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docs/content/v1.19/guides/vault-injection.md

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Vault Credential Injection 230

This guide is adapted from the Vault on Minikube and Vault Kubernetes Sidecar guides.

Most Crossplane providers support supplying credentials from at least the following sources:

  • Kubernetes Secret
  • Environment Variable
  • Filesystem

A provider may optionally support additional credentials sources, but the common sources cover a wide variety of use cases. One specific use case that's popular among organizations that use Vault for secrets management is using a sidecar to inject credentials into the filesystem. This guide will demonstrate how to use the Vault Kubernetes Sidecar to provide credentials for provider-gcp and provider-aws.

Note: in this guide we will copy GCP credentials and AWS access keys into Vault's KV secrets engine. This is a generic approach to managing secrets with Vault, but isn't as robust as using Vault's dedicated cloud provider secrets engines for AWS, Azure, and GCP.

Setup

Note: this guide walks through setting up Vault running in the same cluster as Crossplane. You may also choose to use an existing Vault instance that runs outside the cluster but has Kubernetes authentication enabled.

Before getting started, you must ensure that you have installed Crossplane and Vault and that they're running in your cluster.

  1. Install Crossplane
kubectl create namespace crossplane-system

helm repo add crossplane-stable https://charts.crossplane.io/stable
helm repo update

helm install crossplane --namespace crossplane-system crossplane-stable/crossplane
  1. Install Vault Helm Chart
helm repo add hashicorp https://helm.releases.hashicorp.com
helm install vault hashicorp/vault
  1. Unseal Vault Instance

In order for Vault to access encrypted data from physical storage, it must be unsealed.

kubectl exec vault-0 -- vault operator init -key-shares=1 -key-threshold=1 -format=json > cluster-keys.json
VAULT_UNSEAL_KEY=$(cat cluster-keys.json | jq -r ".unseal_keys_b64[]")
kubectl exec vault-0 -- vault operator unseal $VAULT_UNSEAL_KEY
  1. Enable Kubernetes Authentication Method

In order for Vault to be able to authenticate requests based on Kubernetes service accounts, the Kubernetes authentication method must be enabled. This requires logging in to Vault and configuring it with a service account token, API server address, and certificate. Because we're running Vault in Kubernetes, these values are already available via the container filesystem and environment variables.

cat cluster-keys.json | jq -r ".root_token" # get root token

kubectl exec -it vault-0 -- /bin/sh
vault login # use root token from above
vault auth enable kubernetes

vault write auth/kubernetes/config \
        token_reviewer_jwt="$(cat /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token)" \
        kubernetes_host="https://$KUBERNETES_PORT_443_TCP_ADDR:443" \
        kubernetes_ca_cert=@/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
  1. Exit Vault Container

The next steps will be executed in your local environment.

exit

{{< tabs >}} {{< tab "GCP" >}}

Create GCP Service Account

In order to provision infrastructure on GCP, you will need to create a service account with appropriate permissions. In this guide we will only provision a CloudSQL instance, so the service account will be bound to the cloudsql.admin role. The following steps will setup a GCP service account, give it the necessary permissions for Crossplane to be able to manage CloudSQL instances, and emit the service account credentials in a JSON file.

# replace this with your own gcp project id and the name of the service account
# that will be created.
PROJECT_ID=my-project
NEW_SA_NAME=test-service-account-name

# create service account
SA="${NEW_SA_NAME}@${PROJECT_ID}.iam.gserviceaccount.com"
gcloud iam service-accounts create $NEW_SA_NAME --project $PROJECT_ID

# enable cloud API
SERVICE="sqladmin.googleapis.com"
gcloud services enable $SERVICE --project $PROJECT_ID

# grant access to cloud API
ROLE="roles/cloudsql.admin"
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding --role="$ROLE" $PROJECT_ID --member "serviceAccount:$SA"

# create service account keyfile
gcloud iam service-accounts keys create creds.json --project $PROJECT_ID --iam-account $SA

You should now have valid service account credentials in creds.json.

Store Credentials in Vault

After setting up Vault, you will need to store your credentials in the kv secrets engine.

Note: the steps below involve copying credentials into the container filesystem before storing them in Vault. You may also choose to use Vault's HTTP API or UI by port forwarding the container to your local environment (kubectl port-forward vault-0 8200:8200).

  1. Copy Credentials File into Vault Container

Copy your credentials into the container filesystem so that your can store them in Vault.

kubectl cp creds.json vault-0:/tmp/creds.json
  1. Enable KV Secrets Engine

Secrets engines must be enabled before they can be used. Enable the kv-v2 secrets engine at the secret path.

kubectl exec -it vault-0 -- /bin/sh

vault secrets enable -path=secret kv-v2
  1. Store GCP Credentials in KV Engine

The path of your GCP credentials is how the secret will be referenced when injecting it into the provider-gcp controller Pod.

vault kv put secret/provider-creds/gcp-default @tmp/creds.json
  1. Clean Up Credentials File

You no longer need our GCP credentials file in the container filesystem, so go ahead and clean it up.

rm tmp/creds.json

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab "AWS" >}}

Create AWS IAM User

In order to provision infrastructure on AWS, you will need to use an existing or create a new IAM user with appropriate permissions. The following steps will create an AWS IAM user and give it the necessary permissions.

Note: if you have an existing IAM user with appropriate permissions, you can skip this step but you will still need to provide the values for the ACCESS_KEY_ID and AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY environment variables.

# create a new IAM user
IAM_USER=test-user
aws iam create-user --user-name $IAM_USER

# grant the IAM user the necessary permissions
aws iam attach-user-policy --user-name $IAM_USER --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonS3FullAccess

# create a new IAM access key for the user
aws iam create-access-key --user-name $IAM_USER > creds.json
# assign the access key values to environment variables
ACCESS_KEY_ID=$(jq -r .AccessKey.AccessKeyId creds.json)
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=$(jq -r .AccessKey.SecretAccessKey creds.json)

Store Credentials in Vault

After setting up Vault, you will need to store your credentials in the kv secrets engine.

  1. Enable KV Secrets Engine

Secrets engines must be enabled before they can be used. Enable the kv-v2 secrets engine at the secret path.

kubectl exec -it vault-0 -- env \
  ACCESS_KEY_ID=${ACCESS_KEY_ID} \
  AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=${AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY} \
  /bin/sh

vault secrets enable -path=secret kv-v2
  1. Store AWS Credentials in KV Engine

The path of your AWS credentials is how the secret will be referenced when injecting it into the provider-aws controller Pod.

vault kv put secret/provider-creds/aws-default access_key="$ACCESS_KEY_ID" secret_key="$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"

{{< /tab >}} {{< /tabs >}}

Create a Vault Policy for Reading Provider Credentials

In order for our controllers to have the Vault sidecar inject the credentials into their filesystem, you must associate the Pod with a policy. This policy will allow for reading and listing all secrets on the provider-creds path in the kv-v2 secrets engine.

vault policy write provider-creds - <<EOF
path "secret/data/provider-creds/*" {
    capabilities = ["read", "list"]
}
EOF

Create a Role for Crossplane Provider Pods

  1. Create Role

The last step is to create a role that's bound to the policy you created and associate it with a group of Kubernetes service accounts. This role can be assumed by any (*) service account in the crossplane-system namespace.

vault write auth/kubernetes/role/crossplane-providers \
        bound_service_account_names="*" \
        bound_service_account_namespaces=crossplane-system \
        policies=provider-creds \
        ttl=24h
  1. Exit Vault Container

The next steps will be executed in your local environment.

exit

{{< tabs >}} {{< tab "GCP" >}}

Install provider-gcp

You are now ready to install provider-gcp. Crossplane provides a ControllerConfig type that allows you to customize the deployment of a provider's controller Pod. A ControllerConfig can be created and referenced by any number of Provider objects that wish to use its configuration. In the example below, the Pod annotations indicate to the Vault mutating webhook that we want for the secret stored at secret/provider-creds/gcp-default to be injected into the container filesystem by assuming role crossplane-providers. Template formatting has been added to make sure the secret data is presented in a form that provider-gcp is expecting.

echo "apiVersion: pkg.crossplane.io/v1alpha1
kind: ControllerConfig
metadata:
  name: vault-config
spec:
  metadata:
    annotations:
      vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject: \"true\"
      vault.hashicorp.com/role: "crossplane-providers"
      vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject-secret-creds.txt: "secret/provider-creds/gcp-default"
      vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject-template-creds.txt: |
        {{- with secret \"secret/provider-creds/gcp-default\" -}}
         {{ .Data.data | toJSON }}
        {{- end -}}
---
apiVersion: pkg.crossplane.io/v1
kind: Provider
metadata:
  name: provider-gcp
spec:
  package: xpkg.crossplane.io/crossplane-contrib/provider-gcp:v0.22.0
  controllerConfigRef:
    name: vault-config" | kubectl apply -f -

Configure provider-gcp

One provider-gcp is installed and running, you will want to create a ProviderConfig that specifies the credentials in the filesystem that should be used to provision managed resources that reference this ProviderConfig. Because the name of this ProviderConfig is default it will be used by any managed resources that don't explicitly reference a ProviderConfig.

Note: make sure that the PROJECT_ID environment variable that was defined earlier is still set correctly.

echo "apiVersion: gcp.crossplane.io/v1beta1
kind: ProviderConfig
metadata:
  name: default
spec:
  projectID: ${PROJECT_ID}
  credentials:
    source: Filesystem
    fs:
      path: /vault/secrets/creds.txt" | kubectl apply -f -

To verify that the GCP credentials are being injected into the container run the following command:

PROVIDER_CONTROLLER_POD=$(kubectl -n crossplane-system get pod -l pkg.crossplane.io/provider=provider-gcp -o name --no-headers=true)
kubectl -n crossplane-system exec -it $PROVIDER_CONTROLLER_POD -c provider-gcp -- cat /vault/secrets/creds.txt

Provision Infrastructure

The final step is to actually provision a CloudSQLInstance. Creating the object below will result in the creation of a Cloud SQL PostgreSQL database on GCP.

echo "apiVersion: database.gcp.crossplane.io/v1beta1
kind: CloudSQLInstance
metadata:
  name: postgres-vault-demo
spec:
  forProvider:
    databaseVersion: POSTGRES_12
    region: us-central1
    settings:
      tier: db-custom-1-3840
      dataDiskType: PD_SSD
      dataDiskSizeGb: 10
  writeConnectionSecretToRef:
    namespace: crossplane-system
    name: cloudsqlpostgresql-conn" | kubectl apply -f -

You can monitor the progress of the database provisioning with the following command:

kubectl get cloudsqlinstance -w

{{< /tab >}} {{< tab "AWS" >}}

Install provider-aws

You are now ready to install provider-aws. Crossplane provides a ControllerConfig type that allows you to customize the deployment of a provider's controller Pod. A ControllerConfig can be created and referenced by any number of Provider objects that wish to use its configuration. In the example below, the Pod annotations indicate to the Vault mutating webhook that we want for the secret stored at secret/provider-creds/aws-default to be injected into the container filesystem by assuming role crossplane-providers. Template formatting has been added to make sure the secret data is presented in a form that provider-aws is expecting.

echo "apiVersion: pkg.crossplane.io/v1alpha1
kind: ControllerConfig
metadata:
  name: aws-vault-config
spec:
  args:
    - --debug
  metadata:
    annotations:
      vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject: \"true\"
      vault.hashicorp.com/role: \"crossplane-providers\"
      vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject-secret-creds.txt: \"secret/provider-creds/aws-default\"
      vault.hashicorp.com/agent-inject-template-creds.txt: |
        {{- with secret \"secret/provider-creds/aws-default\" -}}
          [default]
          aws_access_key_id="{{ .Data.data.access_key }}"
          aws_secret_access_key="{{ .Data.data.secret_key }}"
        {{- end -}}
---
apiVersion: pkg.crossplane.io/v1
kind: Provider
metadata:
  name: provider-aws
spec:
  package: xpkg.crossplane.io/crossplane-contrib/provider-aws:v0.33.0
  controllerConfigRef:
    name: aws-vault-config" | kubectl apply -f -

Configure provider-aws

Once provider-aws is installed and running, you will want to create a ProviderConfig that specifies the credentials in the filesystem that should be used to provision managed resources that reference this ProviderConfig. Because the name of this ProviderConfig is default it will be used by any managed resources that don't explicitly reference a ProviderConfig.

echo "apiVersion: aws.crossplane.io/v1beta1
kind: ProviderConfig
metadata:
  name: default
spec:
  credentials:
    source: Filesystem
    fs:
      path: /vault/secrets/creds.txt" | kubectl apply -f -

To verify that the AWS credentials are being injected into the container run the following command:

PROVIDER_CONTROLLER_POD=$(kubectl -n crossplane-system get pod -l pkg.crossplane.io/provider=provider-aws -o name --no-headers=true)
kubectl -n crossplane-system exec -it $PROVIDER_CONTROLLER_POD -c provider-aws -- cat /vault/secrets/creds.txt

Provision Infrastructure

The final step is to actually provision a Bucket. Creating the object below will result in the creation of a S3 bucket on AWS.

echo "apiVersion: s3.aws.crossplane.io/v1beta1
kind: Bucket
metadata:
  name: s3-vault-demo
spec:
  forProvider:
    acl: private
    locationConstraint: us-east-1
    publicAccessBlockConfiguration:
      blockPublicPolicy: true
    tagging:
      tagSet:
        - key: Name
          value: s3-vault-demo
  providerConfigRef:
    name: default" | kubectl apply -f -

You can monitor the progress of the bucket provisioning with the following command:

kubectl get bucket -w

{{< /tab >}} {{< /tabs >}}