mirror of https://github.com/docker/docs.git
550 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
550 lines
21 KiB
Markdown
---
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description: Swarm and transport layer security
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keywords:
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- docker, swarm, TLS, discovery, security, certificates
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menu:
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main:
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parent: workw_swarm
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weight: 55
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title: Configure Docker Swarm for TLS
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---
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# Configure Docker Swarm for TLS
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In this procedure you create a two-node Swarm cluster, a Docker Engine CLI, a
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Swarm Manager, and a Certificate Authority as shown below. All the Docker Engine
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hosts (`client`, `swarm`, `node1`, and `node2`) have a copy of the
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CA's certificate as well as their own key-pair signed by the CA.
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You will complete the following steps in this procedure:
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- [Step 1: Set up the prerequisites](configure-tls.md#step-1-set-up-the-prerequisites)
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- [Step 2: Create a Certificate Authority (CA) server](configure-tls.md#step-2-create-a-certificate-authority-ca-server)
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- [Step 3: Create and sign keys](configure-tls.md#step-3-create-and-sign-keys)
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- [Step 4: Install the keys](configure-tls.md#step-4-install-the-keys)
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- [Step 5: Configure the Engine daemon for TLS](configure-tls.md#step-5-configure-the-engine-daemon-for-tls)
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- [Step 6: Create a Swarm cluster](configure-tls.md#step-6-create-a-swarm-cluster)
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- [Step 7: Create the Swarm Manager using TLS](configure-tls.md#step-7-create-the-swarm-manager-using-tls)
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- [Step 8: Test the Swarm manager configuration](configure-tls.md#step-8-test-the-swarm-manager-configuration)
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- [Step 9: Configure the Engine CLI to use TLS](configure-tls.md#step-9-configure-the-engine-cli-to-use-tls)
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### Before you begin
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The article includes steps to create your own CA using OpenSSL. This is similar
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to operating your own internal corporate CA and PKI. However, this `must not`
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be used as a guide to building a production-worthy internal CA and PKI. These
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steps are included for demonstration purposes only - so that readers without
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access to an existing CA and set of certificates can follow along and configure
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Docker Swarm to use TLS.
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## Step 1: Set up the prerequisites
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To complete this procedure you must stand up 5 (five) Linux servers. These
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servers can be any mix of physical and virtual servers; they may be on premises
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or in the public cloud. The following table lists each server name and its purpose.
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| Server name | Description |
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|-------------|------------------------------------------------|
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| `ca` | Acts as the Certificate Authority (CA) server. |
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| `swarm` | Acts as the Swarm Manager. |
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| `node1` | Act as a Swarm node. |
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| `node2` | Act as a Swarm node. |
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| `client` | Acts as a remote Docker Engine client |
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Make sure that you have SSH access to all 5 servers and that they can communicate with each other using DNS name resolution. In particular:
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- Open TCP port 2376 between the Swarm Manager and Swarm nodes
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- Open TCP port 3376 between the Docker Engine client and the Swarm Manager
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You can choose different ports if these are already in use. This example assumes
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you use these ports though.
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Each server must run an operating system compatible with Docker Engine. For
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simplicity, the steps that follow assume all servers are running Ubuntu 14.04
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LTS.
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## Step 2: Create a Certificate Authority (CA) server
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>**Note**:If you already have access to a CA and certificates, and are comfortable working with them, you should skip this step and go to the next.
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In this step, you configure a Linux server as a CA. You use this CA to create
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and sign keys. This step included so that readers without access to an existing
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CA (external or corporate) and certificates can follow along and complete the
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later steps that require installing and using certificates. It is `not`
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intended as a model for how to deploy production-worthy CA.
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1. Logon to the terminal of your CA server and elevate to root.
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```
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$ sudo su
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```
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2. Create a private key called `ca-priv-key.pem` for the CA:
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```
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# openssl genrsa -out ca-priv-key.pem 2048
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Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
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...........................................................+++
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.....+++
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e is 65537 (0x10001)
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```
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3. Create a public key called `ca.pem` for the CA.
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The public key is based on the private key created in the previous step.
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```
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# openssl req -config /usr/lib/ssl/openssl.cnf -new -key ca-priv-key.pem -x509 -days 1825 -out ca.pem
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You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
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into your certificate request.
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What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
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There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
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For some fields there will be a default value,
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If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
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-----
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Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:US
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<output truncated>
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```
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You have now configured a CA server with a public and private keypair. You can inspect the contents of each key. To inspect the private key:
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```
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# openssl rsa -in ca-priv-key.pem -noout -text
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```
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To inspect the public key (cert):
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```
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# openssl x509 -in ca.pem -noout -text
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```
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The following command shows the partial contents of the CA's public key.
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```
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# openssl x509 -in ca.pem -noout -text
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Certificate:
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Data:
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Version: 3 (0x2)
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Serial Number: 17432010264024107661 (0xf1eaf0f9f41eca8d)
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Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
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Issuer: C=US, ST=CA, L=Sanfrancisco, O=Docker Inc
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Validity
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Not Before: Jan 16 18:28:12 2016 GMT
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Not After : Jan 13 18:28:12 2026 GMT
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Subject: C=US, ST=CA, L=San Francisco, O=Docker Inc
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Subject Public Key Info:
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Public Key Algorithm: rsaEncryption
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Public-Key: (2048 bit)
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Modulus:
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00:d1:fe:6e:55:d4:93:fc:c9:8a:04:07:2d:ba:f0:
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55:97:c5:2c:f5:d7:1d:6a:9b:f0:f0:55:6c:5d:90:
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<output truncated>
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```
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Later, you'll use this to certificate to sign keys for other servers in the
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infrastructure.
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## Step 3: Create and sign keys
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Now that you have a working CA, you need to create key pairs for the Swarm
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Manager, Swarm nodes, and remote Docker Engine client. The commands and process
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to create key pairs is identical for all servers. You'll create the following keys:
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| Key | Description |
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| --- | ----------- |
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| `ca-priv-key.pem` | The CA's private key and must be kept secure. It is used later to sign new keys for the other nodes in the environment. Together with the `ca.pem` file, this makes up the CA's key pair. |
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| `ca.pem` | The CA's public key (also called certificate). This is installed on all nodes in the environment so that all nodes trust certificates signed by the CA. Together with the `ca-priv-key.pem` file, this makes up the CA's key pair. |
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| `NODE_NAME.csr` | A certificate signing request (CSR). A CSR is effectively an application to the CA to create a new key pair for a particular node. The CA takes the information provided in the CSR and generates the public and private key pair for that node. |
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| `NODE_NAME-priv-key.pem` | A private key signed by the CA. The node uses this key to authenticate itself with remote Docker Engines. Together with the `NODE_NAME-cert.pem` file, this makes up a node's key pair. |
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| `NODE_NAME-cert.pem` | A certificate signed by the CA. This is not used in this example. Together with the `NODE_NAME-priv-key.pem` file, this makes up a node's key pair. |
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The commands below show how to create keys for all of your nodes. You perform this procedure in a working directory located on your CA server.
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1. Logon to the terminal of your CA server and elevate to root.
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```
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$ sudo su
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```
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2. Create a private key `swarm-priv-key.pem` for your Swarm Manager
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```
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# openssl genrsa -out swarm-priv-key.pem 2048
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Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
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............................................................+++
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........+++
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e is 65537 (0x10001)
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```
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2. Generate a certificate signing request (CSR) `swarm.csr` using the private key you create in the previous step.
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```
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# openssl req -subj "/CN=swarm" -new -key swarm-priv-key.pem -out swarm.csr
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```
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Remember, this is only for demonstration purposes. The process to create a
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CSR will be slightly different in real-world production environments.
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3. Create the certificate `swarm-cert.pem` based on the CSR created in the previous step.
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```
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# openssl x509 -req -days 1825 -in swarm.csr -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-priv-key.pem -CAcreateserial -out swarm-cert.pem -extensions v3_req -extfile /usr/lib/ssl/openssl.cnf
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<snip>
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# openssl rsa -in swarm-priv-key.pem -out swarm-priv-key.pem
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```
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You now have a keypair for the Swarm Manager.
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4. Repeat the steps above for the remaining nodes in your infrastructure (`node1`, `node2`, and `client`).
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Remember to replace the `swarm` specific values with the values relevant to the node you are creating the key pair for.
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| Server name | Private key | CSR | Certificate |
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| ----------- | ----------- | --- | ----------- |
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| `node1` | `node1-priv-key.pem` | `node1.csr` | `node1-cert.pem` |
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| `node2` | `node2-priv-key.pem` | `node2.csr` | `node2-cert.pem` |
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| `client` | `client-priv-key.pem` | `client.csr` | `client-cert.pem` |
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5. Verify that your working directory contains the following files:
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```
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# ls -l
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total 64
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Jan 16 18:27 ca-priv-key.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1229 Jan 16 18:28 ca.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17 Jan 18 09:56 ca.srl
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1086 Jan 18 09:56 client-cert.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 887 Jan 18 09:55 client.csr
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Jan 18 09:56 client-priv-key.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1082 Jan 18 09:44 node1-cert.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 887 Jan 18 09:43 node1.csr
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 Jan 18 09:44 node1-priv-key.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1082 Jan 18 09:49 node2-cert.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 887 Jan 18 09:49 node2.csr
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 Jan 18 09:49 node2-priv-key.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1082 Jan 18 09:42 swarm-cert.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 887 Jan 18 09:41 swarm.csr
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-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Jan 18 09:42 swarm-priv-key.pem
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```
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You can inspect the contents of each of the keys. To inspect a private key:
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```
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openssl rsa -in <key-name> -noout -text
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```
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To inspect a public key (cert):
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```
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openssl x509 -in <key-name> -noout -text
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```
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The following commands shows the partial contents of the Swarm Manager's public
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`swarm-cert.pem` key.
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```
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# openssl x509 -in ca.pem -noout -text
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Certificate:
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Data:
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Version: 3 (0x2)
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Serial Number: 9590646456311914051 (0x8518d2237ad49e43)
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Signature Algorithm: sha256WithRSAEncryption
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Issuer: C=US, ST=CA, L=Sanfrancisco, O=Docker Inc
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Validity
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Not Before: Jan 18 09:42:16 2016 GMT
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Not After : Jan 15 09:42:16 2026 GMT
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Subject: CN=swarm
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<output truncated>
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```
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## Step 4: Install the keys
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In this step, you install the keys on the relevant servers in the
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infrastructure. Each server needs three files:
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- A copy of the Certificate Authority's public key (`ca.pem`)
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- It's own private key
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- It's own public key (cert)
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The procedure below shows you how to copy these files from the CA server to each
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server using `scp`. As part of the copy procedure, you'll rename each file as
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follows on each node:
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| Original name | Copied name |
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|-------------------------|-------------|
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| `ca.pem` | `ca.pem` |
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| `<server>-cert.pem` | `cert.pem` |
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| `<server>-priv-key.pem` | `key.pem` |
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1. Logon to the terminal of your CA server and elevate to root.
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```
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$ sudo su
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```
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2. Create a` ~/.certs` directory on the Swarm manager. Here we assume user account is ubuntu.
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```
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$ ssh ubuntu@swarm 'mkdir -p /home/ubuntu/.certs'
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```
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2. Copy the keys from the CA to the Swarm Manager server.
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```
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$ scp ./ca.pem ubuntu@swarm:/home/ubuntu/.certs/ca.pem
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$ scp ./swarm-cert.pem ubuntu@swarm:/home/ubuntu/.certs/cert.pem
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$ scp ./swarm-priv-key.pem ubuntu@swarm:/home/ubuntu/.certs/key.pem
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```
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>**Note**: You may need to provide authentication for the `scp` commands to work. For example, AWS EC2 instances use certificate-based authentication. To copy the files to an EC2 instance associated with a public key called `nigel.pem`, modify the `scp` command as follows: `scp -i /path/to/nigel.pem ./ca.pem ubuntu@swarm:/home/ubuntu/.certs/ca.pem`.
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3. Repeat step 2 for each remaining server in the infrastructure.
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* `node1`
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* `node2`
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* `client`
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4. Verify your work.
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When the copying is complete, each machine should have the following keys.
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Each node in your infrastructure should have the following files in the
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`/home/ubuntu/.certs/` directory:
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```
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# ls -l /home/ubuntu/.certs/
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total 16
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-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1229 Jan 18 10:03 ca.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1082 Jan 18 10:06 cert.pem
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-rw-r--r-- 1 ubuntu ubuntu 1679 Jan 18 10:06 key.pem
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```
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## Step 5: Configure the Engine daemon for TLS
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In the last step, you created and installed the necessary keys on each of your
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Swarm nodes. In this step, you configure them to listen on the network and only
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accept connections using TLS. Once you complete this step, your Swarm nodes will
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listen on TCP port 2376, and only accept connections using TLS.
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On `node1` and `node2` (your Swarm nodes), do the following:
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1. Open a terminal on `node1` and elevate to root.
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```
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$ sudo su
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```
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2. Edit Docker Engine configuration file.
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If you are following along with these instructions and using Ubuntu 14.04
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LTS, the configuration file is `/etc/default/docker`. The Docker Engine
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configuration file may be different depending on the Linux distribution you
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are using.
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3. Add the following options to the `DOCKER_OPTS` line.
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-H tcp://0.0.0.0:2376 --tlsverify --tlscacert=/home/ubuntu/.certs/ca.pem --tlscert=/home/ubuntu/.certs/cert.pem --tlskey=/home/ubuntu/.certs/key.pem
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2. Restart the Docker Engine daemon.
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$ service docker restart
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3. Repeat the procedure on `node2` as well.
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## Step 6: Create a Swarm cluster
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Next create a Swarm cluster. In this procedure you create a two-node Swarm
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cluster using the default *hosted discovery* backend. The default hosted
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discovery backend uses Docker Hub and is not recommended for production use.
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1. Logon to the terminal of your Swarm manager node.
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2. Create the cluster and export it's unique ID to the `TOKEN` environment variable.
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$ sudo export TOKEN=$(docker run --rm swarm create)
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Unable to find image 'swarm:latest' locally
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latest: Pulling from library/swarm
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d681c900c6e3: Pulling fs layer
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<snip>
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986340ab62f0: Pull complete
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a9975e2cc0a3: Pull complete
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Digest: sha256:c21fd414b0488637b1f05f13a59b032a3f9da5d818d31da1a4ca98a84c0c781b
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Status: Downloaded newer image for swarm:latest
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3. Join `node1` to the cluster.
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Be sure to specify TCP port `2376` and not `2375`.
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$ sudo docker run -d swarm join --addr=node1:2376 token://$TOKEN
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7bacc98536ed6b4200825ff6f4004940eb2cec891e1df71c6bbf20157c5f9761
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4. Join `node2` to the cluster.
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$ sudo docker run -d swarm join --addr=node2:2376 token://$TOKEN
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db3f49d397bad957202e91f0679ff84f526e74d6c5bf1b6734d834f5edcbca6c
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## Step 7: Start the Swarm Manager using TLS
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1. Launch a new container with TLS enables
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$ docker run -d -p 3376:3376 -v /home/ubuntu/.certs:/certs:ro swarm manage --tlsverify --tlscacert=/certs/ca.pem --tlscert=/certs/cert.pem --tlskey=/certs/key.pem --host=0.0.0.0:3376 token://$TOKEN
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The command above launches a new container based on the `swarm` image
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and it maps port `3376` on the server to port `3376` inside the
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container. This mapping ensures that Docker Engine commands sent to the host
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on port `3376` are passed on to port `3376` inside the container. The
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container runs the Swarm `manage` process with the `--tlsverify`,
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`--tlscacert`, `--tlscert` and `--tlskey` options specified. These options
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force TLS verification and specify the location of the Swarm manager's TLS
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keys.
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2. Run a `docker ps` command to verify that your Swarm manager container is up
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and running.
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$ docker ps
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CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
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035dbf57b26e swarm "/swarm manage --tlsv" 7 seconds ago Up 7 seconds 2375/tcp, 0.0.0.0:3376->3376/tcp compassionate_lovelace
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Your Swarm cluster is now configured to use TLS.
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## Step 8: Test the Swarm manager configuration
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Now that you have a Swarm cluster built and configured to use TLS, you'll test that it works with a Docker Engine CLI.
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1. Open a terminal onto your `client` server.
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2. Issue the `docker version` command.
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When issuing the command, you must pass it the location of the clients certifications.
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$ sudo docker --tlsverify --tlscacert=/home/ubuntu/.certs/ca.pem --tlscert=/home/ubuntu/.certs/cert.pem --tlskey=/home/ubuntu/.certs/key.pem -H swarm:3376 version
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Client:
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Version: 1.9.1
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API version: 1.21
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Go version: go1.4.2
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Git commit: a34a1d5
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Built: Fri Nov 20 13:12:04 UTC 2015
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OS/Arch: linux/amd64
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Server:
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Version: swarm/1.0.1
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API version: 1.21
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Go version: go1.5.2
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Git commit: 744e3a3
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Built:
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OS/Arch: linux/amd64
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The output above shows the `Server` version as "swarm/1.0.1". This means
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that the command was successfully issued against the Swarm manager.
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|
2. Verify that the same command does not work without TLS.
|
|
|
|
This time, do not pass your certs to the Swarm manager.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ sudo docker -H swarm:3376 version
|
|
:
|
|
Version: 1.9.1
|
|
API version: 1.21
|
|
Go version: go1.4.2
|
|
Git commit: a34a1d5
|
|
Built: Fri Nov 20 13:12:04 UTC 2015
|
|
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
|
|
Get http://swarm:3376/v1.21/version: malformed HTTP response "\x15\x03\x01\x00\x02\x02".
|
|
* Are you trying to connect to a TLS-enabled daemon without TLS?
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The output above shows that the command was rejected by the server. This is
|
|
because the server (Swarm manager) is configured to only accept connections
|
|
from authenticated clients using TLS.
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Step 9: Configure the Engine CLI to use TLS
|
|
|
|
You can configure the Engine so that you don't have to pass the TLS options when
|
|
you issue a command. To do this, you'll configure the `Docker Engine host` and
|
|
`TLS` settings as defaults on your Docker Engine client.
|
|
|
|
To do this, you place the client's keys in your `~/.docker` configuration folder. If you have other users on your system using the Engine command line, you'll need to configure their account's `~/.docker` as well. The procedure below shows how to do this for the `ubuntu` user on
|
|
your Docker Engine client.
|
|
|
|
1. Open a terminal onto your `client` server.
|
|
|
|
2. If it doesn't exist, create a `.docker` directory in the `ubuntu` user's home directory.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ mkdir /home/ubuntu/.docker
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
4. Copy the Docker Engine client's keys from `/home/ubuntu/.certs` to
|
|
`/home/ubuntu/.docker`
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ cp /home/ubuntu/.certs/{ca,cert,key}.pem /home/ubuntu/.docker
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
5. Edit the account's `~/.bash_profile`.
|
|
|
|
6. Set the following variables:
|
|
|
|
| Variable | Description |
|
|
| `DOCKER_HOST` | Sets the Docker host and TCP port to send all Engine commands to. |
|
|
| `DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY` | Tells Engine to use TLS. |
|
|
| `DOCKER_CERT_PATH` | Specifies the location of TLS keys. |
|
|
|
|
For example:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
export DOCKER_HOST=tcp://swarm:3376
|
|
export DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY=1
|
|
export DOCKER_CERT_PATH=/home/ubuntu/.docker/
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
6. Save and close the file.
|
|
|
|
7. Source the file to pick up the new variables.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ source ~/.bash_profile
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
8. Verify that the procedure worked by issuing a `docker version` command
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ docker version
|
|
Client:
|
|
Version: 1.9.1
|
|
API version: 1.21
|
|
Go version: go1.4.2
|
|
Git commit: a34a1d5
|
|
Built: Fri Nov 20 13:12:04 UTC 2015
|
|
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
|
|
|
|
Server:
|
|
Version: swarm/1.0.1
|
|
API version: 1.21
|
|
Go version: go1.5.2
|
|
Git commit: 744e3a3
|
|
Built:
|
|
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The server portion of the output above command shows that your Docker
|
|
client is issuing commands to the Swarm Manager and using TLS.
|
|
|
|
Congratulations! You have configured a Docker Swarm cluster to use TLS.
|
|
|
|
## Related Information
|
|
|
|
* [Secure Docker Swarm with TLS](secure-swarm-tls.md)
|
|
* [Docker security](/engine/security/security/)
|