docs/_includes/content/compose-var-sub.md

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Your configuration options can contain environment variables. Compose uses the
variable values from the shell environment in which `docker-compose` is run.
For example, suppose the shell contains `EXTERNAL_PORT=8000` and you supply
this configuration:
web:
build: .
ports:
- "${EXTERNAL_PORT}:5000"
When you run `docker-compose up` with this configuration, Compose looks for
the `EXTERNAL_PORT` environment variable in the shell and substitutes its
value in. In this example, Compose resolves the port mapping to `"8000:5000"`
before creating the `web` container.
If an environment variable is not set, Compose substitutes with an empty
string. In the example above, if `EXTERNAL_PORT` is not set, the value for the
port mapping is `:5000` (which is of course an invalid port mapping, and will
result in an error when attempting to create the container).
You can set default values for environment variables using a
[`.env` file](../env-file.md), which Compose will automatically look for. Values
set in the shell environment will override those set in the `.env` file.
$ unset EXTERNAL_PORT
$ echo "EXTERNAL_PORT=6000" > .env
$ docker-compose up # EXTERNAL_PORT will be 6000
$ export EXTERNAL_PORT=7000
$ docker-compose up # EXTERNAL_PORT will be 7000
Both `$VARIABLE` and `${VARIABLE}` syntax are supported.
Additionally when using the [2.1 file format](compose-versioning.md#version-21), it
is possible to provide inline default values using typical shell syntax:
- `${VARIABLE:-default}` will evaluate to `default` if `VARIABLE` is unset or
empty in the environment.
- `${VARIABLE-default}` will evaluate to `default` only if `VARIABLE` is unset
in the environment.
Other extended shell-style features, such as `${VARIABLE/foo/bar}`, are not
supported.
You can use a `$$` (double-dollar sign) when your configuration needs a literal
dollar sign. This also prevents Compose from interpolating a value, so a `$$`
allows you to refer to environment variables that you don't want processed by
Compose.
web:
build: .
command: "$$VAR_NOT_INTERPOLATED_BY_COMPOSE"
If you forget and use a single dollar sign (`$`), Compose interprets the value as an environment variable and will warn you:
The VAR_NOT_INTERPOLATED_BY_COMPOSE is not set. Substituting an empty string.