Fixes#2889.
VA now implements two gRPC services: VA and CAA. These both run on the same port, but this allows implementation of the IsCAAValid RPC to skip using the gRPC wrappers, and makes it easier to potentially separate the service into its own package in the future.
RA.NewCertificate now checks the expiration times of authorizations, and will call out to VA to recheck CAA for those authorizations that were not validated recently enough.
va.go is quite a large file. This splits out the CAA-related code and tests into its own file for simplicity. This is a simple move; no code has been changed, and there is no package split.
Jacob Hoffman-Andrews