# Process and Process Runtime Resources

**Status**: [Experimental][DocumentStatus]

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- [Process](#process)
- [Process runtimes](#process-runtimes)
  * [Erlang Runtimes](#erlang-runtimes)
  * [Go Runtimes](#go-runtimes)
  * [Java runtimes](#java-runtimes)
  * [JavaScript runtimes](#javascript-runtimes)
  * [.NET Runtimes](#net-runtimes)
  * [Python Runtimes](#python-runtimes)
  * [Ruby Runtimes](#ruby-runtimes)

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## Process

**type:** `process`

**Description:** An operating system process.

<!-- semconv process -->
| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | Requirement Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`process.command`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | string | The command used to launch the process (i.e. the command name). On Linux based systems, can be set to the zeroth string in `proc/[pid]/cmdline`. On Windows, can be set to the first parameter extracted from `GetCommandLineW`. | `cmd/otelcol` | Conditionally Required: See alternative attributes below. |
| [`process.command_args`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | string[] | All the command arguments (including the command/executable itself) as received by the process. On Linux-based systems (and some other Unixoid systems supporting procfs), can be set according to the list of null-delimited strings extracted from `proc/[pid]/cmdline`. For libc-based executables, this would be the full argv vector passed to `main`. | `[cmd/otecol, --config=config.yaml]` | Conditionally Required: See alternative attributes below. |
| [`process.command_line`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | string | The full command used to launch the process as a single string representing the full command. On Windows, can be set to the result of `GetCommandLineW`. Do not set this if you have to assemble it just for monitoring; use `process.command_args` instead. | `C:\cmd\otecol --config="my directory\config.yaml"` | Conditionally Required: See alternative attributes below. |
| [`process.executable.name`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | string | The name of the process executable. On Linux based systems, can be set to the `Name` in `proc/[pid]/status`. On Windows, can be set to the base name of `GetProcessImageFileNameW`. | `otelcol` | Conditionally Required: See alternative attributes below. |
| [`process.executable.path`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | string | The full path to the process executable. On Linux based systems, can be set to the target of `proc/[pid]/exe`. On Windows, can be set to the result of `GetProcessImageFileNameW`. | `/usr/bin/cmd/otelcol` | Conditionally Required: See alternative attributes below. |
| [`process.owner`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | string | The username of the user that owns the process. | `root` | Recommended |
| [`process.parent_pid`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | int | Parent Process identifier (PPID). | `111` | Recommended |
| [`process.pid`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | int | Process identifier (PID). | `1234` | Recommended |

**Additional attribute requirements:** At least one of the following sets of attributes is required:

* [`process.executable.name`](../attributes-registry/process.md)
* [`process.executable.path`](../attributes-registry/process.md)
* [`process.command`](../attributes-registry/process.md)
* [`process.command_line`](../attributes-registry/process.md)
* [`process.command_args`](../attributes-registry/process.md)
<!-- endsemconv -->

Between `process.command_args` and `process.command_line`, usually `process.command_args` should be preferred.
On Windows and other systems where the native format of process commands is a single string,
`process.command_line` can additionally (or instead) be used.

For backwards compatibility with older versions of this semantic convention,
it is possible but deprecated to use an array as type for `process.command_line`.
In that case it MUST be interpreted as if it was `process.command_args`.

## Process runtimes

**type:** `process.runtime`

**Description:** The single (language) runtime instance which is monitored.

<!-- semconv process.runtime -->
| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | Requirement Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`process.runtime.description`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | string | An additional description about the runtime of the process, for example a specific vendor customization of the runtime environment. | `Eclipse OpenJ9 Eclipse OpenJ9 VM openj9-0.21.0` | Recommended |
| [`process.runtime.name`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | string | The name of the runtime of this process. For compiled native binaries, this SHOULD be the name of the compiler. | `OpenJDK Runtime Environment` | Recommended |
| [`process.runtime.version`](../attributes-registry/process.md) | string | The version of the runtime of this process, as returned by the runtime without modification. | `14.0.2` | Recommended |
<!-- endsemconv -->

How to set these attributes for particular runtime kinds is described in the following subsections.

In addition to these attributes, [`telemetry.sdk.language`](README.md#telemetry-sdk) can be used to determine the general kind of runtime used.

### Erlang Runtimes

- `process.runtime.name` - The name of the Erlang VM being used, i.e., `erlang:system_info(machine)`.
- `process.runtime.version` -  The version of the runtime (ERTS - Erlang Runtime System), i.e., `erlang:system_info(version)`.
- `process.runtime.description` - string | An additional description about the runtime made by combining the OTP version, i.e., `erlang:system_info(otp_release)`, and ERTS version.

Example:

| `process.runtime.name` | `process.runtime.version` | `process.runtime.description` |
| --- | --- | --- |
| BEAM | 11.1 |  Erlang/OTP 23 erts-11.1 |

### Go Runtimes

Go Runtimes SHOULD fill in the as follows:

- `process.runtime.name` - Fill in an interpretation of Go's [`runtime.Compiler`](https://pkg.go.dev/runtime#Compiler) constant, according to the following rule:
  If the value is `gc`, fill in `go`. Otherwise, fill in the exact value of `runtime.Compiler`.

  This can be implemented with the following Go snippet:

  ```go
  import "runtime"
  
  func getRuntimeName() string {
    if runtime.Compiler == "gc" {
      return "go"
    }
    return runtime.Compiler
  }
  ```

- `process.runtime.version` - Fill in the exact value returned by `runtime.Version()`, i.e. `go1.17`.
- `process.runtime.description` - Use of this field is not recommended.

Examples for some Go compilers/runtimes:

| `process.runtime.name` | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `go` | Official Go compiler. Also known as `cmd/compile`. |
| `gccgo` | [gccgo](https://go.dev/doc/install/gccgo) is a Go [front end for GCC](https://gcc.gnu.org/frontends.html). |
| `tinygo` | [TinyGo](https://tinygo.org/) compiler. |

### Java runtimes

Java instrumentation SHOULD fill in the values by copying from system properties.

- `process.runtime.name` - Fill in the value of `java.runtime.name` as is
- `process.runtime.version` - Fill in the value of `java.runtime.version` as is
- `process.runtime.description` - Fill in the values of `java.vm.vendor`, `java.vm.name`, `java.vm.version`
  in that order, separated by spaces.

Examples for some Java runtimes

| Name | `process.runtime.name` | `process.runtime.version` | `process.runtime.description` |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| OpenJDK | OpenJDK Runtime Environment | 11.0.8+10 | Oracle Corporation OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10 |
| AdoptOpenJDK Eclipse J9 | OpenJDK Runtime Environment | 11.0.8+10 | Eclipse OpenJ9 Eclipse OpenJ9 VM openj9-0.21.0 |
| AdoptOpenJDK Hotspot | OpenJDK Runtime Environment | 11.0.8+10 | AdoptOpenJDK OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10 |
| SapMachine | OpenJDK Runtime Environment | 11.0.8+10-LTS-sapmachine | SAP SE OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM 11.0.8+10-LTS-sapmachine |
| Zulu OpenJDK | OpenJDK Runtime Environment | 11.0.8+10-LTS | Azul Systems, Inc OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM Zulu11.41+23-CA |
| Oracle Hotspot 8 (32 bit) | Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment | 1.8.0_221-b11 | Oracle Corporation Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM 25.221-b11 |
| IBM J9 8 | Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment | 8.0.5.25 - pwa6480sr5fp25-20181030_01(SR5 FP25) | IBM Corporation IBM J9 VM 2.9 |
| Android 11 | Android Runtime | 0.9 | The Android Project Dalvik 2.1.0 |

### JavaScript runtimes

JavaScript instrumentation SHOULD fill in the values by copying from built-in runtime constants.

- `process.runtime.name`:
  - When the runtime is Node.js, fill in the constant value `nodejs`.
  - When the runtime is Web Browser, fill in the constant value `browser`.
- `process.runtime.version`:
  - When the runtime is Node.js, fill in the value of `process.versions.node`.
  - When the runtime is Web Browser, fill in the value of `navigator.userAgent`.

Examples for some JavaScript runtimes

| Name | `process.runtime.name` | `process.runtime.version` |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Node.js | nodejs | 14.15.4 |
| Web Browser | browser | Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/97.0.4692.71 Safari/537.36 |

### .NET Runtimes

.NET instrumentation SHOULD fill in the values by following values:

- `process.runtime.name` - Fill in the value by the name of runtime.
- `process.runtime.version` - Fill in the value of `System.Environment.Version` for .NET,
  determine version based on the [registry values](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/framework/migration-guide/how-to-determine-which-versions-are-installed#query-the-registry-using-code)
  for .NET Framework
- `process.runtime.description` - Fill in the values of `System.Runtime.InteropServices.RuntimeInformation.FrameworkDescription`.

`process.runtime.name` has the following list of well-known values. If one of them applies, then the respective value SHOULD be used, otherwise a custom value SHOULD be used.

- .NET Framework
- .NET
- .NET Core
- .NET Native

Examples for some .NET runtimes

| Name | `process.runtime.name` | `process.runtime.version` | `process.runtime.description` |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| .NET Framework | .NET Framework | 4.8 | .NET Framework 4.8.9195.0 |
| .NET | .NET | 7.0.14 | .NET 7.0.14 |

### Python Runtimes

Python instrumentation SHOULD fill in the values as follows:

- `process.runtime.name` -
  Fill in the value of [`sys.implementation.name`][py_impl]
- `process.runtime.version` -
  Fill in the [`sys.implementation.version`][py_impl] values separated by dots.
  Leave out the release level and serial if the release level
  equals `final` and the serial equals zero
  (leave out either both or none).

  This can be implemented with the following Python snippet:

  ```python
  vinfo = sys.implementation.version
  result =  ".".join(map(
      str,
      vinfo[:3]
      if vinfo.releaselevel == "final" and not vinfo.serial
      else vinfo
  ))
  ```

- `process.runtime.description` - Fill in the value of [`sys.version`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.version) as-is.

[py_impl]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html#sys.implementation

Examples for some Python runtimes:

| Name | `process.runtime.name` | `process.runtime.version` | `process.runtime.description` |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| CPython 3.7.3 on Windows | cpython | 3.7.3 | 3.7.3 (v3.7.3:ef4ec6ed12, Mar 25 2019, 22:22:05) [MSC v.1916 64 bit (AMD64)] |
| CPython 3.8.6 on Linux | cpython | 3.8.6 | 3.8.6 (default, Sep 30 2020, 04:00:38) <br>[GCC 10.2.0] |
| PyPy 3 7.3.2 on Linux | pypy | 3.7.4 | 3.7.4 (?, Sep 27 2020, 15:12:26)<br>[PyPy 7.3.2-alpha0 with GCC 10.2.0] |

Note that on Linux, there is an actual newline in the `sys.version` string,
and the CPython string had a trailing space in the first line.

Pypy provided a CPython-compatible version in `sys.implementation.version` instead of the actual implementation version which is available in `sys.version`.

### Ruby Runtimes

Ruby instrumentation SHOULD fill in the values by copying from built-in runtime constants.

- `process.runtime.name` - Fill in the value of `RUBY_ENGINE` as is
- `process.runtime.version` - Fill in the value of `RUBY_VERSION` as is
- `process.runtime.description` - Fill in the value of `RUBY_DESCRIPTION` as is

Examples for some Ruby runtimes

| Name | `process.runtime.name` | `process.runtime.version` | `process.runtime.description` |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| MRI | ruby | 2.7.1 | ruby 2.7.1p83 (2020-03-31 revision a0c7c23c9c) [x86_64-darwin19] |
| TruffleRuby | truffleruby | 2.6.2 | truffleruby (Shopify) 20.0.0-dev-92ed3059, like ruby 2.6.2, GraalVM CE Native [x86_64-darwin] |

[DocumentStatus]: https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/tree/v1.26.0/specification/document-status.md
