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# Semantic conventions for JVM metrics

**Status**: [Mixed][DocumentStatus]

This document describes semantic conventions for JVM metrics in OpenTelemetry.

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- [JVM memory](#jvm-memory)
  - [Metric: `jvm.memory.used`](#metric-jvmmemoryused)
  - [Metric: `jvm.memory.committed`](#metric-jvmmemorycommitted)
  - [Metric: `jvm.memory.limit`](#metric-jvmmemorylimit)
  - [Metric: `jvm.memory.used_after_last_gc`](#metric-jvmmemoryused_after_last_gc)
- [JVM garbage collection](#jvm-garbage-collection)
  - [Metric: `jvm.gc.duration`](#metric-jvmgcduration)
- [JVM threads](#jvm-threads)
  - [Metric: `jvm.thread.count`](#metric-jvmthreadcount)
- [JVM classes](#jvm-classes)
  - [Metric: `jvm.class.loaded`](#metric-jvmclassloaded)
  - [Metric: `jvm.class.unloaded`](#metric-jvmclassunloaded)
  - [Metric: `jvm.class.count`](#metric-jvmclasscount)
- [JVM CPU](#jvm-cpu)
  - [Metric: `jvm.cpu.time`](#metric-jvmcputime)
  - [Metric: `jvm.cpu.count`](#metric-jvmcpucount)
  - [Metric: `jvm.cpu.recent_utilization`](#metric-jvmcpurecent_utilization)
- [Development](#development)
  - [Metric: `jvm.memory.init`](#metric-jvmmemoryinit)
  - [Metric: `jvm.system.cpu.utilization`](#metric-jvmsystemcpuutilization)
  - [Metric: `jvm.system.cpu.load_1m`](#metric-jvmsystemcpuload_1m)
  - [Metric: `jvm.buffer.memory.used`](#metric-jvmbuffermemoryused)
  - [Metric: `jvm.buffer.memory.limit`](#metric-jvmbuffermemorylimit)
  - [Metric: `jvm.buffer.count`](#metric-jvmbuffercount)
  - [Metric: `jvm.file_descriptor.count`](#metric-jvmfile_descriptorcount)

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## JVM memory

**Status**: [Stable][DocumentStatus]

**Description:** Java Virtual Machine (JVM) metrics captured under the namespace `jvm.memory.*`

### Metric: `jvm.memory.used`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`MemoryPoolMXBean#getUsage()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/MemoryPoolMXBean.html#getUsage--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.memory.used` | UpDownCounter | `By` | Measure of memory used. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`jvm.memory.pool.name`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the memory pool. [1] | `G1 Old Gen`; `G1 Eden space`; `G1 Survivor Space` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`jvm.memory.type`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | The type of memory. | `heap`; `non_heap` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

**[1] `jvm.memory.pool.name`:** Pool names are generally obtained via [MemoryPoolMXBean#getName()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.management/java/lang/management/MemoryPoolMXBean.html#getName()).

---

`jvm.memory.type` has the following list of well-known values. If one of them applies, then the respective value MUST be used; otherwise, a custom value MAY be used.

| Value  | Description | Stability |
|---|---|---|
| `heap` | Heap memory. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| `non_heap` | Non-heap memory | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

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### Metric: `jvm.memory.committed`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`MemoryPoolMXBean#getUsage()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/MemoryPoolMXBean.html#getUsage--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.memory.committed` | UpDownCounter | `By` | Measure of memory committed. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`jvm.memory.pool.name`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the memory pool. [1] | `G1 Old Gen`; `G1 Eden space`; `G1 Survivor Space` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`jvm.memory.type`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | The type of memory. | `heap`; `non_heap` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

**[1] `jvm.memory.pool.name`:** Pool names are generally obtained via [MemoryPoolMXBean#getName()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.management/java/lang/management/MemoryPoolMXBean.html#getName()).

---

`jvm.memory.type` has the following list of well-known values. If one of them applies, then the respective value MUST be used; otherwise, a custom value MAY be used.

| Value  | Description | Stability |
|---|---|---|
| `heap` | Heap memory. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| `non_heap` | Non-heap memory | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

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### Metric: `jvm.memory.limit`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`MemoryPoolMXBean#getUsage()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/MemoryPoolMXBean.html#getUsage--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.memory.limit` | UpDownCounter | `By` | Measure of max obtainable memory. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`jvm.memory.pool.name`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the memory pool. [1] | `G1 Old Gen`; `G1 Eden space`; `G1 Survivor Space` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`jvm.memory.type`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | The type of memory. | `heap`; `non_heap` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

**[1] `jvm.memory.pool.name`:** Pool names are generally obtained via [MemoryPoolMXBean#getName()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.management/java/lang/management/MemoryPoolMXBean.html#getName()).

---

`jvm.memory.type` has the following list of well-known values. If one of them applies, then the respective value MUST be used; otherwise, a custom value MAY be used.

| Value  | Description | Stability |
|---|---|---|
| `heap` | Heap memory. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| `non_heap` | Non-heap memory | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

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### Metric: `jvm.memory.used_after_last_gc`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`MemoryPoolMXBean#getCollectionUsage()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/MemoryPoolMXBean.html#getCollectionUsage--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.memory.used_after_last_gc` | UpDownCounter | `By` | Measure of memory used, as measured after the most recent garbage collection event on this pool. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`jvm.memory.pool.name`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the memory pool. [1] | `G1 Old Gen`; `G1 Eden space`; `G1 Survivor Space` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`jvm.memory.type`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | The type of memory. | `heap`; `non_heap` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

**[1] `jvm.memory.pool.name`:** Pool names are generally obtained via [MemoryPoolMXBean#getName()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.management/java/lang/management/MemoryPoolMXBean.html#getName()).

---

`jvm.memory.type` has the following list of well-known values. If one of them applies, then the respective value MUST be used; otherwise, a custom value MAY be used.

| Value  | Description | Stability |
|---|---|---|
| `heap` | Heap memory. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| `non_heap` | Non-heap memory | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

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## JVM garbage collection

**Status**: [Stable][DocumentStatus]

**Description:** Java Virtual Machine (JVM) metrics captured under the namespace `jvm.gc.*`

### Metric: `jvm.gc.duration`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained by subscribing to
[`GarbageCollectionNotificationInfo`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/jre/api/management/extension/com/sun/management/GarbageCollectionNotificationInfo.html) events provided by [`GarbageCollectorMXBean`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/GarbageCollectorMXBean.html). The duration value is obtained from [`GcInfo`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/jre/api/management/extension/com/sun/management/GcInfo.html#getDuration--)

This metric SHOULD be specified with
[`ExplicitBucketBoundaries`](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-specification/tree/v1.48.0/specification/metrics/api.md#instrument-advisory-parameters)
of `[ 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 ]`.

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.gc.duration` | Histogram | `s` | Duration of JVM garbage collection actions. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`jvm.gc.action`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the garbage collector action. [1] | `end of minor GC`; `end of major GC` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`jvm.gc.name`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the garbage collector. [2] | `G1 Young Generation`; `G1 Old Generation` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`jvm.gc.cause`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the garbage collector cause. [3] | `System.gc()`; `Allocation Failure` | `Opt-In` | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |

**[1] `jvm.gc.action`:** Garbage collector action is generally obtained via [GarbageCollectionNotificationInfo#getGcAction()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/jdk.management/com/sun/management/GarbageCollectionNotificationInfo.html#getGcAction()).

**[2] `jvm.gc.name`:** Garbage collector name is generally obtained via [GarbageCollectionNotificationInfo#getGcName()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/jdk.management/com/sun/management/GarbageCollectionNotificationInfo.html#getGcName()).

**[3] `jvm.gc.cause`:** Garbage collector cause is generally obtained via [GarbageCollectionNotificationInfo#getGcCause()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/jdk.management/com/sun/management/GarbageCollectionNotificationInfo.html#getGcCause()).

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## JVM threads

**Status**: [Stable][DocumentStatus]

**Description:** Java Virtual Machine (JVM) metrics captured under the namespace `jvm.thread.*`

### Metric: `jvm.thread.count`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from a combination of

* [`ThreadMXBean#getAllThreadIds()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/ThreadMXBean.html#getAllThreadIds--)
* [`ThreadMXBean#getThreadInfo()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/ThreadMXBean.html#getThreadInfo-long:A-)
* [`ThreadInfo#getThreadState()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/ThreadInfo.html#getThreadState--)
* [`ThreadInfo#isDaemon()`](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.management/java/lang/management/ThreadInfo.html#isDaemon()) (requires Java 9+)

Note that this is the number of platform threads (as opposed to virtual threads).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.thread.count` | UpDownCounter | `{thread}` | Number of executing platform threads. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`jvm.thread.daemon`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | boolean | Whether the thread is daemon or not. |  | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`jvm.thread.state`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | State of the thread. | `runnable`; `blocked` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

---

`jvm.thread.state` has the following list of well-known values. If one of them applies, then the respective value MUST be used; otherwise, a custom value MAY be used.

| Value  | Description | Stability |
|---|---|---|
| `blocked` | A thread that is blocked waiting for a monitor lock is in this state. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| `new` | A thread that has not yet started is in this state. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| `runnable` | A thread executing in the Java virtual machine is in this state. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| `terminated` | A thread that has exited is in this state. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| `timed_waiting` | A thread that is waiting for another thread to perform an action for up to a specified waiting time is in this state. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| `waiting` | A thread that is waiting indefinitely for another thread to perform a particular action is in this state. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

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## JVM classes

**Status**: [Stable][DocumentStatus]

**Description:** Java Virtual Machine (JVM) metrics captured under the namespace `jvm.class.*`

### Metric: `jvm.class.loaded`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`ClassLoadingMXBean#getTotalLoadedClassCount()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/ClassLoadingMXBean.html#getTotalLoadedClassCount--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.class.loaded` | Counter | `{class}` | Number of classes loaded since JVM start. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

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### Metric: `jvm.class.unloaded`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`ClassLoadingMXBean#getUnloadedClassCount()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/ClassLoadingMXBean.html#getUnloadedClassCount--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.class.unloaded` | Counter | `{class}` | Number of classes unloaded since JVM start. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

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### Metric: `jvm.class.count`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`ClassLoadingMXBean#getLoadedClassCount()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/ClassLoadingMXBean.html#getLoadedClassCount--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.class.count` | UpDownCounter | `{class}` | Number of classes currently loaded. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

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## JVM CPU

**Status**: [Stable][DocumentStatus]

**Description:** Java Virtual Machine (JVM) metrics captured under the namespace `jvm.cpu.*`

### Metric: `jvm.cpu.time`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].

This metric is obtained from [`com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean#getProcessCpuTime()`](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/jdk.management/com/sun/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getProcessCpuTime()) on HotSpot
and [`com.ibm.lang.management.OperatingSystemMXBean#getProcessCpuTime()`](https://www.ibm.com/docs/api/v1/content/SSYKE2_8.0.0/openj9/api/jdk8/jre/management/extension/com/ibm/lang/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getProcessCpuTime--) on OpenJ9.

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.cpu.time` | Counter | `s` | CPU time used by the process as reported by the JVM. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

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### Metric: `jvm.cpu.count`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`Runtime#availableProcessors()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Runtime.html#availableProcessors--).
Note that this is always an integer value (i.e. fractional or millicores are not represented).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.cpu.count` | UpDownCounter | `{cpu}` | Number of processors available to the Java virtual machine. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

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### Metric: `jvm.cpu.recent_utilization`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean#getProcessCpuLoad()`](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/jdk.management/com/sun/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getProcessCpuLoad()) on HotSpot
and [`com.ibm.lang.management.OperatingSystemMXBean#getProcessCpuLoad()`](https://www.ibm.com/docs/api/v1/content/SSYKE2_8.0.0/openj9/api/jdk8/jre/management/extension/com/ibm/lang/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getProcessCpuLoad--) on OpenJ9.
Note that the JVM does not provide a definition of what "recent" means.

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.cpu.recent_utilization` | Gauge | `1` | Recent CPU utilization for the process as reported by the JVM. [1] | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |  |

**[1]:** The value range is [0.0,1.0]. This utilization is not defined as being for the specific interval since last measurement (unlike `system.cpu.utilization`). [Reference](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/jdk.management/com/sun/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getProcessCpuLoad()).

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## Development

**Status**: [Development][DocumentStatus]

**Description:** In-development Java Virtual Machine (JVM) metrics captured under `jvm.`

### Metric: `jvm.memory.init`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`MemoryPoolMXBean#getUsage()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/MemoryPoolMXBean.html#getUsage--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.memory.init` | UpDownCounter | `By` | Measure of initial memory requested. | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |  |

| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`jvm.memory.pool.name`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the memory pool. [1] | `G1 Old Gen`; `G1 Eden space`; `G1 Survivor Space` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| [`jvm.memory.type`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | The type of memory. | `heap`; `non_heap` | `Recommended` | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

**[1] `jvm.memory.pool.name`:** Pool names are generally obtained via [MemoryPoolMXBean#getName()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.management/java/lang/management/MemoryPoolMXBean.html#getName()).

---

`jvm.memory.type` has the following list of well-known values. If one of them applies, then the respective value MUST be used; otherwise, a custom value MAY be used.

| Value  | Description | Stability |
|---|---|---|
| `heap` | Heap memory. | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |
| `non_heap` | Non-heap memory | ![Stable](https://img.shields.io/badge/-stable-lightgreen) |

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### Metric: `jvm.system.cpu.utilization`

This metric is [Opt-In][MetricOptIn].
This metric is obtained from [`com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean#getSystemCpuLoad()`](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/jdk.management/com/sun/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getSystemCpuLoad()) on Java version 8..13, [`com.sun.management.OperatingSystemMXBean#getCpuLoad()`](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/jdk.management/com/sun/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getCpuLoad()) on Java version 14+,
and [`com.ibm.lang.management.OperatingSystemMXBean#getSystemCpuLoad()`](https://www.ibm.com/docs/api/v1/content/SSYKE2_8.0.0/openj9/api/jdk8/jre/management/extension/com/ibm/lang/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html) on OpenJ9.

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.system.cpu.utilization` | Gauge | `1` | Recent CPU utilization for the whole system as reported by the JVM. [1] | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |  |

**[1]:** The value range is [0.0,1.0]. This utilization is not defined as being for the specific interval since last measurement (unlike `system.cpu.utilization`). [Reference](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/jdk.management/com/sun/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getCpuLoad()).

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### Metric: `jvm.system.cpu.load_1m`

This metric is [Opt-In][MetricOptIn].
This metric is obtained from [`OperatingSystemMXBean#getSystemLoadAverage()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getSystemLoadAverage--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.system.cpu.load_1m` | Gauge | `{run_queue_item}` | Average CPU load of the whole system for the last minute as reported by the JVM. [1] | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |  |

**[1]:** The value range is [0,n], where n is the number of CPU cores - or a negative number if the value is not available. This utilization is not defined as being for the specific interval since last measurement (unlike `system.cpu.utilization`). [Reference](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/java.management/java/lang/management/OperatingSystemMXBean.html#getSystemLoadAverage()).

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### Metric: `jvm.buffer.memory.used`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`BufferPoolMXBean#getMemoryUsed()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/BufferPoolMXBean.html#getMemoryUsed--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.buffer.memory.used` | UpDownCounter | `By` | Measure of memory used by buffers. | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |  |

| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`jvm.buffer.pool.name`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the buffer pool. [1] | `mapped`; `direct` | `Recommended` | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |

**[1] `jvm.buffer.pool.name`:** Pool names are generally obtained via [BufferPoolMXBean#getName()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.management/java/lang/management/BufferPoolMXBean.html#getName()).

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### Metric: `jvm.buffer.memory.limit`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`BufferPoolMXBean#getTotalCapacity()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/BufferPoolMXBean.html#getTotalCapacity--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.buffer.memory.limit` | UpDownCounter | `By` | Measure of total memory capacity of buffers. | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |  |

| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`jvm.buffer.pool.name`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the buffer pool. [1] | `mapped`; `direct` | `Recommended` | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |

**[1] `jvm.buffer.pool.name`:** Pool names are generally obtained via [BufferPoolMXBean#getName()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.management/java/lang/management/BufferPoolMXBean.html#getName()).

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### Metric: `jvm.buffer.count`

This metric is [recommended][MetricRecommended].
This metric is obtained from [`BufferPoolMXBean#getCount()`](https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/management/BufferPoolMXBean.html#getCount--).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.buffer.count` | UpDownCounter | `{buffer}` | Number of buffers in the pool. | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |  |

| Attribute  | Type | Description  | Examples  | [Requirement Level](https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/semconv/general/attribute-requirement-level/) | Stability |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [`jvm.buffer.pool.name`](/docs/registry/attributes/jvm.md) | string | Name of the buffer pool. [1] | `mapped`; `direct` | `Recommended` | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |

**[1] `jvm.buffer.pool.name`:** Pool names are generally obtained via [BufferPoolMXBean#getName()](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/11/docs/api/java.management/java/lang/management/BufferPoolMXBean.html#getName()).

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### Metric: `jvm.file_descriptor.count`

This metric is [Opt-In][MetricOptIn].
This metric is obtained from [`UnixOperatingSystemMXBean#getOpenFileDescriptorCount()`](https://docs.oracle.com/en/java/javase/17/docs/api/jdk.management/com/sun/management/UnixOperatingSystemMXBean.html#getOpenFileDescriptorCount()).

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| Name     | Instrument Type | Unit (UCUM) | Description    | Stability | Entity Associations |
| -------- | --------------- | ----------- | -------------- | --------- | ------ |
| `jvm.file_descriptor.count` | UpDownCounter | `{file_descriptor}` | Number of open file descriptors as reported by the JVM. | ![Development](https://img.shields.io/badge/-development-blue) |  |

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[DocumentStatus]: https://opentelemetry.io/docs/specs/otel/document-status
[MetricOptIn]: /docs/general/metric-requirement-level.md#opt-in
[MetricRecommended]: /docs/general/metric-requirement-level.md#recommended
