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C4.72293985,34.0308163 5.09877623,33.3691834 5.53863963,32.8995879 C5.90977341,32.5033678 6.28118253,32.2407652 6.84099715,32.2368755 L6.86053303,32.2368755 L6.86074718,32.2348346 Z" id="path4004"></path> <path d="M58.5014648,40 L58.5014648,6.7578125 L65.4194336,6.7578125 L65.4194336,35.2832031 L80.4008789,35.2832031 L80.4008789,40 L58.5014648,40 L58.5014648,40 L58.5014648,40 Z M86.2524414,40 L86.2524414,15.3378906 L92.9008789,15.3378906 L92.9008789,40 L86.2524414,40 L86.2524414,40 L86.2524414,40 Z M86.2524414,11.1826172 L86.2524414,5.63476562 L92.9008789,5.63476562 L92.9008789,11.1826172 L86.2524414,11.1826172 L86.2524414,11.1826172 L86.2524414,11.1826172 Z M100.211426,40 L100.211426,15.3378906 L106.859863,15.3378906 L106.859863,19.9873047 C109.031098,16.513329 111.8312,14.7763672 115.260254,14.7763672 C117.461437,14.7763672 119.198399,15.4726493 120.471191,16.8652344 C121.743984,18.2578195 122.380371,20.1594932 122.380371,22.5703125 L122.380371,40 L115.731934,40 L115.731934,24.2099609 C115.731934,21.4098167 114.803557,20.0097656 112.946777,20.0097656 C110.835439,20.0097656 108.806488,21.4996596 106.859863,24.4794922 L106.859863,40 L100.211426,40 L100.211426,40 L100.211426,40 Z M145.672363,40 L145.672363,35.3505859 C143.516102,38.8245616 140.716,40.5615234 137.271973,40.5615234 C135.07079,40.5615234 133.333828,39.8652413 132.061035,38.4726562 C130.788242,37.0800712 130.151855,35.1783975 130.151855,32.7675781 L130.151855,15.3378906 L136.800293,15.3378906 L136.800293,31.1279297 C136.800293,33.9280739 137.736156,35.328125 139.60791,35.328125 C141.704275,35.328125 143.725739,33.838231 145.672363,30.8583984 L145.672363,15.3378906 L152.320801,15.3378906 L152.320801,40 L145.672363,40 L145.672363,40 L145.672363,40 Z M158.003418,40 L166.471191,27.6240234 L158.362793,15.3378906 L165.932129,15.3378906 L171.23291,23.1542969 L176.309082,15.3378906 L181.699707,15.3378906 L173.973145,27.4443359 L182.26123,40 L174.691895,40 L169.166504,31.8466797 L163.506348,40 L158.003418,40 L158.003418,40 L158.003418,40 Z" id="Linux"></path> </g> </g> </g> </svg>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="search">
|
||
<ul class="search-list" id="result">
|
||
<!-- <li><a href="#"><strong>find</strong> - 指定目录下查找文件。</a></li> -->
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<input type="text" class="query" id="query" autocomplete="off" autofocus="autofocus" placeholder="Linux 命令搜索"/>
|
||
<div class="enter-input">
|
||
<input type="hidden" id="current_path" value="/c/wget.html">
|
||
<button id="search_btn">搜索</button>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="markdown-body">
|
||
|
||
<span class="edit_btn">
|
||
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master/command/wget.md">纠正错误</a>
|
||
<span class="split"></span>
|
||
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master/command/wget.md">添加实例</a>
|
||
</span>
|
||
|
||
<h1 id="wget">wget</h1><p>Linux系统下载文件工具</p>
|
||
<h2 id="补充说明">补充说明</h2><p><strong>wget命令</strong> 用来从指定的URL下载文件。wget非常稳定，它在带宽很窄的情况下和不稳定网络中有很强的适应性，如果是由于网络的原因下载失败，wget会不断的尝试，直到整个文件下载完毕。如果是服务器打断下载过程，它会再次联到服务器上从停止的地方继续下载。这对从那些限定了链接时间的服务器上下载大文件非常有用。</p>
|
||
<p>wget支持HTTP，HTTPS和FTP协议，可以使用HTTP代理。所谓的自动下载是指，wget可以在用户退出系统的之后在后台执行。这意味这你可以登录系统，启动一个wget下载任务，然后退出系统，wget将在后台执行直到任务完成，相对于其它大部分浏览器在下载大量数据时需要用户一直的参与，这省去了极大的麻烦。</p>
|
||
<p>用于从网络上下载资源，没有指定目录，下载资源回默认为当前目录。wget虽然功能强大，但是使用起来还是比较简单：</p>
|
||
<ol>
|
||
<li><strong>支持断点下传功能</strong> 这一点，也是网络蚂蚁和FlashGet当年最大的卖点，现在，Wget也可以使用此功能，那些网络不是太好的用户可以放心了；</li>
|
||
<li><strong>同时支持FTP和HTTP下载方式</strong> 尽管现在大部分软件可以使用HTTP方式下载，但是，有些时候，仍然需要使用FTP方式下载软件；</li>
|
||
<li><strong>支持代理服务器</strong> 对安全强度很高的系统而言，一般不会将自己的系统直接暴露在互联网上，所以，支持代理是下载软件必须有的功能；</li>
|
||
<li><strong>设置方便简单</strong> 可能，习惯图形界面的用户已经不是太习惯命令行了，但是，命令行在设置上其实有更多的优点，最少，鼠标可以少点很多次，也不要担心是否错点鼠标；</li>
|
||
<li><strong>程序小，完全免费</strong> 程序小可以考虑不计，因为现在的硬盘实在太大了；完全免费就不得不考虑了，即使网络上有很多所谓的免费软件，但是，这些软件的广告却不是我们喜欢的。</li>
|
||
</ol>
|
||
<h3 id="语法">语法</h3><pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>参数<span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span>URL地址<span class="token punctuation">]</span></code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="选项">选项</h3><pre><code class="language-shell">启动参数：
|
||
|
||
-V, –-version 显示wget的版本后退出
|
||
-h, –-help 打印语法帮助
|
||
-b, –-background 启动后转入后台执行
|
||
-e, –-execute<span class="token operator">=</span>COMMAND 执行 <span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>.wgetrc’格式的命令，wgetrc格式参见/etc/wgetrc或~/.wgetrc
|
||
|
||
记录和输入文件参数：
|
||
|
||
-o, –-output-file<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 把记录写到FILE文件中
|
||
-a, –-append-output<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 把记录追加到FILE文件中
|
||
-d, –-debug 打印调试输出
|
||
-q, –-quiet 安静模式<span class="token punctuation">(</span>没有输出<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
-v, –-verbose 冗长模式<span class="token punctuation">(</span>这是缺省设置<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
-nv, –-non-verbose 关掉冗长模式，但不是安静模式
|
||
-i, –-input-file<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 下载在FILE文件中出现的URLs
|
||
-F, –-force-html 把输入文件当作HTML格式文件对待
|
||
-B, –-base<span class="token operator">=</span>URL 将URL作为在-F -i参数指定的文件中出现的相对链接的前缀
|
||
–-sslcertfile<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 可选客户端证书
|
||
–-sslcertkey<span class="token operator">=</span>KEYFILE 可选客户端证书的KEYFILE
|
||
–-egd-file<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 指定EGD socket的文件名
|
||
|
||
下载参数：
|
||
|
||
–-bind-address<span class="token operator">=</span>ADDRESS 指定本地使用地址<span class="token punctuation">(</span>主机名或IP，当本地有多个IP或名字时使用<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
-t, –-tries<span class="token operator">=</span>NUMBER 设定最大尝试链接次数<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span> 表示无限制<span class="token punctuation">)</span>.
|
||
-O –-output-document<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 把文档写到FILE文件中
|
||
-nc, –-no-clobber 不要覆盖存在的文件或使用.<span class="token comment">#前缀</span>
|
||
-c, –-continue 接着下载没下载完的文件
|
||
–progress<span class="token operator">=</span>TYPE 设定进程条标记
|
||
-N, –-timestamping 不要重新下载文件除非比本地文件新
|
||
-S, –-server-response 打印服务器的回应
|
||
–-spider 不下载任何东西
|
||
-T, –-timeout<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">SECONDS</span> 设定响应超时的秒数
|
||
-w, –-wait<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">SECONDS</span> 两次尝试之间间隔<span class="token environment constant">SECONDS</span>秒
|
||
–waitretry<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">SECONDS</span> 在重新链接之间等待1…<span class="token environment constant">SECONDS</span>秒
|
||
–random-wait 在下载之间等待0…2*WAIT秒
|
||
-Y, –-proxy<span class="token operator">=</span>on/off 打开或关闭代理
|
||
-Q, –-quota<span class="token operator">=</span>NUMBER 设置下载的容量限制
|
||
–limit-rate<span class="token operator">=</span>RATE 限定下载输率
|
||
|
||
目录参数：
|
||
|
||
-nd –-no-directories 不创建目录
|
||
-x, –-force-directories 强制创建目录
|
||
-nH, –-no-host-directories 不创建主机目录
|
||
-P, –-directory-prefix<span class="token operator">=</span>PREFIX 将文件保存到目录 PREFIX/…
|
||
–cut-dirs<span class="token operator">=</span>NUMBER 忽略 NUMBER层远程目录
|
||
|
||
HTTP 选项参数：
|
||
|
||
-–http-user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">USER</span> 设定HTTP用户名为 <span class="token environment constant">USER</span><span class="token builtin class-name">.</span>
|
||
-–http-passwd<span class="token operator">=</span>PASS 设定http密码为 PASS
|
||
-C, –-cache<span class="token operator">=</span>on/off 允许/不允许服务器端的数据缓存 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>一般情况下允许<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
-E, –-html-extension 将所有text/html文档以.html扩展名保存
|
||
-–ignore-length 忽略 <span class="token variable">`</span></span>Content-Length’头域
|
||
-–header<span class="token operator">=</span>STRING 在headers中插入字符串 STRING
|
||
-–proxy-user<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token environment constant">USER</span> 设定代理的用户名为 <span class="token environment constant">USER</span>
|
||
-–proxy-passwd<span class="token operator">=</span>PASS 设定代理的密码为 PASS
|
||
-–referer<span class="token operator">=</span>URL 在HTTP请求中包含 <span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>Referer: URL’头
|
||
-s, –-save-headers 保存HTTP头到文件
|
||
-U, –-user-agent<span class="token operator">=</span>AGENT 设定代理的名称为 AGENT而不是 Wget/VERSION
|
||
-–no-http-keep-alive 关闭 HTTP活动链接 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>永远链接<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
–-cookies<span class="token operator">=</span>off 不使用 cookies
|
||
–-load-cookies<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 在开始会话前从文件 FILE中加载cookie
|
||
-–save-cookies<span class="token operator">=</span>FILE 在会话结束后将 cookies保存到 FILE文件中
|
||
|
||
FTP 选项参数：
|
||
|
||
-nr, -–dont-remove-listing 不移走 <span class="token variable">`</span></span>.listing’文件
|
||
-g, -–glob<span class="token operator">=</span>on/off 打开或关闭文件名的 globbing机制
|
||
-–passive-ftp 使用被动传输模式 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>缺省值<span class="token punctuation">)</span>.
|
||
-–active-ftp 使用主动传输模式
|
||
-–retr-symlinks 在递归的时候，将链接指向文件<span class="token punctuation">(</span>而不是目录<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
|
||
递归下载参数：
|
||
|
||
-r, -–recursive 递归下载－－慎用<span class="token operator">!</span>
|
||
-l, -–level<span class="token operator">=</span>NUMBER 最大递归深度 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>inf 或 <span class="token number">0</span> 代表无穷<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
|
||
–-delete-after 在现在完毕后局部删除文件
|
||
-k, –-convert-links 转换非相对链接为相对链接
|
||
-K, –-backup-converted 在转换文件X之前，将之备份为 X.orig
|
||
-m, –-mirror 等价于 -r -N -l inf -nr
|
||
-p, –-page-requisites 下载显示HTML文件的所有图片
|
||
|
||
递归下载中的包含和不包含<span class="token punctuation">(</span>accept/reject<span class="token punctuation">)</span>：
|
||
|
||
-A, –-accept<span class="token operator">=</span>LIST 分号分隔的被接受扩展名的列表
|
||
-R, –-reject<span class="token operator">=</span>LIST 分号分隔的不被接受的扩展名的列表
|
||
-D, –-domains<span class="token operator">=</span>LIST 分号分隔的被接受域的列表
|
||
–-exclude-domains<span class="token operator">=</span>LIST 分号分隔的不被接受的域的列表
|
||
–-follow-ftp 跟踪HTML文档中的FTP链接
|
||
–-follow-tags<span class="token operator">=</span>LIST 分号分隔的被跟踪的HTML标签的列表
|
||
-G, –-ignore-tags<span class="token operator">=</span>LIST 分号分隔的被忽略的HTML标签的列表
|
||
-H, –-span-hosts 当递归时转到外部主机
|
||
-L, –-relative 仅仅跟踪相对链接
|
||
-I, –-include-directories<span class="token operator">=</span>LIST 允许目录的列表
|
||
-X, –-exclude-directories<span class="token operator">=</span>LIST 不被包含目录的列表
|
||
-np, –-no-parent 不要追溯到父目录
|
||
<span class="token function">wget</span> -S –-spider url 不下载只显示过程</code></pre>
|
||
<h3 id="参数">参数</h3><p>URL：下载指定的URL地址。</p>
|
||
<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><p><strong>使用wget下载单个文件</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> http://www.jsdig.com/testfile.zip</code></pre>
|
||
<p>以下的例子是从网络下载一个文件并保存在当前目录，在下载的过程中会显示进度条，包含（下载完成百分比，已经下载的字节，当前下载速度，剩余下载时间）。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>下载并以不同的文件名保存</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> -O wordpress.zip http://www.jsdig.com/download.aspx?id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1080</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>wget默认会以最后一个符合<code>/</code>的后面的字符来命令，对于动态链接的下载通常文件名会不正确。</p>
|
||
<p>错误：下面的例子会下载一个文件并以名称<code>download.aspx?id=1080</code>保存:</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> http://www.jsdig.com/download?id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>即使下载的文件是zip格式，它仍然以<code>download.php?id=1080</code>命令。</p>
|
||
<p>正确：为了解决这个问题，我们可以使用参数<code>-O</code>来指定一个文件名：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> -O wordpress.zip http://www.jsdig.com/download.aspx?id<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">1080</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>wget限速下载</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> --limit-rate<span class="token operator">=</span>300k http://www.jsdig.com/testfile.zip</code></pre>
|
||
<p>当你执行wget的时候，它默认会占用全部可能的宽带下载。但是当你准备下载一个大文件，而你还需要下载其它文件时就有必要限速了。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>使用wget断点续传</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> -c http://www.jsdig.com/testfile.zip</code></pre>
|
||
<p>使用<code>wget -c</code>重新启动下载中断的文件，对于我们下载大文件时突然由于网络等原因中断非常有帮助，我们可以继续接着下载而不是重新下载一个文件。需要继续中断的下载时可以使用<code>-c</code>参数。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>使用wget后台下载</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> -b http://www.jsdig.com/testfile.zip
|
||
|
||
Continuing <span class="token keyword">in</span> background, pid <span class="token number">1840</span>.
|
||
Output will be written to `wget-log'.</code></pre>
|
||
<p>对于下载非常大的文件的时候，我们可以使用参数<code>-b</code>进行后台下载，你可以使用以下命令来察看下载进度：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">tail</span> -f wget-log</code></pre>
|
||
<p><strong>伪装代理名称下载</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> --user-agent<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.204 Safari/534.16"</span> http://www.jsdig.com/testfile.zip</code></pre>
|
||
<p>有些网站能通过根据判断代理名称不是浏览器而拒绝你的下载请求。不过你可以通过<code>--user-agent</code>参数伪装。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>测试下载链接</strong> </p>
|
||
<p>当你打算进行定时下载，你应该在预定时间测试下载链接是否有效。我们可以增加<code>--spider</code>参数进行检查。</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> --spider URL</code></pre>
|
||
<p>如果下载链接正确，将会显示:</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell">Spider mode enabled. Check <span class="token keyword">if</span> remote <span class="token function">file</span> exists.
|
||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response<span class="token punctuation">..</span>. <span class="token number">200</span> OK
|
||
Length: unspecified <span class="token punctuation">[</span>text/html<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
|
||
Remote <span class="token function">file</span> exists and could contain further links,
|
||
but recursion is disabled -- not retrieving.</code></pre>
|
||
<p>这保证了下载能在预定的时间进行，但当你给错了一个链接，将会显示如下错误:</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> --spider url
|
||
Spider mode enabled. Check <span class="token keyword">if</span> remote <span class="token function">file</span> exists.
|
||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response<span class="token punctuation">..</span>. <span class="token number">404</span> Not Found
|
||
Remote <span class="token function">file</span> does not exist -- broken link<span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">!</span><span class="token operator">!</span></code></pre>
|
||
<p>你可以在以下几种情况下使用<code>--spider</code>参数：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>定时下载之前进行检查</li>
|
||
<li>间隔检测网站是否可用</li>
|
||
<li>检查网站页面的死链接</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><strong>增加重试次数</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> --tries<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">40</span> URL</code></pre>
|
||
<p>如果网络有问题或下载一个大文件也有可能失败。wget默认重试20次连接下载文件。如果需要，你可以使用<code>--tries</code>增加重试次数。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>下载多个文件</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> -i filelist.txt</code></pre>
|
||
<p>首先，保存一份下载链接文件：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">cat</span> <span class="token operator">></span> filelist.txt
|
||
url1
|
||
url2
|
||
url3
|
||
url4</code></pre>
|
||
<p>接着使用这个文件和参数<code>-i</code>下载。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>镜像网站</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> --mirror -p --convert-links -P ./LOCAL URL</code></pre>
|
||
<p>下载整个网站到本地。</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><code>--miror</code>开户镜像下载。</li>
|
||
<li><code>-p</code>下载所有为了html页面显示正常的文件。</li>
|
||
<li><code>--convert-links</code>下载后，转换成本地的链接。</li>
|
||
<li><code>-P ./LOCAL</code>保存所有文件和目录到本地指定目录。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><strong>过滤指定格式下载</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> --reject<span class="token operator">=</span>gif ur</code></pre>
|
||
<p>下载一个网站，但你不希望下载图片，可以使用这条命令。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>把下载信息存入日志文件</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> -o download.log URL</code></pre>
|
||
<p>不希望下载信息直接显示在终端而是在一个日志文件，可以使用。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>限制总下载文件大小</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> -Q5m -i filelist.txt</code></pre>
|
||
<p>当你想要下载的文件超过5M而退出下载，你可以使用。注意：这个参数对单个文件下载不起作用，只能递归下载时才有效。</p>
|
||
<p><strong>下载指定格式文件</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> -r -A.pdf url</code></pre>
|
||
<p>可以在以下情况使用该功能：</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li>下载一个网站的所有图片。</li>
|
||
<li>下载一个网站的所有视频。</li>
|
||
<li>下载一个网站的所有PDF文件。</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<p><strong>FTP下载</strong> </p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> ftp-url
|
||
<span class="token function">wget</span> --ftp-user<span class="token operator">=</span>USERNAME --ftp-password<span class="token operator">=</span>PASSWORD url</code></pre>
|
||
<p>可以使用wget来完成ftp链接的下载。</p>
|
||
<p>使用wget匿名ftp下载：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> ftp-url</code></pre>
|
||
<p>使用wget用户名和密码认证的ftp下载：</p>
|
||
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token function">wget</span> --ftp-user<span class="token operator">=</span>USERNAME --ftp-password<span class="token operator">=</span>PASSWORD url</code></pre>
|
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