diff --git a/api/all/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/api/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagator.java b/api/all/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/api/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagator.java
index 4bffc0c784..198a0d656f 100644
--- a/api/all/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/api/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagator.java
+++ b/api/all/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/api/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagator.java
@@ -78,14 +78,14 @@ public final class W3CBaggagePropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
       return context;
     }
     if (baggageHeader.isEmpty()) {
-      return context.with(Baggage.empty());
+      return context;
     }
 
     BaggageBuilder baggageBuilder = Baggage.builder();
     try {
       extractEntries(baggageHeader, baggageBuilder);
     } catch (RuntimeException e) {
-      return context.with(Baggage.empty());
+      return context;
     }
     return context.with(baggageBuilder.build());
   }
diff --git a/api/all/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/api/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagatorTest.java b/api/all/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/api/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagatorTest.java
index 81f5b304f5..49aa1bfcfd 100644
--- a/api/all/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/api/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagatorTest.java
+++ b/api/all/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/api/baggage/propagation/W3CBaggagePropagatorTest.java
@@ -136,23 +136,20 @@ class W3CBaggagePropagatorTest {
     assertThat(Baggage.fromContext(result)).isEqualTo(expectedBaggage);
   }
 
-  /**
-   * It would be cool if we could replace this with a fuzzer to generate tons of crud data, to make
-   * sure we don't blow up with it.
-   */
   @Test
   void extract_invalidHeader() {
     W3CBaggagePropagator propagator = W3CBaggagePropagator.getInstance();
 
+    Context input = Context.current();
     Context result =
         propagator.extract(
-            Context.root(),
+            input,
             ImmutableMap.of(
                 "baggage",
                 "key1= v;alsdf;-asdflkjasdf===asdlfkjadsf ,,a sdf9asdf-alue1; metadata-key = "
                     + "value; othermetadata, key2 =value2 , key3 =\tvalue3 ; "),
             getter);
-
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
     assertThat(Baggage.fromContext(result)).isEqualTo(Baggage.empty());
   }
 
diff --git a/api/all/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/api/trace/propagation/W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest.java b/api/all/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/api/trace/propagation/W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest.java
index 6185adf9d6..0d4a3516e8 100644
--- a/api/all/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/api/trace/propagation/W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest.java
+++ b/api/all/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/api/trace/propagation/W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest.java
@@ -298,42 +298,42 @@ class W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest {
   void extract_EmptyHeader() {
     Map<String, String> invalidHeaders = new LinkedHashMap<>();
     invalidHeaders.put(W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT, "");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(
-                w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
   void extract_invalidDelimiters() {
     Map<String, String> carrier = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+    Context input = Context.current();
+    Context result;
+
     carrier.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "01+" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "-" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "-00-02");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), carrier, getter)))
-        .isEqualTo(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    result = w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(input, carrier, getter);
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
+    assertThat(getSpanContext(result)).isEqualTo(SpanContext.getInvalid());
 
     carrier.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "01-" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "+" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "-00-02");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), carrier, getter)))
-        .isEqualTo(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    result = w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(input, carrier, getter);
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
+    assertThat(getSpanContext(result)).isEqualTo(SpanContext.getInvalid());
 
     carrier.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "01-" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "-" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "+00-02");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), carrier, getter)))
-        .isEqualTo(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    result = w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(input, carrier, getter);
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
+    assertThat(getSpanContext(result)).isEqualTo(SpanContext.getInvalid());
 
     carrier.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "01-" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "-" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "-00+02");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), carrier, getter)))
-        .isEqualTo(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    result = w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(input, carrier, getter);
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
+    assertThat(getSpanContext(result)).isEqualTo(SpanContext.getInvalid());
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -342,10 +342,7 @@ class W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "00-" + "abcdefghijklmnopabcdefghijklmnop" + "-" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "-01");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(
-                w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -354,10 +351,7 @@ class W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "00-" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "00-" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "-01");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(
-                w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -366,10 +360,7 @@ class W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "00-" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "-" + "abcdefghijklmnop" + "-01");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(
-                w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -378,10 +369,7 @@ class W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "00-" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "-" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "00-01");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(
-                w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -390,10 +378,7 @@ class W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "00-" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "-" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "-gh");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(
-                w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -402,10 +387,14 @@ class W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "00-" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "-" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "-0100");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(
-                w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
+  }
+
+  private void verifyInvalidBehavior(Map<String, String> invalidHeaders) {
+    Context input = Context.current();
+    Context result = w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(input, invalidHeaders, getter);
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
+    assertThat(getSpanContext(result)).isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -474,10 +463,7 @@ class W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "ff-" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "-" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "-01");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(
-                w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -486,10 +472,7 @@ class W3CTraceContextPropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(
         W3CTraceContextPropagator.TRACE_PARENT,
         "00-" + TRACE_ID_BASE16 + "-" + SPAN_ID_BASE16 + "-00-01");
-    assertThat(
-            getSpanContext(
-                w3cTraceContextPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
diff --git a/context/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/context/propagation/MultiTextMapPropagatorTest.java b/context/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/context/propagation/MultiTextMapPropagatorTest.java
index f572985ee8..3950779746 100644
--- a/context/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/context/propagation/MultiTextMapPropagatorTest.java
+++ b/context/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/context/propagation/MultiTextMapPropagatorTest.java
@@ -93,6 +93,19 @@ class MultiTextMapPropagatorTest {
     verify(propagator3).inject(context, carrier, setter);
   }
 
+  @Test
+  void inject_nullContextAllDelegated() {
+    Map<String, String> carrier = new HashMap<>();
+    Context context = null;
+    TextMapSetter<Map<String, String>> setter = Map::put;
+
+    TextMapPropagator prop = new MultiTextMapPropagator(propagator1, propagator2, propagator3);
+    prop.inject(context, carrier, setter);
+    verify(propagator1).inject(context, carrier, setter);
+    verify(propagator2).inject(context, carrier, setter);
+    verify(propagator3).inject(context, carrier, setter);
+  }
+
   @Test
   void extract_noPropagators() {
     Map<String, String> carrier = new HashMap<>();
@@ -121,7 +134,6 @@ class MultiTextMapPropagatorTest {
 
   @Test
   void extract_notFound() {
-
     Map<String, String> carrier = new HashMap<>();
     Context context = mock(Context.class);
     when(propagator1.extract(context, carrier, getter)).thenReturn(context);
@@ -132,4 +144,17 @@ class MultiTextMapPropagatorTest {
 
     assertThat(result).isSameAs(context);
   }
+
+  @Test
+  void extract_nullContext() {
+    Map<String, String> carrier = new HashMap<>();
+    Context context = null;
+    when(propagator1.extract(context, carrier, getter)).thenReturn(context);
+    when(propagator2.extract(context, carrier, getter)).thenReturn(context);
+
+    TextMapPropagator prop = new MultiTextMapPropagator(propagator1, propagator2);
+    Context result = prop.extract(context, carrier, getter);
+
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(context);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/context/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/context/propagation/NoopTextMapPropagatorTest.java b/context/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/context/propagation/NoopTextMapPropagatorTest.java
index 7eb7d09e64..1d16115d9a 100644
--- a/context/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/context/propagation/NoopTextMapPropagatorTest.java
+++ b/context/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/context/propagation/NoopTextMapPropagatorTest.java
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ package io.opentelemetry.context.propagation;
 
 import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
 
+import io.opentelemetry.context.Context;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import javax.annotation.Nullable;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 class NoopTextMapPropagatorTest {
@@ -15,4 +18,34 @@ class NoopTextMapPropagatorTest {
   void noopFields() {
     assertThat(TextMapPropagator.noop().fields()).isEmpty();
   }
+
+  @Test
+  void extract_contextUnchanged() {
+    Context input = Context.current();
+    Context result =
+        TextMapPropagator.noop().extract(input, new HashMap<>(), new HashMapTextMapGetter());
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
+  }
+
+  @Test
+  void extract_nullContext() {
+    Context input = null;
+    Context result =
+        TextMapPropagator.noop().extract(input, new HashMap<>(), new HashMapTextMapGetter());
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
+  }
+
+  private static class HashMapTextMapGetter
+      implements TextMapGetter<HashMap<? extends Object, ? extends Object>> {
+    @Override
+    public Iterable<String> keys(HashMap<?, ?> carrier) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    @Nullable
+    @Override
+    public String get(@Nullable HashMap<?, ?> carrier, String key) {
+      return null;
+    }
+  }
 }
diff --git a/extensions/aws/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/aws/AwsXrayPropagator.java b/extensions/aws/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/aws/AwsXrayPropagator.java
index 1ffb275d2a..a596ddfaff 100644
--- a/extensions/aws/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/aws/AwsXrayPropagator.java
+++ b/extensions/aws/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/aws/AwsXrayPropagator.java
@@ -233,8 +233,9 @@ public final class AwsXrayPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
             spanId,
             isSampled ? TraceFlags.getSampled() : TraceFlags.getDefault(),
             TraceState.getDefault());
-
-    context = context.with(Span.wrap(spanContext));
+    if (spanContext.isValid()) {
+      context = context.with(Span.wrap(spanContext));
+    }
     if (baggage != null) {
       context = context.with(baggage.build());
     }
diff --git a/extensions/aws/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/aws/AwsXrayPropagatorTest.java b/extensions/aws/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/aws/AwsXrayPropagatorTest.java
index 3ef7f16e08..1ad62173db 100644
--- a/extensions/aws/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/aws/AwsXrayPropagatorTest.java
+++ b/extensions/aws/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/aws/AwsXrayPropagatorTest.java
@@ -273,8 +273,7 @@ class AwsXrayPropagatorTest {
     Map<String, String> invalidHeaders = new LinkedHashMap<>();
     invalidHeaders.put(TRACE_HEADER_KEY, "");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(xrayPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -284,8 +283,7 @@ class AwsXrayPropagatorTest {
         TRACE_HEADER_KEY,
         "Root=abcdefghijklmnopabcdefghijklmnop;Parent=53995c3f42cd8ad8;Sampled=0");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(xrayPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -295,8 +293,7 @@ class AwsXrayPropagatorTest {
         TRACE_HEADER_KEY,
         "Root=1-8a3c60f7-d188f8fa79d48a391a778fa600;Parent=53995c3f42cd8ad8;Sampled=0");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(xrayPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -306,8 +303,7 @@ class AwsXrayPropagatorTest {
         TRACE_HEADER_KEY,
         "Root=1-8a3c60f7-d188f8fa79d48a391a778fa6;Parent=abcdefghijklmnop;Sampled=0");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(xrayPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -317,8 +313,7 @@ class AwsXrayPropagatorTest {
         TRACE_HEADER_KEY,
         "Root=1-8a3c60f7-d188f8fa79d48a391a778fa6;Parent=53995c3f42cd8ad800;Sampled=0");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(xrayPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -328,8 +323,7 @@ class AwsXrayPropagatorTest {
         TRACE_HEADER_KEY,
         "Root=1-8a3c60f7-d188f8fa79d48a391a778fa6;Parent=53995c3f42cd8ad8;Sampled=");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(xrayPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -339,8 +333,7 @@ class AwsXrayPropagatorTest {
         TRACE_HEADER_KEY,
         "Root=1-8a3c60f7-d188f8fa79d48a391a778fa6;Parent=53995c3f42cd8ad8;Sampled=10220");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(xrayPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -350,8 +343,14 @@ class AwsXrayPropagatorTest {
         TRACE_HEADER_KEY,
         "Root=1-8a3c60f7-d188f8fa79d48a391a778fa6;Parent=53995c3f42cd8ad8;Sampled=a");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(xrayPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
+  }
+
+  private void verifyInvalidBehavior(Map<String, String> invalidHeaders) {
+    Context input = Context.current();
+    Context result = xrayPropagator.extract(input, invalidHeaders, getter);
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
+    assertThat(getSpanContext(result)).isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
   }
 
   @Test
diff --git a/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/B3PropagatorTest.java b/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/B3PropagatorTest.java
index e69ca3c46f..ed996b2c96 100644
--- a/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/B3PropagatorTest.java
+++ b/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/B3PropagatorTest.java
@@ -234,8 +234,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, "g" + TRACE_ID.substring(1));
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, SPAN_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -244,8 +243,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, TRACE_ID.substring(2));
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, SPAN_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -254,8 +252,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, TRACE_ID + "00");
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, SPAN_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -264,8 +261,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, TRACE_ID_ALL_ZERO);
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, SPAN_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -274,8 +270,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, TRACE_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, "g" + SPAN_ID.substring(1));
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -284,8 +279,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, TRACE_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, SPAN_ID.substring(2));
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -294,8 +288,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, TRACE_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, SPAN_ID + "00");
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -304,8 +297,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, TRACE_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, SPAN_ID_ALL_ZERO);
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -481,8 +473,14 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     Map<String, String> invalidHeaders = new LinkedHashMap<>();
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.COMBINED_HEADER, null);
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
+  }
+
+  private void verifyInvalidBehavior(Map<String, String> invalidHeaders) {
+    Context input = Context.current();
+    Context extractedContext = b3Propagator.extract(input, invalidHeaders, getter);
+    assertThat(extractedContext).isSameAs(input);
+    assertThat(getSpanContext(extractedContext)).isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -490,8 +488,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     Map<String, String> invalidHeaders = new LinkedHashMap<>();
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.COMBINED_HEADER, "");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -501,8 +498,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
         B3Propagator.COMBINED_HEADER,
         "abcdefghijklmnopabcdefghijklmnop" + "-" + SPAN_ID + "-" + Common.TRUE_INT);
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -512,8 +508,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
         B3Propagator.COMBINED_HEADER,
         "abcdefghijklmnopabcdefghijklmnop" + "00" + "-" + SPAN_ID + "-" + Common.TRUE_INT);
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -522,8 +517,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(
         B3Propagator.COMBINED_HEADER, TRACE_ID + "-" + "abcdefghijklmnop" + "-" + Common.TRUE_INT);
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -533,8 +527,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
         B3Propagator.COMBINED_HEADER,
         TRACE_ID + "-" + "abcdefghijklmnop" + "00" + "-" + Common.TRUE_INT);
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -542,8 +535,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     Map<String, String> invalidHeaders = new LinkedHashMap<>();
     invalidHeaders.put(B3Propagator.COMBINED_HEADER, TRACE_ID);
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -552,8 +544,7 @@ class B3PropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(
         B3Propagator.COMBINED_HEADER,
         TRACE_ID + "-" + SPAN_ID + "-" + Common.TRUE_INT + "-extra-extra");
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(b3Propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
diff --git a/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/JaegerPropagatorTest.java b/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/JaegerPropagatorTest.java
index 83c19ce055..a518d9d3d5 100644
--- a/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/JaegerPropagatorTest.java
+++ b/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/JaegerPropagatorTest.java
@@ -213,8 +213,14 @@ class JaegerPropagatorTest {
     Map<String, String> invalidHeaders = new LinkedHashMap<>();
     invalidHeaders.put(PROPAGATION_HEADER, "aa:bb:cc");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(jaegerPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
+  }
+
+  private void verifyInvalidBehavior(Map<String, String> invalidHeaders) {
+    Context input = Context.current();
+    Context result = jaegerPropagator.extract(input, invalidHeaders, getter);
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
+    assertThat(getSpanContext(result)).isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -222,8 +228,7 @@ class JaegerPropagatorTest {
     Map<String, String> invalidHeaders = new LinkedHashMap<>();
     invalidHeaders.put(PROPAGATION_HEADER, "aa:bb:cc:dd:ee");
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(jaegerPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -234,8 +239,7 @@ class JaegerPropagatorTest {
         generateTraceIdHeaderValue(
             "abcdefghijklmnopabcdefghijklmnop", SPAN_ID, DEPRECATED_PARENT_SPAN, "0"));
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(jaegerPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -245,8 +249,7 @@ class JaegerPropagatorTest {
         PROPAGATION_HEADER,
         generateTraceIdHeaderValue(TRACE_ID + "00", SPAN_ID, DEPRECATED_PARENT_SPAN, "0"));
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(jaegerPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -256,8 +259,7 @@ class JaegerPropagatorTest {
         PROPAGATION_HEADER,
         generateTraceIdHeaderValue(TRACE_ID, "abcdefghijklmnop", DEPRECATED_PARENT_SPAN, "0"));
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(jaegerPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -267,8 +269,7 @@ class JaegerPropagatorTest {
         PROPAGATION_HEADER,
         generateTraceIdHeaderValue(TRACE_ID, SPAN_ID + "00", DEPRECATED_PARENT_SPAN, "0"));
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(jaegerPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -278,8 +279,7 @@ class JaegerPropagatorTest {
         PROPAGATION_HEADER,
         generateTraceIdHeaderValue(TRACE_ID, SPAN_ID, DEPRECATED_PARENT_SPAN, ""));
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(jaegerPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -289,8 +289,7 @@ class JaegerPropagatorTest {
         PROPAGATION_HEADER,
         generateTraceIdHeaderValue(TRACE_ID, SPAN_ID, DEPRECATED_PARENT_SPAN, "10220"));
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(jaegerPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -300,8 +299,7 @@ class JaegerPropagatorTest {
         PROPAGATION_HEADER,
         generateTraceIdHeaderValue(TRACE_ID, SPAN_ID, DEPRECATED_PARENT_SPAN, "abcdefr"));
 
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(jaegerPropagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
diff --git a/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/OtTracePropagatorTest.java b/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/OtTracePropagatorTest.java
index f5fb42bcd8..2da3a970ed 100644
--- a/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/OtTracePropagatorTest.java
+++ b/extensions/trace-propagators/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/extension/trace/propagation/OtTracePropagatorTest.java
@@ -264,8 +264,7 @@ class OtTracePropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(OtTracePropagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, TRACE_ID + "00");
     invalidHeaders.put(OtTracePropagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, SPAN_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(OtTracePropagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -274,8 +273,7 @@ class OtTracePropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(OtTracePropagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, TRACE_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(OtTracePropagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, "abcdefghijklmnop");
     invalidHeaders.put(OtTracePropagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test
@@ -284,15 +282,20 @@ class OtTracePropagatorTest {
     invalidHeaders.put(OtTracePropagator.TRACE_ID_HEADER, TRACE_ID);
     invalidHeaders.put(OtTracePropagator.SPAN_ID_HEADER, "abcdefghijklmnop" + "00");
     invalidHeaders.put(OtTracePropagator.SAMPLED_HEADER, Common.TRUE_INT);
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(propagator.extract(Context.current(), invalidHeaders, getter)))
-        .isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(invalidHeaders);
+  }
+
+  private void verifyInvalidBehavior(Map<String, String> invalidHeaders) {
+    Context input = Context.current();
+    Context result = propagator.extract(input, invalidHeaders, getter);
+    assertThat(result).isSameAs(input);
+    assertThat(getSpanContext(result)).isSameAs(SpanContext.getInvalid());
   }
 
   @Test
   void extract_emptyCarrier() {
     Map<String, String> emptyHeaders = new HashMap<>();
-    assertThat(getSpanContext(propagator.extract(Context.current(), emptyHeaders, getter)))
-        .isEqualTo(SpanContext.getInvalid());
+    verifyInvalidBehavior(emptyHeaders);
   }
 
   @Test