> <span class="token number">15</span>:38 dev
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">75</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 etc
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K Jun <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token number">10</span>:26 home
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">14</span> root root 12K Jun <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 lib
|
||
drwx------ <span class="token number">2</span> root root 16K Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">22</span>:46 lost+found
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> media
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K Nov <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token number">2010</span> misc
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> mnt
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> opt
|
||
dr-xr-xr-x <span class="token number">235</span> root root <span class="token number">0</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:04 proc
|
||
drwxr-x--- <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K Oct <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">14</span>:43 root
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root 12K Jun <span class="token number">12</span> 04:03 sbin
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> selinux
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> srv
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">11</span> root root <span class="token number">0</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:04 sys
|
||
drwxrwxrwt <span class="token number">3</span> root root 96K Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 08:49 tmp
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">13</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">23</span>:38 usr
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">19</span> root root <span class="token number">4</span>.0K Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">23</span>:38 var</code></pre>
|
||
<p>显示文件夹信息</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost /<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -ld /etc/</span>
|
||
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">75</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 /etc/</code></pre>
|
||
<p>按时间列出文件和文件夹详细信息</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost /<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -lt</span>
|
||
|
||
total <span class="token number">254</span>
|
||
drwxrwxrwt <span class="token number">3</span> root root <span class="token number">98304</span> Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 08:53 tmp
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">75</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 etc
|
||
drwxr-x--- <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Oct <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">14</span>:43 root
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">10</span> root root <span class="token number">3520</span> Sep <span class="token number">26</span> <span class="token number">15</span>:38 dev
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">14</span> root root <span class="token number">12288</span> Jun <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 lib
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">1024</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">14</span>:45 boot
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">11</span> root root <span class="token number">0</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:04 sys
|
||
dr-xr-xr-x <span class="token number">232</span> root root <span class="token number">0</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:04 proc
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">6</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token number">10</span>:26 data
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token number">10</span>:26 home
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> 04:03 bin
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">12288</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> 04:03 sbin
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">13</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">23</span>:38 usr
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">19</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">23</span>:38 var
|
||
drwx------ <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">16384</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">22</span>:46 lost+found
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> media
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> mnt
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> opt
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> selinux
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> srv
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Nov <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token number">2010</span> misc</code></pre>
|
||
<p>按修改时间列出文件和文件夹详细信息</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost /<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -ltr</span>
|
||
|
||
total <span class="token number">254</span>
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Nov <span class="token number">8</span> <span class="token number">2010</span> misc
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> srv
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> selinux
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> opt
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> mnt
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> May <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">2011</span> media
|
||
drwx------ <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">16384</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">22</span>:46 lost+found
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">19</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">23</span>:38 var
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">13</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">11</span> <span class="token number">23</span>:38 usr
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">12288</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> 04:03 sbin
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">2</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> 04:03 bin
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token number">10</span>:26 home
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">6</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Jun <span class="token number">12</span> <span class="token number">10</span>:26 data
|
||
dr-xr-xr-x <span class="token number">232</span> root root <span class="token number">0</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:04 proc
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">11</span> root root <span class="token number">0</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">11</span>:04 sys
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">1024</span> Jun <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">14</span>:45 boot
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">14</span> root root <span class="token number">12288</span> Jun <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 lib
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">10</span> root root <span class="token number">3520</span> Sep <span class="token number">26</span> <span class="token number">15</span>:38 dev
|
||
drwxr-x--- <span class="token number">4</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Oct <span class="token number">15</span> <span class="token number">14</span>:43 root
|
||
drwxr-xr-x <span class="token number">75</span> root root <span class="token number">4096</span> Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 04:02 etc
|
||
drwxrwxrwt <span class="token number">3</span> root root <span class="token number">98304</span> Oct <span class="token number">16</span> 08:54 tmp</code></pre>
|
||
<p>按照特殊字符对文件进行分类</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost nginx-1.2.1<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls -F</span>
|
||
|
||
auto/ CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf/ configure* contrib/ html/ LICENSE Makefile man/ objs/ README src/</code></pre>
|
||
<p>列出文件并标记颜色分类</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost nginx-1.2.1<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token comment"># ls --color=auto</span>
|
||
|
||
auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE Makefile <span class="token function">man</span> objs README src</code></pre>
|
||
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