* Expand 'linkerd edges' to work with TCP connections
Fixes#4999
Before:
```
$ bin/linkerd edges po -owide
SRC DST SRC_NS DST_NS CLIENT_ID SERVER_ID SECURED
linkerd-prometheus-764ddd4f88-t6c2j rabbitmq-controller-5c6cf7cc6d-8lxp2 linkerd default √
linkerd-prometheus-764ddd4f88-t6c2j temp linkerd default √
```
After:
```
$ bin/linkerd edges po -owide
SRC DST SRC_NS DST_NS CLIENT_ID SERVER_ID SECURED
temp rabbitmq-controller-5c6cf7cc6d-5fpsc default default default.default default.default √
linkerd-prometheus-66fb97b7fc-vpnxf rabbitmq-controller-5c6cf7cc6d-5fpsc linkerd default √
linkerd-prometheus-66fb97b7fc-vpnxf temp linkerd default √
```
With the latest proxy upgrade to v2.113.0 (#5037), the `tcp_open_total` metric now contains the `client_id` label so that we can replace the http-only metric `response_total` with this one to determine edges for TCP-only connections.
This change basically performs the same query as before, but two times, one for `response_total` and another for `tcp_open_total`. For each resulting entry, the latter is kept if `client_id` is present, otherwise the former is used (if present at all). That way things keep on working for older proxies.
Disclaimers:
- This doesn't fix#3706: if two sources connect to the same destination there's no way to tell them appart from the metrics perspective and their edges can get mangled. To fix that, the proxy would have to expose `src_resource` labels in the `tcp_open_total` total inbound metric.
- Note connections coming from prometheus are still unidentified. The reason is those hit the proxy's admin server (instead of the main container) which doesn't expose metrics.
* Remove dependency of linkerd-config for most control plane components
This PR removes the dependency of `linkerd-config` into control
plane components by making all that information passed through CLI
flags. As most of these components require a couple of flags, passing
them as flags could be more helpful, as updations to the flags trigger a
rollout unlike a configMap update.
This does not update the proxy-injector as it needs a lot more data
and mounting `linkerd-config` is better.
Fixes#4191#4993
This bumps Kubernetes client-go to the latest v0.19.2 (We had to switch directly to 1.19 because of this issue). Bumping to v0.19.2 required upgrading to smi-sdk-go v0.4.1. This also depends on linkerd/stern#5
This consists of the following changes:
- Fix ./bin/update-codegen.sh by adding the template path to the gen commands, as it is needed after we moved to GOMOD.
- Bump all k8s related dependencies to v0.19.2
- Generate CRD types, client code using the latest k8s.io/code-generator
- Use context.Context as the first argument, in all code paths that touch the k8s client-go interface
Signed-off-by: Tarun Pothulapati <tarunpothulapati@outlook.com>
* Push docker images to ghcr.io instead of gcr.io
The `cloud_integration.yml` and `release.yml` workflows were modified to
log into ghcr.io, and remove the `Configure gcloud` step which is no
longer necessary.
Note that besides the changes to cloud_integration.yml and release.yml, there was a change to the upgrade-stable integration test so that we do linkerd upgrade --addon-overwrite to reset the addons settings because in stable-2.8.1 the Grafana image was pegged to gcr.io/linkerd-io/grafana in linkerd-config-addons. This will need to be mentioned in the 2.9 upgrade notes.
Also the egress integration test has a debug container that now is pegged to the edge-20.9.2 tag.
Besides that, the other changes are just a global search and replace (s/gcr.io\/linkerd-io/ghcr.io\/linkerd/).
This PR removes the service mirror controller from `linkerd mc install` to `linkerd mc link`, as described in https://github.com/linkerd/rfc/pull/31. For fuller context, please see that RFC.
Basic multicluster functionality works here including:
* `linkerd mc install` installs the Link CRD but not any service mirror controllers
* `linkerd mc link` creates a Link resource and installs a service mirror controller which uses that Link
* The service mirror controller creates and manages mirror services, a gateway mirror, and their endpoints.
* The `linkerd mc gateways` command lists all linked target clusters, their liveliness, and probe latences.
* The `linkerd check` multicluster checks have been updated for the new architecture. Several checks have been rendered obsolete by the new architecture and have been removed.
The following are known issues requiring further work:
* the service mirror controller uses the existing `mirror.linkerd.io/gateway-name` and `mirror.linkerd.io/gateway-ns` annotations to select which services to mirror. it does not yet support configuring a label selector.
* an unlink command is needed for removing multicluster links: see https://github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/issues/4707
* an mc uninstall command is needed for uninstalling the multicluster addon: see https://github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/issues/4708
Signed-off-by: Alex Leong <alex@buoyant.io>
* Removes/Relaxes prometheus related checks
Now that prometheus is an add-on, There can be cases where prometheus is
disabled at which the check should show a warning but not fail. This
decouples the tight depedency.
This changes the following checks:
- Removes serviceAccount and pod checks in the CLI.
- Relaxes `linkerd-api` checks to only check for prometheus access when
the URL is not empty. This should work seamlessly with external
prometheus as that URL will be passed and it performs the same
check.
Signed-off-by: Tarun Pothulapati <tarunpothulapati@outlook.com>
Using following command the wrong spelling were found and later on
fixed:
```
codespell --skip CHANGES.md,.git,go.sum,\
controller/cmd/service-mirror/events_formatting.go,\
controller/cmd/service-mirror/cluster_watcher_test_util.go,\
SECURITY_AUDIT.pdf,.gcp.json.enc,web/app/img/favicon.png \
--ignore-words-list=aks,uint,ans,files\' --check-filenames \
--check-hidden
```
Signed-off-by: Suraj Deshmukh <surajd.service@gmail.com>
Regenerated protobuf files, using version 1.4.2 that was upgraded from
1.3.2 with the proxy-api update in #4614.
As of v1.4 protobuf messages are disallowed to be copied (because they
hold a mutex), so whenever a message is passed to or returned from a
function we need to use a pointer.
This affects _mostly_ test files.
This is required to unblock #4620 which is adding a field to the config
protobuf.
There are a few notable things happening in this PR:
- the probe manager has been decoupled from the cluster_watcher. Now its only responsibility is to watch for mirrored gateways beeing created and to probe them. This means that probes are initiated for all gateways no matter whether there are mirrored services being paired
- the number of paired services is derived from the existing services in the cluster rather than being published as a metric by the prober
- there are no events being exchanged between the cluster watcher and the probe manager
Signed-off-by: Zahari Dichev <zaharidichev@gmail.com>
Here we upgrade our dependencies on client-go to 0.17.4 and smi-sdk-go to 0.3.0. Since smi-sdk-go uses client-go 0.17.4, these upgrades must be performed simultaneously.
This also requires simultaneously upgrading our dependency on linkerd/stern to a SHA which also uses client-go 0.17.4. This keeps all of our transitive dependencies synchronized on one version of client-go.
This ALSO requires updating our codegen scripts to use the 0.17.4 version of code-generator and running it to generate 0.17.4 compatible generated code. I took this opportunity to update our code generation script to properly use the version of code-generater from `go.mod` rather than a hardcoded SHA.
Signed-off-by: Alex Leong <alex@buoyant.io>
This PR introduces a service mirroring component that is responsible for watching remote clusters and mirroring their services locally.
Signed-off-by: Zahari Dichev <zaharidichev@gmail.com>
Fixes#3562
When a pod in one namespace sends traffic to a service which is the apex of a traffic split in another namespace, that traffic is not displayed in the `linkerd stat trafficsplit` output. This is because when we do a Prometheus query for traffic to the traffic split, we supply a Prometheus label selector to only select traffic sources in the namespace of the traffic split.
Since any pod in any namespace can send traffic to the apex service of a traffic split, we must look at all possible sources of traffic, not just the ones in the same namespace.
Before:
```
$ bin/linkerd stat ts
NAME APEX LEAF WEIGHT SUCCESS RPS LATENCY_P50 LATENCY_P95 LATENCY_P99
webapp-split webapp webapp 900m - - - - -
webapp-split webapp webapp-2 100m - - - - -
```
After:
```
$ bin/linkerd stat ts
NAME APEX LEAF WEIGHT SUCCESS RPS LATENCY_P50 LATENCY_P95 LATENCY_P99
webapp-split webapp webapp 900m 80.00% 1.4rps 31ms 99ms 2530ms
webapp-split webapp webapp-2 100m 60.00% 0.2rps 35ms 93ms 99ms
```
Signed-off-by: Alex Leong <alex@buoyant.io>
**Subject**
Fixes bug where override of Docker registry was not being applied to debug containers (#3851)
**Problem**
Overrides for Docker registry are not being applied to debug containers and provide no means to correct the image.
**Solution**
This update expands the `data.proxy` configuration section within the Linkerd `ConfigMap` to maintain the overridden image name for debug containers at _install_-time similar to handling of the `proxy` and `proxyInit` images.
This change also enables the further override option of the registry for debug containers at _inject_-time given utilization of the `--registry` CLI option.
**Validation**
Several new unit tests have been created to confirm functionality. In addition, the following workflows were run through:
### Standard Workflow with Custom Registry
This workflow installs Linkerd control plane based upon a custom registry, then injecting the debug sidecar into a service.
* Start with a k8s instance having no Linkerd installation
* Build all images locally using `bin/docker-build`
* Create custom tags (using same version) for generated images, e.g. `docker tag gcr.io/linkerd-io/debug:git-a4ebecb6 javaducky.com/linkerd-io/debug:git-a4ebecb6`
* Install Linkerd with registry override `bin/linkerd install --registry=javaducky.com/linkerd-io | kubectl apply -f -`
* Once Linkerd has been fully initialized, you should be able to confirm that the `linkerd-config` ConfigMap now contains the debug image name, pull policy, and version within the `data.proxy` section
* Request injection of the debug image into an available container. I used the Emojivoto voting service as described in https://linkerd.io/2/tasks/using-the-debug-container/ as `kubectl -n emojivoto get deploy/voting -o yaml | bin/linkerd inject --enable-debug-sidecar - | kubectl apply -f -`
* Once the deployment creates a new pod for the service, inspection should show that the container now includes the "linkerd-debug" container name based on the applicable override image seen previously within the ConfigMap
* Debugging can also be verified by viewing debug container logs as `kubectl -n emojivoto logs deploy/voting linkerd-debug -f`
* Modifying the `config.linkerd.io/enable-debug-sidecar` annotation, setting to “false”, should show that the pod will be recreated no longer running the debug container.
### Overriding the Custom Registry Override at Injection
This builds upon the “Standard Workflow with Custom Registry” by overriding the Docker registry utilized for the debug container at the time of injection.
* “Clean” the Emojivoto voting service by removing any Linkerd annotations from the deployment
* Request injection similar to before, except provide the `--registry` option as in `kubectl -n emojivoto get deploy/voting -o yaml | bin/linkerd inject --enable-debug-sidecar --registry=gcr.io/linkerd-io - | kubectl apply -f -`
* Inspection of the deployment config should now show the override annotation for `config.linkerd.io/debug-image` having the debug container from the new registry. Viewing the running pod should show that the `linkerd-debug` container was injected and running the correct image. Of note, the proxy and proxy-init images are still running the “original” override images.
* As before, modifying the `config.linkerd.io/enable-debug-sidecar` annotation setting to “false”, should show that the pod will be recreated no longer running the debug container.
### Standard Workflow with Default Registry
This workflow is the typical workflow which utilizes the standard Linkerd image registry.
* Uninstall the Linkerd control plane using `bin/linkerd install --ignore-cluster | kubectl delete -f -` as described at https://linkerd.io/2/tasks/uninstall/
* Clean the Emojivoto environment using `curl -sL https://run.linkerd.io/emojivoto.yml | kubectl delete -f -` then reinstall using `curl -sL https://run.linkerd.io/emojivoto.yml | kubectl apply -f -`
* Perform standard Linkerd installation as `bin/linkerd install | kubectl apply -f -`
* Once Linkerd has been fully initialized, you should be able to confirm that the `linkerd-config` ConfigMap references the default debug image of `gcr.io/linkerd-io/debug` within the `data.proxy` section
* Request injection of the debug image into an available container as `kubectl -n emojivoto get deploy/voting -o yaml | bin/linkerd inject --enable-debug-sidecar - | kubectl apply -f -`
* Debugging can also be verified by viewing debug container logs as `kubectl -n emojivoto logs deploy/voting linkerd-debug -f`
* Modifying the `config.linkerd.io/enable-debug-sidecar` annotation, setting to “false”, should show that the pod will be recreated no longer running the debug container.
### Overriding the Default Registry at Injection
This workflow builds upon the “Standard Workflow with Default Registry” by overriding the Docker registry utilized for the debug container at the time of injection.
* “Clean” the Emojivoto voting service by removing any Linkerd annotations from the deployment
* Request injection similar to before, except provide the `--registry` option as in `kubectl -n emojivoto get deploy/voting -o yaml | bin/linkerd inject --enable-debug-sidecar --registry=javaducky.com/linkerd-io - | kubectl apply -f -`
* Inspection of the deployment config should now show the override annotation for `config.linkerd.io/debug-image` having the debug container from the new registry. Viewing the running pod should show that the `linkerd-debug` container was injected and running the correct image. Of note, the proxy and proxy-init images are still running the “original” override images.
* As before, modifying the `config.linkerd.io/enable-debug-sidecar` annotation setting to “false”, should show that the pod will be recreated no longer running the debug container.
Fixes issue #3851
Signed-off-by: Paul Balogh javaducky@gmail.com
* Enable mixed configuration of skip-[inbound|outbound]-ports using port numbers and ranges (#3752)
* included tests for generated output given proxy-ignore configuration options
* renamed "validate" method to "parseAndValidate" given mutation
* updated documentation to denote inclusiveness of ranges
* Updates for expansion of ignored inbound and outbound port ranges to be handled by the proxy-init rather than CLI (#3766)
This change maintains the configured ports and ranges as strings rather than unsigned integers, while still providing validation at the command layer.
* Bump versions for proxy-init to v1.3.0
Signed-off-by: Paul Balogh <javaducky@gmail.com>
This PR adds support for CronJobs and ReplicaSets to `linkerd inject`, the web
dashboard and CLI. It adds a new Grafana dashboard for each kind of resource.
Closes#3614Closes#3630Closes#3584Closes#3585
Signed-off-by: Sergio Castaño Arteaga tegioz@icloud.com
Signed-off-by: Cintia Sanchez Garcia cynthiasg@icloud.com
Followup to #2990, which refactored `linkerd endpoints` to use the
`Destination.Get` API instead of the `Discovery.Endpoints` API, leaving
the Discovery with no implented methods. This PR removes all the Discovery
code leftovers.
Fixes#3499
This reverts commit edd3b1f6d4.
This is a temporary revert of #3461 while we sort out some details of how this should configured and how it should interact with configuring a trace collector on the Linkerd proxy. We will reintroduce this change once the config plan is straightened out.
Signed-off-by: Alex Leong <alex@buoyant.io>
Fixes#3356
1.16 removes some api groups that were already deprecated. From k8s blog
post (https://kubernetes.io/blog/2019/07/18/api-deprecations-in-1-16/):
```
- PodSecurityPolicy: will no longer be served from extensions/v1beta1 in
v1.16.
Migrate to the policy/v1beta1 API, available since v1.10. Existing
persisted data can be retrieved/updated via the policy/v1beta1 API.
- DaemonSet, Deployment, StatefulSet, and ReplicaSet: will no longer be
served from extensions/v1beta1, apps/v1beta1, or apps/v1beta2 in v1.16.
Migrate to the apps/v1 API, available since v1.9. Existing persisted
data can be retrieved/updated via the apps/v1 API.
```
Previous PRs had already made this change at the Helm templates level,
but we still needed to do it at the API calls and tests.
The integration tests ran fine for k8s 1.12 and 1.15. They fail on 1.16
because the upgrade integration test tries to install linkerd 2.5 which is not
compatible with 1.16.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Pedraza <alejandro@buoyant.io>
* Set custom cluster domain in GetServiceProfileFor
* Set custom cluster domain in tap server
Move fetching cluster domain for tap server to cmd main
* Handle fetchting cluster domain errors separately
* Use custom cluster domain for traffic split adaptor
Signed-off-by: Armin Buerkle <armin.buerkle@alfatraining.de>
* Have the proxy-injector emit events upon injection/skipping injection
Fixes#3253
Have the proxy-injector emit an event whenever a injection happens, or
when injection is skipped for some reason (also added that reason into
the proxy-injector logs). The level is associated to the parent workload
(it can't be associated to the pod because at this point the pod hasn't
been persisted).
The event recorder was setup at the `webhook/server.go` level and passed
to the proxy-injector's `Inject` function. The sp-validator thus also
has access to the event recorder, but for now it's not using it.
Related changes:
- Refactored `api.GetOwnerKindAndName()` to have it return a more
generic object.
- Refactored `report.Injectable()` to also have it return the reason why
a workload is not injectable.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Pedraza <alejandro@buoyant.io>
Fixes#3052.
Adds a unit test for the edges API endpoint. To maintain a consistent order for
testing, the returned rows in api/public/edges.go are now sorted.
This PR adds a test for trafficsplits to stat_summary_test.go.
Because the test requires a consistent order for returned rows, trafficsplit
rows in stat_summary.go are now sorted by apex + leaf name before being
returned.
### Summary
After the addition of the tap APIServer, all the logic related to tap in the public API no longer needs to be there. The servers and clients that are created but not used, as well as all the old testing infrastrucure related to tap can be removed.
This deprecates TapByResource and therefore required an update to the protobuf files with `bin/protoc-go.sh`. While the change to deprecate this method was extremely small, a lot of protobuf fils were updated in the process. These changes to the code and protobuf files should probably remain coupled since `TapByResource` is officially deprecated in the public API, but a majority of the additions/deletions are related to those files.
This draft passes `go test` as well as a local run of the integration tests.
Signed-off-by: Kevin Leimkuhler <kleimkuhler@icloud.com>
This PR adds `trafficsplit` as a supported resource for the `linkerd stat` command. Users can type `linkerd stat ts` to see the apex and leaf services of their trafficsplits, as well as metrics for those leaf services.
The Tap Service enabled tapping of any meshed pod, regardless of user
privilege.
This change introduces a new Tap APIService. Kubernetes provides
authentication and authorization of Tap requests, and then forwards
requests to a new Tap APIServer, which implements a Kubernetes
aggregated APIServer. The Tap APIServer authenticates the client TLS
from Kubernetes, and authorizes the user via a SubjectAccessReview.
This change also modifies the `linkerd tap` command to make requests
against the new APIService.
The Tap APIService implements these Kubernetes-style endpoints:
POST /apis/tap.linkerd.io/v1alpha1/watch/namespaces/:ns/tap
POST /apis/tap.linkerd.io/v1alpha1/watch/namespaces/:ns/:res/:name/tap
GET /apis
GET /apis/tap.linkerd.io
GET /apis/tap.linkerd.io/v1alpha1
GET /healthz
GET /healthz/log
GET /healthz/ping
GET /metrics
GET /openapi/v2
GET /version
Users authorize to the new `tap.linkerd.io/v1alpha1` via RBAC. Only the
`watch` verb is supported. Access is also available via subresources
such as `deployments/tap` and `pods/tap`.
This change introduces the following resources into the default Linkerd
install:
- Global
- APIService/v1alpha1.tap.linkerd.io
- ClusterRoleBinding/linkerd-linkerd-tap-auth-delegator
- `linkerd` namespace:
- Secret/linkerd-tap-tls
- `kube-system` namespace:
- RoleBinding/linkerd-linkerd-tap-auth-reader
Tasks not covered by this PR:
- `linkerd top`
- `linkerd dashboard`
- `linkerd profile --tap`
- removal of the unauthenticated tap controller
Fixes#2725, #3162, #3172
Signed-off-by: Andrew Seigner <siggy@buoyant.io>
`linkerd check`, the web dashboard, and Grafana all perform version
checks to validate Linkerd is up to date. It's common for users to
seldom execute these codepaths. This makes it difficult to identify what
versions of Linkerd are currently in use and what environments it is
being run in, which helps prioritize testing and backports.
Introduce a `heartbeat` CronJob to the default Linkerd install. The
cronjob executes every 24 hours, starting from 5 minutes after
`linkerd install` is run.
Example check URL:
https://versioncheck.linkerd.io/version.json?
install-time=1562761177&
k8s-version=v1.15.0&
meshed-pods=8&
rps=3&
source=heartbeat&
uuid=cc4bb700-3314-426a-9f0f-ec588b9df020&
version=git-b97ee9f7
Fixes#2961
Signed-off-by: Andrew Seigner <siggy@buoyant.io>
The openAPIV3Schema validation in the ServiceProfiles CRD is very limited in what it can validate and is obviated by more sophisticated validation done by the validating admission controller. Therefore, we would like to remove the openAPIV3Schema validation to reduce the size and complexity of the CRD object.
To do so, we must also bump the version of the ServiceProfile custom resource from v1alpha1 to v1alpha2. This ensures that when the controller is upgraded, it will attempt to watch the v1alpha2 resource. If it cannot (because, for example, the controller pod started before the ServiceProfile CRD was updated and therefore the v1alpha2 version does not exist) then it will go into a crash loop backoff until it can. This essentially means that the controller will wait for the CRD to be upgraded to include v1alpha2 before it will start.
Bumping the version is necessary because if we did not, it would be possible for the controller to start before the CRD is updated (removing the validation). In this case, when the CRD is edited, the controller will lose its list watch on ServiceProfiles and will stop getting updates.
Signed-off-by: Alex Leong <alex@buoyant.io>
When waiting for controller pods to be created or become ready, `linkerd check` doesn't offer any hints as to whether there has been an error (such as an ImagePullBackoff).
We add pod status to the output to make this more immediately obvious.
Fixes#2877
Signed-off-by: Alex Leong <alex@buoyant.io>
This PR improves the CLI output for `linkerd edges` to reflect the latest API
changes.
Source and destination namespaces for each edge are now shown by default. The
`MSG` column has been replaced with `Secured` and contains a green checkmark or
the reason for no identity. A new `-o wide` flag shows the identity of client
and server if known.
During operations with `linkerd stat` sometimes it's not clear the actual
pod status.
This commit introduces a method, to the `k8s`package, getting the pod status,
based on [`kubectl` logic](33a3e325f7/pkg/printers/internalversion/printers.go (L558-L640))
to expose the `STATUS` column for pods . Also, it changes the stat command
on the` cli` package adding a column when the resource type is a Pod.
Fixes#1967
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Juares Beber <jonathanbeber@gmail.com>
When getting pods for specific kubernetes resources, the usage of just
labels, as a selector, generates wrong outputs. Once, two resources can use
the same label selector and manage distinct pods, a new mechanism to check
pods for a given resource it's needed. More details on #2932.
This commit introduces a verification through the pod owner references
`UID`s, comparing with the given resource's. Additional logic is needed
when handling `Deployments` since it creates a `ReplicaSet` and this last
one is the actual pod's owner. No verification is done in case of
`Services`.
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Juares Beber <jonathanbeber@gmail.com>
* Have `linkerd endpoints` use `Destination.Get`
Fixes#2885
We're refactoring `linkerd endpoints` so it hits
directly the `Destination.Get` endpoint, instead of relying on the
Discovery service.
For that, I've created a new `client.go` for Destination and added it to
the `APIClient` interface.
I've also added a `destinationClient` struct that mimics `tapClient`,
and whose common logic has been moved into `stream_client.go`.
Analogously, I added a `destinationServer` struct that mimics
`tapServer`.
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Pedraza <alejandro@buoyant.io>
This PR fixes a bug in the edges command where if src_resources from two
different namespaces sent requests to the same dst_resource, the original
src_identity was overwritten.
* Simplify port-forwarding code
Simplifies the establishment of a port-forwarding by moving the common
logic into `PortForward.Init()`
Stemmed from this
[comment](https://github.com/linkerd/linkerd2/pull/2937#discussion_r295078800)
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Pedraza <alejandro@buoyant.io>
* Have `GetOwnerKindAndName` be able to skip the cache
Refactored `GetOwnerKindAndName` so it can optionally skip the
shared informer cache and instead hit the k8s API directly.
Useful for the proxy injector, when the pod's replicaset got just
created and might not be in ready in the cache yet.
Fixes#2738
Signed-off-by: Alejandro Pedraza <alejandro@buoyant.io>
Alejandro Pedraza
Tarun Pothulapati
Ali Ariff
Alex Leong
Suraj Deshmukh
Oliver Gould
Zahari Dichev
Mayank Shah
Paul Balogh
Dax McDonald
Sergio C. Arteaga
Bruno M. Custódio
arminbuerkle
Carol A. Scott
Kevin Leimkuhler
Andrew Seigner
Jonathan Juares Beber