diff --git a/experimental/CHANGELOG.md b/experimental/CHANGELOG.md
index 389f9fd95..f4c1bf24d 100644
--- a/experimental/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/experimental/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ For notes on migrating to 2.x / 0.200.x see [the upgrade guide](doc/upgrade-to-2
 
 ### :bug: Bug Fixes
 
+fix(otlp-transformer): do not throw when deserializing empty JSON response [#5551](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/5551) @pichlermarc
+
 ### :books: Documentation
 
 ### :house: Internal
diff --git a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/logs/json/logs.ts b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/logs/json/logs.ts
index b9e6f6b15..11c1e4910 100644
--- a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/logs/json/logs.ts
+++ b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/logs/json/logs.ts
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ export const JsonLogsSerializer: ISerializer<
     return encoder.encode(JSON.stringify(request));
   },
   deserializeResponse: (arg: Uint8Array) => {
+    if (arg.length === 0) {
+      return {};
+    }
     const decoder = new TextDecoder();
     return JSON.parse(decoder.decode(arg)) as IExportLogsServiceResponse;
   },
diff --git a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/metrics/json/metrics.ts b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/metrics/json/metrics.ts
index 9f7273cbc..85243ab1b 100644
--- a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/metrics/json/metrics.ts
+++ b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/metrics/json/metrics.ts
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ export const JsonMetricsSerializer: ISerializer<
     return encoder.encode(JSON.stringify(request));
   },
   deserializeResponse: (arg: Uint8Array) => {
+    if (arg.length === 0) {
+      return {};
+    }
     const decoder = new TextDecoder();
     return JSON.parse(decoder.decode(arg)) as IExportMetricsServiceResponse;
   },
diff --git a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/trace/json/trace.ts b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/trace/json/trace.ts
index da188b090..fa15a39f3 100644
--- a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/trace/json/trace.ts
+++ b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/src/trace/json/trace.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,9 @@ export const JsonTraceSerializer: ISerializer<
     return encoder.encode(JSON.stringify(request));
   },
   deserializeResponse: (arg: Uint8Array) => {
+    if (arg.length === 0) {
+      return {};
+    }
     const decoder = new TextDecoder();
     return JSON.parse(decoder.decode(arg)) as IExportTraceServiceResponse;
   },
diff --git a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/logs.test.ts b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/logs.test.ts
index 05da91f89..6a9e3623b 100644
--- a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/logs.test.ts
+++ b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/logs.test.ts
@@ -344,6 +344,12 @@ describe('Logs', () => {
         1
       );
     });
+
+    it('does not throw when deserializing an empty response', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() =>
+        ProtobufLogsSerializer.deserializeResponse(new Uint8Array([]))
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   describe('JsonLogsSerializer', function () {
@@ -383,5 +389,11 @@ describe('Logs', () => {
         1
       );
     });
+
+    it('does not throw when deserializing an empty response', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() =>
+        JsonLogsSerializer.deserializeResponse(new Uint8Array([]))
+      );
+    });
   });
 });
diff --git a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/metrics.test.ts b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/metrics.test.ts
index f97d6497b..22d01ed5b 100644
--- a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/metrics.test.ts
+++ b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/metrics.test.ts
@@ -858,6 +858,12 @@ describe('Metrics', () => {
         1
       );
     });
+
+    it('does not throw when deserializing an empty response', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() =>
+        ProtobufMetricsSerializer.deserializeResponse(new Uint8Array([]))
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   describe('JsonMetricsSerializer', function () {
@@ -929,5 +935,11 @@ describe('Metrics', () => {
         1
       );
     });
+
+    it('does not throw when deserializing an empty response', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() =>
+        JsonMetricsSerializer.deserializeResponse(new Uint8Array([]))
+      );
+    });
   });
 });
diff --git a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/trace.test.ts b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/trace.test.ts
index 2cada313d..6b0cd633b 100644
--- a/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/trace.test.ts
+++ b/experimental/packages/otlp-transformer/test/trace.test.ts
@@ -495,6 +495,12 @@ describe('Trace', () => {
         1
       );
     });
+
+    it('does not throw when deserializing an empty response', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() =>
+        ProtobufTraceSerializer.deserializeResponse(new Uint8Array([]))
+      );
+    });
   });
 
   describe('JsonTracesSerializer', function () {
@@ -537,5 +543,11 @@ describe('Trace', () => {
         1
       );
     });
+
+    it('does not throw when deserializing an empty response', () => {
+      assert.doesNotThrow(() =>
+        JsonTraceSerializer.deserializeResponse(new Uint8Array([]))
+      );
+    });
   });
 });