#### Description
This PR fixes a small bug in componentattribute, where adding fields to
a Logger with `Logger.With`, then calling
`componentattribute.WithAttributeSet` would silently fail to set
component attributes.
This is fixed by overriding the `Core.With` method on
`consoleCoreWithAttributes`, to make sure that we wrap the modified
inner core in a `consoleCoreWithAttributes` before returning it.
I added an `extraFields` field to `consoleCoreWithAttributes` so we can
ensure Zap Fields are added in the same order (first component
attributes, then custom user fields) when updating the component
attributes.
This bug doesn't affect `otelTeeCoreWithAttributes`, which already does
this.
The `componentattribute` API is currently internal, and none of the
components that use it (the memorylimiter processor and OTLP receiver)
use `Logger.With`, so there is currently no way to trigger this bug,
hence the lack of a changelog.
#### Testing
I added a unit test which checks this specific use case. I confirmed
that it failed before the change and now succeeds.
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