diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 594c93f0a..20c21921b 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -93,8 +93,12 @@ For semantic convention package changes, see the [semconv CHANGELOG](packages/se
   * (user-facing): `baggageUtils.parsePairKeyValue` was an internal utility function that was unintentionally exported. It has been removed without replacement.
   * (user-facing): `TimeOriginLegacy` has been removed without replacement.
   * (user-facing): `isAttributeKey` was an internal utility function that was unintentionally exported. It has been removed without replacement.
+* feat(sdk-trace-base)!: do not read environment variables from window in browsers [#5445](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/5455) @pichlermarc
+  * (user-facing): all configuration previously possible via `window.OTEL_*` is now not supported anymore, please pass configuration options to constructors instead.
+  * Note: Node.js environment variable configuration continues to work as-is.
 * feat(exporter-zipkin)!: do not read environment variables from window in browsers [#5465](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/5465) @pichlermarc
   * (user-facing): all configuration previously possible via `window.OTEL_*` is now not supported anymore, please pass configuration options to constructors instead.
+  * Note: Node.js environment variable configuration continues to work as-is.
 * feat(resource)!: Remove resource class export in favor of functions and types only to aid in cross-version compatibility [#5421](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-js/pull/5421)
   * Renames `Resource` class to `ResourceImpl` and makes it package-private
   * Renames `IResource` interface to `Resource`
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/karma.conf.js b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/karma.conf.js
index bf2a41b79..3d6b8b74f 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/karma.conf.js
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/karma.conf.js
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-/*!
+/*
  * Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -17,8 +17,12 @@
 const karmaWebpackConfig = require('../../karma.webpack');
 const karmaBaseConfig = require('../../karma.base');
 
-module.exports = (config) => {
-  config.set(Object.assign({}, karmaBaseConfig, {
-    webpack: karmaWebpackConfig,
-  }))
+module.exports = config => {
+  config.set(
+    Object.assign({}, karmaBaseConfig, {
+      webpack: karmaWebpackConfig,
+      files: ['test/browser/index-webpack.ts'],
+      preprocessors: { 'test/browser/index-webpack.ts': ['webpack'] },
+    })
+  );
 };
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/karma.worker.js b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/karma.worker.js
index a8d8e50e8..90fbe8739 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/karma.worker.js
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/karma.worker.js
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-/*!
+/*
  * Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
  *
  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
  *
- *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
  *
  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
@@ -17,8 +17,17 @@
 const karmaWebpackConfig = require('../../karma.webpack');
 const karmaBaseConfig = require('../../karma.worker');
 
-module.exports = (config) => {
-  config.set(Object.assign({}, karmaBaseConfig, {
-    webpack: karmaWebpackConfig,
-  }))
+module.exports = config => {
+  config.set(
+    Object.assign({}, karmaBaseConfig, {
+      webpack: karmaWebpackConfig,
+      files: [
+        {
+          pattern: 'test/browser/index-webpack.worker.ts',
+          included: false,
+        },
+      ],
+      preprocessors: { 'test/browser/index-webpack.worker.ts': ['webpack'] },
+    })
+  );
 };
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/config.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/config.ts
index 0756d00dd..d03e4e679 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/config.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/config.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
  */
 
 import { diag } from '@opentelemetry/api';
-import { getEnv, ENVIRONMENT } from '@opentelemetry/core';
+import { getNumberFromEnv, getStringFromEnv } from '@opentelemetry/core';
 import { Sampler } from './Sampler';
 import { AlwaysOffSampler } from './sampler/AlwaysOffSampler';
 import { AlwaysOnSampler } from './sampler/AlwaysOnSampler';
@@ -44,35 +44,38 @@ const DEFAULT_RATIO = 1;
 // object needs to be wrapped in this function and called when needed otherwise
 // envs are parsed before tests are ran - causes tests using these envs to fail
 export function loadDefaultConfig() {
-  const env = getEnv();
-
   return {
-    sampler: buildSamplerFromEnv(env),
+    sampler: buildSamplerFromEnv(),
     forceFlushTimeoutMillis: 30000,
     generalLimits: {
-      attributeValueLengthLimit: env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT,
-      attributeCountLimit: env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT,
+      attributeValueLengthLimit:
+        getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT') ?? Infinity,
+      attributeCountLimit:
+        getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT') ?? 128,
     },
     spanLimits: {
-      attributeValueLengthLimit: env.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT,
-      attributeCountLimit: env.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT,
-      linkCountLimit: env.OTEL_SPAN_LINK_COUNT_LIMIT,
-      eventCountLimit: env.OTEL_SPAN_EVENT_COUNT_LIMIT,
+      attributeValueLengthLimit:
+        getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT') ?? Infinity,
+      attributeCountLimit:
+        getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT') ?? 128,
+      linkCountLimit: getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_SPAN_LINK_COUNT_LIMIT') ?? 128,
+      eventCountLimit: getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_SPAN_EVENT_COUNT_LIMIT') ?? 128,
       attributePerEventCountLimit:
-        env.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_PER_EVENT_COUNT_LIMIT,
-      attributePerLinkCountLimit: env.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_PER_LINK_COUNT_LIMIT,
+        getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_PER_EVENT_COUNT_LIMIT') ?? 128,
+      attributePerLinkCountLimit:
+        getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_PER_LINK_COUNT_LIMIT') ?? 128,
     },
   };
 }
 
 /**
  * Based on environment, builds a sampler, complies with specification.
- * @param environment optional, by default uses getEnv(), but allows passing a value to reuse parsed environment
  */
-export function buildSamplerFromEnv(
-  environment: Required<ENVIRONMENT> = getEnv()
-): Sampler {
-  switch (environment.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER) {
+export function buildSamplerFromEnv(): Sampler {
+  const sampler =
+    getStringFromEnv('OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER') ??
+    TracesSamplerValues.ParentBasedAlwaysOn;
+  switch (sampler) {
     case TracesSamplerValues.AlwaysOn:
       return new AlwaysOnSampler();
     case TracesSamplerValues.AlwaysOff:
@@ -86,48 +89,31 @@ export function buildSamplerFromEnv(
         root: new AlwaysOffSampler(),
       });
     case TracesSamplerValues.TraceIdRatio:
-      return new TraceIdRatioBasedSampler(
-        getSamplerProbabilityFromEnv(environment)
-      );
+      return new TraceIdRatioBasedSampler(getSamplerProbabilityFromEnv());
     case TracesSamplerValues.ParentBasedTraceIdRatio:
       return new ParentBasedSampler({
-        root: new TraceIdRatioBasedSampler(
-          getSamplerProbabilityFromEnv(environment)
-        ),
+        root: new TraceIdRatioBasedSampler(getSamplerProbabilityFromEnv()),
       });
     default:
       diag.error(
-        `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER value "${environment.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER} invalid, defaulting to ${FALLBACK_OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER}".`
+        `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER value "${sampler}" invalid, defaulting to "${FALLBACK_OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER}".`
       );
       return new AlwaysOnSampler();
   }
 }
 
-function getSamplerProbabilityFromEnv(
-  environment: Required<ENVIRONMENT>
-): number | undefined {
-  if (
-    environment.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG === undefined ||
-    environment.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG === ''
-  ) {
+function getSamplerProbabilityFromEnv(): number | undefined {
+  const probability = getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG');
+  if (probability == null) {
     diag.error(
       `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG is blank, defaulting to ${DEFAULT_RATIO}.`
     );
     return DEFAULT_RATIO;
   }
 
-  const probability = Number(environment.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG);
-
-  if (isNaN(probability)) {
-    diag.error(
-      `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG=${environment.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG} was given, but it is invalid, defaulting to ${DEFAULT_RATIO}.`
-    );
-    return DEFAULT_RATIO;
-  }
-
   if (probability < 0 || probability > 1) {
     diag.error(
-      `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG=${environment.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG} was given, but it is out of range ([0..1]), defaulting to ${DEFAULT_RATIO}.`
+      `OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG=${probability} was given, but it is out of range ([0..1]), defaulting to ${DEFAULT_RATIO}.`
     );
     return DEFAULT_RATIO;
   }
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.ts
index 19e616dc0..46ac5335c 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.ts
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ import { context, Context, diag, TraceFlags } from '@opentelemetry/api';
 import {
   BindOnceFuture,
   ExportResultCode,
-  getEnv,
+  getNumberFromEnv,
   globalErrorHandler,
   suppressTracing,
   unrefTimer,
@@ -51,23 +51,22 @@ export abstract class BatchSpanProcessorBase<T extends BufferConfig>
     private readonly _exporter: SpanExporter,
     config?: T
   ) {
-    const env = getEnv();
     this._maxExportBatchSize =
       typeof config?.maxExportBatchSize === 'number'
         ? config.maxExportBatchSize
-        : env.OTEL_BSP_MAX_EXPORT_BATCH_SIZE;
+        : (getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_BSP_MAX_EXPORT_BATCH_SIZE') ?? 512);
     this._maxQueueSize =
       typeof config?.maxQueueSize === 'number'
         ? config.maxQueueSize
-        : env.OTEL_BSP_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE;
+        : (getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_BSP_MAX_QUEUE_SIZE') ?? 2048);
     this._scheduledDelayMillis =
       typeof config?.scheduledDelayMillis === 'number'
         ? config.scheduledDelayMillis
-        : env.OTEL_BSP_SCHEDULE_DELAY;
+        : (getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_BSP_SCHEDULE_DELAY') ?? 5000);
     this._exportTimeoutMillis =
       typeof config?.exportTimeoutMillis === 'number'
         ? config.exportTimeoutMillis
-        : env.OTEL_BSP_EXPORT_TIMEOUT;
+        : (getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_BSP_EXPORT_TIMEOUT') ?? 30000);
 
     this._shutdownOnce = new BindOnceFuture(this._shutdown, this);
 
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/utility.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/utility.ts
index 819d725d4..c7830968f 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/utility.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/src/utility.ts
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import { SpanLimits, TracerConfig, GeneralLimits } from './types';
 import {
   DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT,
   DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT,
-  getEnvWithoutDefaults,
+  getNumberFromEnv,
 } from '@opentelemetry/core';
 
 /**
@@ -68,16 +68,14 @@ export function mergeConfig(userConfig: TracerConfig): TracerConfig & {
 export function reconfigureLimits(userConfig: TracerConfig): TracerConfig {
   const spanLimits = Object.assign({}, userConfig.spanLimits);
 
-  const parsedEnvConfig = getEnvWithoutDefaults();
-
   /**
    * Reassign span attribute count limit to use first non null value defined by user or use default value
    */
   spanLimits.attributeCountLimit =
     userConfig.spanLimits?.attributeCountLimit ??
     userConfig.generalLimits?.attributeCountLimit ??
-    parsedEnvConfig.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT ??
-    parsedEnvConfig.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT ??
+    getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT') ??
+    getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT') ??
     DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
 
   /**
@@ -86,8 +84,8 @@ export function reconfigureLimits(userConfig: TracerConfig): TracerConfig {
   spanLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit =
     userConfig.spanLimits?.attributeValueLengthLimit ??
     userConfig.generalLimits?.attributeValueLengthLimit ??
-    parsedEnvConfig.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT ??
-    parsedEnvConfig.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT ??
+    getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT') ??
+    getNumberFromEnv('OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT') ??
     DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
 
   return Object.assign({}, userConfig, { spanLimits });
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/index-webpack.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/browser/index-webpack.ts
similarity index 64%
rename from packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/index-webpack.ts
rename to packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/browser/index-webpack.ts
index 802d6c405..99100a0f6 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/index-webpack.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/browser/index-webpack.ts
@@ -13,8 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+const testsContext = require.context('../browser', true, /test$/);
+testsContext.keys().forEach(testsContext);
 
-{
-  const testsContext = require.context('./', true, /test$/);
-  testsContext.keys().forEach(testsContext);
-}
+const testsContextCommon = require.context('../common', true, /test$/);
+testsContextCommon.keys().forEach(testsContextCommon);
+
+const srcContext = require.context('.', true, /src$/);
+srcContext.keys().forEach(srcContext);
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/index-webpack.worker.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/browser/index-webpack.worker.ts
similarity index 64%
rename from packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/index-webpack.worker.ts
rename to packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/browser/index-webpack.worker.ts
index 802d6c405..99100a0f6 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/index-webpack.worker.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/browser/index-webpack.worker.ts
@@ -13,8 +13,11 @@
  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  * limitations under the License.
  */
+const testsContext = require.context('../browser', true, /test$/);
+testsContext.keys().forEach(testsContext);
 
-{
-  const testsContext = require.context('./', true, /test$/);
-  testsContext.keys().forEach(testsContext);
-}
+const testsContextCommon = require.context('../common', true, /test$/);
+testsContextCommon.keys().forEach(testsContextCommon);
+
+const srcContext = require.context('.', true, /src$/);
+srcContext.keys().forEach(srcContext);
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts
index dfd380294..8d845c49f 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts
@@ -62,16 +62,9 @@ class DummyPropagator implements TextMapPropagator {
 }
 
 describe('BasicTracerProvider', () => {
-  let envSource: Record<string, any>;
   let setGlobalPropagatorStub: sinon.SinonSpy<[TextMapPropagator], boolean>;
   let setGlobalContextManagerStub: sinon.SinonSpy<[ContextManager], boolean>;
 
-  if (global.process?.versions?.node === undefined) {
-    envSource = globalThis as unknown as Record<string, any>;
-  } else {
-    envSource = process.env as Record<string, any>;
-  }
-
   beforeEach(() => {
     // to avoid actually registering the TraceProvider and leaking env to other tests
     sinon.stub(trace, 'setGlobalTracerProvider');
@@ -237,56 +230,7 @@ describe('BasicTracerProvider', () => {
         });
       });
 
-      describe('when attribute value length limit is defined via env', () => {
-        it('should have general attribute value length limits value as defined with env', () => {
-          envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT = '115';
-          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
-            'default'
-          ) as Tracer;
-          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
-          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 115);
-          delete envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
-        });
-        it('should have span attribute value length limit value same as general limit value', () => {
-          envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT = '125';
-          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
-            'default'
-          ) as Tracer;
-          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
-          const spanLimits = tracer.getSpanLimits();
-          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 125);
-          assert.strictEqual(spanLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 125);
-          delete envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
-        });
-        it('should have span and general attribute value length limits as defined in env', () => {
-          envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT = '125';
-          envSource.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT = '109';
-          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
-            'default'
-          ) as Tracer;
-          const spanLimits = tracer.getSpanLimits();
-          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
-          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 125);
-          assert.strictEqual(spanLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 109);
-          delete envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
-          delete envSource.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
-        });
-        it('should have span attribute value length limit as default of Infinity', () => {
-          envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT = '125';
-          envSource.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT = 'Infinity';
-          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
-            'default'
-          ) as Tracer;
-          const spanLimits = tracer.getSpanLimits();
-          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
-          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 125);
-          assert.strictEqual(spanLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, Infinity);
-          delete envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
-          delete envSource.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
-        });
-      });
-
-      describe('when attribute value length limit is not defined via env', () => {
+      describe('when attribute value length limit is not defined', () => {
         it('should use default value of Infinity', () => {
           const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
             'default'
@@ -298,56 +242,7 @@ describe('BasicTracerProvider', () => {
         });
       });
 
-      describe('when attribute count limit is defined via env', () => {
-        it('should general attribute count limit as defined with env', () => {
-          envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT = '25';
-          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider({}).getTracer(
-            'default'
-          ) as Tracer;
-          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
-          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeCountLimit, 25);
-          delete envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
-        });
-        it('should have span attribute count limit value same as general limit value', () => {
-          envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT = '20';
-          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
-            'default'
-          ) as Tracer;
-          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
-          const spanLimits = tracer.getSpanLimits();
-          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeCountLimit, 20);
-          assert.strictEqual(spanLimits.attributeCountLimit, 20);
-          delete envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
-        });
-        it('should have span and general attribute count limits as defined in env', () => {
-          envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT = '20';
-          envSource.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT = '35';
-          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
-            'default'
-          ) as Tracer;
-          const spanLimits = tracer.getSpanLimits();
-          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
-          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeCountLimit, 20);
-          assert.strictEqual(spanLimits.attributeCountLimit, 35);
-          delete envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
-          delete envSource.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
-        });
-        it('should have span attribute count limit as default of 128', () => {
-          envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT = '20';
-          envSource.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT = '128';
-          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
-            'default'
-          ) as Tracer;
-          const spanLimits = tracer.getSpanLimits();
-          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
-          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeCountLimit, 20);
-          assert.strictEqual(spanLimits.attributeCountLimit, 128);
-          delete envSource.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
-          delete envSource.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
-        });
-      });
-
-      describe('when attribute count limit is not defined via env', () => {
+      describe('when attribute count limit is not defined', () => {
         it('should use default value of 128', () => {
           const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
             'default'
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/Tracer.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/Tracer.test.ts
index 6881fbf39..634301ffa 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/Tracer.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/Tracer.test.ts
@@ -50,12 +50,6 @@ import { Tracer } from '../../src/Tracer';
 
 describe('Tracer', () => {
   const tracerProvider = new BasicTracerProvider();
-  let envSource: Record<string, any>;
-  if (global.process?.versions?.node === undefined) {
-    envSource = globalThis as unknown as Record<string, any>;
-  } else {
-    envSource = process.env as Record<string, any>;
-  }
 
   class TestSampler implements Sampler {
     constructor(private readonly traceState?: TraceState) {}
@@ -106,8 +100,6 @@ describe('Tracer', () => {
 
   afterEach(() => {
     context.disable();
-    delete envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER;
-    delete envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG;
   });
 
   it('should create a Tracer instance', () => {
@@ -327,51 +319,6 @@ describe('Tracer', () => {
     assert.strictEqual(trace.getSpan(samplerContext), undefined);
   });
 
-  it('should sample a trace when OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG is unset', () => {
-    envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'traceidratio';
-    envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG = '';
-    const tracer = new Tracer(
-      { name: 'default', version: '0.0.1' },
-      {},
-      tracerProvider['_resource'],
-      tracerProvider['_activeSpanProcessor']
-    );
-    const span = tracer.startSpan('my-span');
-    const context = span.spanContext();
-    assert.strictEqual(context.traceFlags, TraceFlags.SAMPLED);
-    span.end();
-  });
-
-  it('should not sample a trace when OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG is out of range', () => {
-    envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'traceidratio';
-    envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG = '2';
-    const tracer = new Tracer(
-      { name: 'default', version: '0.0.1' },
-      {},
-      tracerProvider['_resource'],
-      tracerProvider['_activeSpanProcessor']
-    );
-    const span = tracer.startSpan('my-span');
-    const context = span.spanContext();
-    assert.strictEqual(context.traceFlags, TraceFlags.SAMPLED);
-    span.end();
-  });
-
-  it('should not sample a trace when OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG is 0', () => {
-    envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'traceidratio';
-    envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG = '0';
-    const tracer = new Tracer(
-      { name: 'default', version: '0.0.1' },
-      {},
-      tracerProvider['_resource'],
-      tracerProvider['_activeSpanProcessor']
-    );
-    const span = tracer.startSpan('my-span');
-    const context = span.spanContext();
-    assert.strictEqual(context.traceFlags, TraceFlags.NONE);
-    span.end();
-  });
-
   it('should start an active span with name and function args', () => {
     const tracer = new Tracer(
       { name: 'default', version: '0.0.1' },
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.test.ts
index 657bbd724..4d3814825 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.test.ts
@@ -97,32 +97,6 @@ describe('BatchSpanProcessorBase', () => {
       assert.ok(processor instanceof BatchSpanProcessor);
       processor.shutdown();
     });
-
-    it('should read defaults from environment', () => {
-      const bspConfig = {
-        OTEL_BSP_MAX_EXPORT_BATCH_SIZE: 256,
-        OTEL_BSP_SCHEDULE_DELAY: 2500,
-      };
-
-      let env: Record<string, any>;
-      if (global.process?.versions?.node === undefined) {
-        env = globalThis as unknown as Record<string, any>;
-      } else {
-        env = process.env as Record<string, any>;
-      }
-
-      Object.entries(bspConfig).forEach(([k, v]) => {
-        env[k] = v;
-      });
-
-      const processor = new BatchSpanProcessor(exporter);
-      assert.ok(processor instanceof BatchSpanProcessor);
-      assert.strictEqual(processor['_maxExportBatchSize'], 256);
-      assert.strictEqual(processor['_scheduledDelayMillis'], 2500);
-      processor.shutdown();
-
-      Object.keys(bspConfig).forEach(k => delete env[k]);
-    });
   });
 
   describe('.onStart/.onEnd/.shutdown', () => {
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d1fd13b44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/BasicTracerProvider.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import { context, trace } from '@opentelemetry/api';
+import * as assert from 'assert';
+import * as sinon from 'sinon';
+import { BasicTracerProvider } from '../../src';
+import { Tracer } from '../../src/Tracer';
+
+describe('BasicTracerProvider - Node', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    // to avoid actually registering the TraceProvider and leaking env to other tests
+    sinon.stub(trace, 'setGlobalTracerProvider');
+    context.disable();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    sinon.restore();
+  });
+
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    describe('spanLimits', () => {
+      describe('when attribute value length limit is defined via env', () => {
+        it('should have general attribute value length limits value as defined with env', () => {
+          process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT = '115';
+          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
+            'default'
+          ) as Tracer;
+          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
+          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 115);
+          delete process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
+        });
+        it('should have span attribute value length limit value same as general limit value', () => {
+          process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT = '125';
+          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
+            'default'
+          ) as Tracer;
+          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
+          const spanLimits = tracer.getSpanLimits();
+          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 125);
+          assert.strictEqual(spanLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 125);
+          delete process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
+        });
+        it('should have span and general attribute value length limits as defined in env', () => {
+          process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT = '125';
+          process.env.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT = '109';
+          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
+            'default'
+          ) as Tracer;
+          const spanLimits = tracer.getSpanLimits();
+          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
+          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 125);
+          assert.strictEqual(spanLimits.attributeValueLengthLimit, 109);
+          delete process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
+          delete process.env.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LENGTH_LIMIT;
+        });
+      });
+
+      describe('when attribute count limit is defined via env', () => {
+        it('should general attribute count limit as defined with env', () => {
+          process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT = '25';
+          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider({}).getTracer(
+            'default'
+          ) as Tracer;
+          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
+          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeCountLimit, 25);
+          delete process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
+        });
+        it('should have span attribute count limit value same as general limit value', () => {
+          process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT = '20';
+          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
+            'default'
+          ) as Tracer;
+          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
+          const spanLimits = tracer.getSpanLimits();
+          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeCountLimit, 20);
+          assert.strictEqual(spanLimits.attributeCountLimit, 20);
+          delete process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
+        });
+        it('should have span and general attribute count limits as defined in env', () => {
+          process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT = '20';
+          process.env.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT = '35';
+          const tracer = new BasicTracerProvider().getTracer(
+            'default'
+          ) as Tracer;
+          const spanLimits = tracer.getSpanLimits();
+          const generalLimits = tracer.getGeneralLimits();
+          assert.strictEqual(generalLimits.attributeCountLimit, 20);
+          assert.strictEqual(spanLimits.attributeCountLimit, 35);
+          delete process.env.OTEL_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
+          delete process.env.OTEL_SPAN_ATTRIBUTE_COUNT_LIMIT;
+        });
+      });
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/Tracer.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/Tracer.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7b042c185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/Tracer.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+import { context, TraceFlags } from '@opentelemetry/api';
+import * as assert from 'assert';
+import { BasicTracerProvider } from '../../src';
+import { TestStackContextManager } from '../common/export/TestStackContextManager';
+import { Tracer } from '../../src/Tracer';
+
+describe('Tracer', () => {
+  const tracerProvider = new BasicTracerProvider();
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    const contextManager = new TestStackContextManager().enable();
+    context.setGlobalContextManager(contextManager);
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    context.disable();
+    delete process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER;
+    delete process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG;
+  });
+
+  it('should sample a trace when OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG is unset', () => {
+    process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'traceidratio';
+    process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG = '';
+    const tracer = new Tracer(
+      { name: 'default', version: '0.0.1' },
+      {},
+      tracerProvider['_resource'],
+      tracerProvider['_activeSpanProcessor']
+    );
+    const span = tracer.startSpan('my-span');
+    const context = span.spanContext();
+    assert.strictEqual(context.traceFlags, TraceFlags.SAMPLED);
+    span.end();
+  });
+
+  it('should not sample a trace when OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG is out of range', () => {
+    process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'traceidratio';
+    process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG = '2';
+    const tracer = new Tracer(
+      { name: 'default', version: '0.0.1' },
+      {},
+      tracerProvider['_resource'],
+      tracerProvider['_activeSpanProcessor']
+    );
+    const span = tracer.startSpan('my-span');
+    const context = span.spanContext();
+    assert.strictEqual(context.traceFlags, TraceFlags.SAMPLED);
+    span.end();
+  });
+
+  it('should not sample a trace when OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG is 0', () => {
+    process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'traceidratio';
+    process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG = '0';
+    const tracer = new Tracer(
+      { name: 'default', version: '0.0.1' },
+      {},
+      tracerProvider['_resource'],
+      tracerProvider['_activeSpanProcessor']
+    );
+    const span = tracer.startSpan('my-span');
+    const context = span.spanContext();
+    assert.strictEqual(context.traceFlags, TraceFlags.NONE);
+    span.end();
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/config.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/config.test.ts
similarity index 82%
rename from packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/config.test.ts
rename to packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/config.test.ts
index 615749a55..63b279045 100644
--- a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/common/config.test.ts
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/config.test.ts
@@ -24,34 +24,27 @@ import {
 import { buildSamplerFromEnv } from '../../src/config';
 
 describe('config', () => {
-  let envSource: Record<string, any>;
-  if (global.process?.versions?.node === undefined) {
-    envSource = globalThis as unknown as Record<string, any>;
-  } else {
-    envSource = process.env as Record<string, any>;
-  }
-
   describe('buildSamplerFromEnv()', () => {
     afterEach(() => {
-      delete envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER;
-      delete envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG;
+      delete process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER;
+      delete process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG;
     });
 
     it('should handle always_on case', () => {
-      envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'always_on';
+      process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'always_on';
       assert.ok(buildSamplerFromEnv() instanceof AlwaysOnSampler);
       assert.strictEqual(buildSamplerFromEnv().toString(), 'AlwaysOnSampler');
     });
 
     it('should handle always_off case', () => {
-      envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'always_off';
+      process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'always_off';
       assert.ok(buildSamplerFromEnv() instanceof AlwaysOffSampler);
       assert.strictEqual(buildSamplerFromEnv().toString(), 'AlwaysOffSampler');
     });
 
     it('should handle traceidratio case', () => {
-      envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'traceidratio';
-      envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG = '0.1';
+      process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'traceidratio';
+      process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG = '0.1';
       assert.ok(buildSamplerFromEnv() instanceof TraceIdRatioBasedSampler);
       assert.strictEqual(
         buildSamplerFromEnv().toString(),
@@ -60,7 +53,7 @@ describe('config', () => {
     });
 
     it('should handle parentbased_always_on case', () => {
-      envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'parentbased_always_on';
+      process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'parentbased_always_on';
       assert.ok(buildSamplerFromEnv() instanceof ParentBasedSampler);
       assert.strictEqual(
         buildSamplerFromEnv().toString(),
@@ -69,7 +62,7 @@ describe('config', () => {
     });
 
     it('should handle parentbased_always_off case', () => {
-      envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'parentbased_always_off';
+      process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'parentbased_always_off';
       assert.ok(buildSamplerFromEnv() instanceof ParentBasedSampler);
       assert.strictEqual(
         buildSamplerFromEnv().toString(),
@@ -78,8 +71,8 @@ describe('config', () => {
     });
 
     it('should handle parentbased_traceidratio case', () => {
-      envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'parentbased_traceidratio';
-      envSource.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG = '0.2';
+      process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER = 'parentbased_traceidratio';
+      process.env.OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG = '0.2';
       assert.ok(buildSamplerFromEnv() instanceof ParentBasedSampler);
       assert.strictEqual(
         buildSamplerFromEnv().toString(),
diff --git a/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.test.ts b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ec7c935d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-base/test/node/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright The OpenTelemetry Authors
+ *
+ * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+ * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+ * You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+import * as assert from 'assert';
+import { BufferConfig, InMemorySpanExporter } from '../../../src';
+import { BatchSpanProcessorBase } from '../../../src/export/BatchSpanProcessorBase';
+
+class BatchSpanProcessor extends BatchSpanProcessorBase<BufferConfig> {
+  onShutdown() {}
+}
+
+describe('BatchSpanProcessorBase', () => {
+  describe('constructor', () => {
+    it('should read defaults from environment', () => {
+      const exporter = new InMemorySpanExporter();
+      const bspConfig = {
+        OTEL_BSP_MAX_EXPORT_BATCH_SIZE: 256,
+        OTEL_BSP_SCHEDULE_DELAY: 2500,
+      };
+
+      let env: Record<string, any>;
+      if (global.process?.versions?.node === undefined) {
+        env = globalThis as unknown as Record<string, any>;
+      } else {
+        env = process.env as Record<string, any>;
+      }
+
+      Object.entries(bspConfig).forEach(([k, v]) => {
+        env[k] = v;
+      });
+
+      const processor = new BatchSpanProcessor(exporter);
+      assert.ok(processor instanceof BatchSpanProcessor);
+      assert.strictEqual(processor['_maxExportBatchSize'], 256);
+      assert.strictEqual(processor['_scheduledDelayMillis'], 2500);
+      processor.shutdown();
+
+      Object.keys(bspConfig).forEach(k => delete env[k]);
+    });
+  });
+});