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# Semantic Conventions for Microsoft Cosmos DB

**Status**: [Experimental][DocumentStatus]

The Semantic Conventions for [Microsoft Cosmos DB](https://azure.microsoft.com/products/cosmos-db/)
extend and override the [Database Semantic Conventions](database-spans.md)
that describe common database operations attributes in addition to the Semantic Conventions
described on this page.

## Attributes

`db.system` MUST be set to `"cosmosdb"`.

Cosmos DB instrumentation includes call-level (public API) surface spans and network spans. Depending on the connection mode (Gateway or Direct), network-level spans may also be created.

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| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`db.collection.name`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | string | Cosmos DB container name. [1] | `public.users`; `customers` | `Conditionally Required` if available | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`db.cosmosdb.connection_mode`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | string | Cosmos client connection mode. | `gateway`; `direct` | `Conditionally Required` if not `direct` (or pick gw as default) | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`db.cosmosdb.operation_type`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | string | CosmosDB Operation Type. | `Invalid`; `Create`; `Patch` | `Conditionally Required` when performing one of the operations in this list | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`db.cosmosdb.request_charge`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | double | RU consumed for that operation | `46.18`; `1.0` | `Conditionally Required` when available | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`db.cosmosdb.status_code`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | int | Cosmos DB status code. | `200`; `201` | `Conditionally Required` if response was received | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`db.cosmosdb.sub_status_code`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | int | Cosmos DB sub status code. | `1000`; `1002` | `Conditionally Required` when response was received and contained sub-code. | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`db.namespace`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | string | The name of the database, fully qualified within the server address and port. | `customers`; `test.users` | `Conditionally Required` If available. | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`db.operation.name`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | string | The name of the operation or command being executed. [2] | `findAndModify`; `HMSET`; `SELECT` | `Conditionally Required` [3] | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`error.type`](/docs/attributes-registry/error.md) | string | Describes a class of error the operation ended with. [4] | `timeout`; `java.net.UnknownHostException`; `server_certificate_invalid`; `500` | `Conditionally Required` If and only if the operation failed. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`server.port`](/docs/attributes-registry/server.md) | int | Server port number. [5] | `80`; `8080`; `443` | `Conditionally Required` [6] | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`db.cosmosdb.client_id`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | string | Unique Cosmos client instance id. | `3ba4827d-4422-483f-b59f-85b74211c11d` | `Recommended` | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`db.cosmosdb.request_content_length`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | int | Request payload size in bytes |  | `Recommended` | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`db.query.text`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | string | The database query being executed. [7] | `SELECT * FROM wuser_table where username = ?`; `SET mykey "WuValue"` | `Recommended` [8] | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| [`server.address`](/docs/attributes-registry/server.md) | string | Name of the database host. [9] | `example.com`; `10.1.2.80`; `/tmp/my.sock` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`user_agent.original`](/docs/attributes-registry/user-agent.md) | string | Full user-agent string is generated by Cosmos DB SDK [10] | `cosmos-netstandard-sdk/3.23.0\|3.23.1\|1\|X64\|Linux 5.4.0-1098-azure 104 18\|.NET Core 3.1.32\|S\|` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`db.query.parameter.<key>`](/docs/attributes-registry/db.md) | string | A query parameter used in `db.query.text`, with `<key>` being the parameter name, and the attribute value being a string representation of the parameter value. [11] | `someval`; `55` | `Opt-In` | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |

**[1]:** It is RECOMMENDED to capture the value as provided by the application without attempting to do any case normalization.
If the collection name is parsed from the query text, it SHOULD be the first collection name found in the query and it SHOULD match the value provided in the query text including any schema and database name prefix.
For batch operations, if the individual operations are known to have the same collection name then that collection name SHOULD be used, otherwise `db.collection.name` SHOULD NOT be captured.

**[2]:** It is RECOMMENDED to capture the value as provided by the application without attempting to do any case normalization.
If the operation name is parsed from the query text, it SHOULD be the first operation name found in the query.
For batch operations, if the individual operations are known to have the same operation name then that operation name SHOULD be used prepended by `BATCH `, otherwise `db.operation.name` SHOULD be `BATCH` or some other database system specific term if more applicable.

**[3]:** If readily available. The operation name MAY be parsed from the query text, in which case it SHOULD be the first operation name found in the query.

**[4]:** The `error.type` SHOULD match the error code returned by the database or the client library, the canonical name of exception that occurred, or another low-cardinality error identifier. Instrumentations SHOULD document the list of errors they report.

**[5]:** When observed from the client side, and when communicating through an intermediary, `server.port` SHOULD represent the server port behind any intermediaries, for example proxies, if it's available.

**[6]:** If using a port other than the default port for this DBMS and if `server.address` is set.

**[7]:** For sanitization see [Sanitization of `db.query.text`](../../docs/database/database-spans.md#sanitization-of-dbquerytext).
For batch operations, if the individual operations are known to have the same query text then that query text SHOULD be used, otherwise all of the individual query texts SHOULD be concatenated with separator `; ` or some other database system specific separator if more applicable.
Even though parameterized query text can potentially have sensitive data, by using a parameterized query the user is giving a strong signal that any sensitive data will be passed as parameter values, and the benefit to observability of capturing the static part of the query text by default outweighs the risk.

**[8]:** SHOULD be collected by default only if there is sanitization that excludes sensitive information. See [Sanitization of `db.query.text`](../../docs/database/database-spans.md#sanitization-of-dbquerytext).

**[9]:** When observed from the client side, and when communicating through an intermediary, `server.address` SHOULD represent the server address behind any intermediaries, for example proxies, if it's available.

**[10]:** The user-agent value is generated by SDK which is a combination of<br> `sdk_version` : Current version of SDK. e.g. 'cosmos-netstandard-sdk/3.23.0'<br> `direct_pkg_version` : Direct package version used by Cosmos DB SDK. e.g. '3.23.1'<br> `number_of_client_instances` : Number of cosmos client instances created by the application. e.g. '1'<br> `type_of_machine_architecture` : Machine architecture. e.g. 'X64'<br> `operating_system` : Operating System. e.g. 'Linux 5.4.0-1098-azure 104 18'<br> `runtime_framework` : Runtime Framework. e.g. '.NET Core 3.1.32'<br> `failover_information` : Generated key to determine if region failover enabled.
   Format Reg-{D (Disabled discovery)}-S(application region)|L(List of preferred regions)|N(None, user did not configure it).
   Default value is "NS".

**[11]:** Query parameters should only be captured when `db.query.text` is parameterized with placeholders.
If a parameter has no name and instead is referenced only by index, then `<key>` SHOULD be the 0-based index.



`db.cosmosdb.connection_mode` has the following list of well-known values. If one of them applies, then the respective value MUST be used; otherwise, a custom value MAY be used.

| Value  | Description | Stability |
|---|---|---|
| `direct` | Direct connection. | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `gateway` | Gateway (HTTP) connections mode | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |


`db.cosmosdb.operation_type` has the following list of well-known values. If one of them applies, then the respective value MUST be used; otherwise, a custom value MAY be used.

| Value  | Description | Stability |
|---|---|---|
| `Batch` | batch | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `Create` | create | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `Delete` | delete | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `Execute` | execute | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `ExecuteJavaScript` | execute_javascript | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `Head` | head | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `HeadFeed` | head_feed | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `Invalid` | invalid | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `Patch` | patch | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `Query` | query | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `QueryPlan` | query_plan | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `Read` | read | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `ReadFeed` | read_feed | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `Replace` | replace | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |
| `Upsert` | upsert | ![Experimental](https://img.shields.io/badge/-experimental-blue) |


`error.type` has the following list of well-known values. If one of them applies, then the respective value MUST be used; otherwise, a custom value MAY be used.

| Value  | Description | Stability |
|---|---|---|
| `_OTHER` | A fallback error value to be used when the instrumentation doesn't define a custom value. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |



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In addition to Cosmos DB attributes, all spans include
`az.namespace` attribute representing Azure Resource Provider namespace that MUST be equal to `Microsoft.DocumentDB`.

## Example

| Key                                  | Value |
|:-------------------------------------| :------------------- |
| Span name                            | `"ReadItemsAsync orders"` |
| `kind`                               | `"internal"` |
| `az.namespace`                       | `"Microsoft.DocumentDB"` |
| `db.system`                          | `"cosmosdb"` |
| `db.collection.name`                 | `"orders"` |
| `db.namespace`                       | `"ShopDb"` |
| `db.operation.name`                  | `"ReadItemsAsync"` |
| `server.address`                     | `"account.documents.azure.com"` |
| `db.cosmosdb.client_id`              | `3ba4827d-4422-483f-b59f-85b74211c11d` |
| `db.cosmosdb.operation_type`         | `Read` |
| `user_agent.original`                | `cosmos-netstandard-sdk/3.23.0\|3.23.1\|1\|X64\|Linux 5.4.0-1098-azure 104 18\|.NET Core 3.1.32\|S\|` |
| `db.cosmosdb.connection_mode`        | `"Direct"` |
| `db.cosmosdb.request_content_length` | `20` |
| `db.cosmosdb.status_code`            | `201` |
| `db.cosmosdb.sub_status_code`        | `0` |
| `db.cosmosdb.request_charge`         | `7.43` |

[DocumentStatus]: https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/document-status
