diff --git a/txnkv/transaction/2pc.go b/txnkv/transaction/2pc.go
index 02a51730..03a3e301 100644
--- a/txnkv/transaction/2pc.go
+++ b/txnkv/transaction/2pc.go
@@ -458,9 +458,11 @@ func newTwoPhaseCommitter(txn *KVTxn, sessionID uint64) (*twoPhaseCommitter, err
 }
 
 func (c *twoPhaseCommitter) extractKeyExistsErr(err *tikverr.ErrKeyExist) error {
+	c.txn.GetMemBuffer().RLock()
 	if !c.txn.us.HasPresumeKeyNotExists(err.GetKey()) {
 		return errors.Errorf("session %d, existErr for key:%s should not be nil", c.sessionID, err.GetKey())
 	}
+	c.txn.GetMemBuffer().RUnlock()
 	return errors.WithStack(err)
 }
 
diff --git a/txnkv/transaction/pessimistic.go b/txnkv/transaction/pessimistic.go
index 7aae990a..9a3f993e 100644
--- a/txnkv/transaction/pessimistic.go
+++ b/txnkv/transaction/pessimistic.go
@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ func (actionPessimisticRollback) tiKVTxnRegionsNumHistogram() prometheus.Observe
 func (action actionPessimisticLock) handleSingleBatch(c *twoPhaseCommitter, bo *retry.Backoffer, batch batchMutations) error {
 	m := batch.mutations
 	mutations := make([]*kvrpcpb.Mutation, m.Len())
+	c.txn.GetMemBuffer().RLock()
 	for i := 0; i < m.Len(); i++ {
 		mut := &kvrpcpb.Mutation{
 			Op:  kvrpcpb.Op_PessimisticLock,
@@ -96,6 +97,7 @@ func (action actionPessimisticLock) handleSingleBatch(c *twoPhaseCommitter, bo *
 		}
 		mutations[i] = mut
 	}
+	c.txn.GetMemBuffer().RUnlock()
 	req := tikvrpc.NewRequest(tikvrpc.CmdPessimisticLock, &kvrpcpb.PessimisticLockRequest{
 		Mutations:        mutations,
 		PrimaryLock:      c.primary(),
diff --git a/txnkv/transaction/txn.go b/txnkv/transaction/txn.go
index f60b0ed3..36fd1541 100644
--- a/txnkv/transaction/txn.go
+++ b/txnkv/transaction/txn.go
@@ -627,7 +627,10 @@ func (txn *KVTxn) LockKeys(ctx context.Context, lockCtx *tikv.LockCtx, keysInput
 			}
 		}
 	}()
+
 	memBuf := txn.us.GetMemBuffer()
+	// Avoid data race with concurrent updates to the memBuf
+	memBuf.RLock()
 	for _, key := range keysInput {
 		// The value of lockedMap is only used by pessimistic transactions.
 		var valueExist, locked, checkKeyExists bool
@@ -642,6 +645,7 @@ func (txn *KVTxn) LockKeys(ctx context.Context, lockCtx *tikv.LockCtx, keysInput
 			if checkKeyExists && valueExist {
 				alreadyExist := kvrpcpb.AlreadyExist{Key: key}
 				e := &tikverr.ErrKeyExist{AlreadyExist: &alreadyExist}
+				memBuf.RUnlock()
 				return txn.committer.extractKeyExistsErr(e)
 			}
 		}
@@ -651,6 +655,8 @@ func (txn *KVTxn) LockKeys(ctx context.Context, lockCtx *tikv.LockCtx, keysInput
 			lockCtx.Values[string(key)] = tikv.ReturnedValue{AlreadyLocked: true}
 		}
 	}
+	memBuf.RUnlock()
+
 	if len(keys) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -717,11 +723,18 @@ func (txn *KVTxn) LockKeys(ctx context.Context, lockCtx *tikv.LockCtx, keysInput
 			atomic.CompareAndSwapUint32(lockCtx.Killed, 1, 0)
 		}
 		if err != nil {
+			var unmarkKeys [][]byte
+			// Avoid data race with concurrent updates to the memBuf
+			memBuf.RLock()
 			for _, key := range keys {
 				if txn.us.HasPresumeKeyNotExists(key) {
-					txn.us.UnmarkPresumeKeyNotExists(key)
+					unmarkKeys = append(unmarkKeys, key)
 				}
 			}
+			memBuf.RUnlock()
+			for _, key := range unmarkKeys {
+				txn.us.UnmarkPresumeKeyNotExists(key)
+			}
 			keyMayBeLocked := !(tikverr.IsErrWriteConflict(err) || tikverr.IsErrKeyExist(err))
 			// If there is only 1 key and lock fails, no need to do pessimistic rollback.
 			if len(keys) > 1 || keyMayBeLocked {