mirror of https://github.com/docker/docs.git
335 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
335 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Containerize a Java application
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linkTitle: Containerize your app
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weight: 10
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keywords: java, containerize, initialize, maven, build
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description: Learn how to containerize a Java application.
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aliases:
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- /language/java/build-images/
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- /language/java/run-containers/
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- /language/java/containerize/
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- /guides/language/java/containerize/
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---
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## Prerequisites
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- You have installed the latest version of [Docker Desktop](/get-started/get-docker.md).
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Docker adds new features regularly and some parts of this guide may
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work only with the latest version of Docker Desktop.
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* You have a [Git client](https://git-scm.com/downloads). The examples in this
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section use a command-line based Git client, but you can use any client.
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## Overview
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This section walks you through containerizing and running a Java
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application.
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## Get the sample applications
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Clone the sample application that you'll be using to your local development machine. Run the following command in a terminal to clone the repository.
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```console
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$ git clone https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-petclinic.git
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```
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The sample application is a Spring Boot application built using Maven. For more details, see `readme.md` in the repository.
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## Initialize Docker assets
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Now that you have an application, you can create the necessary Docker assets to
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containerize your application. You can use Docker Desktop's built-in Docker Init
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feature to help streamline the process, or you can manually create the assets.
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{{< tabs >}}
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{{< tab name="Use Docker Init" >}}
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Inside the `spring-petclinic` directory, run the `docker init` command. `docker
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init` provides some default configuration, but you'll need to answer a few
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questions about your application. Refer to the following example to answer the
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prompts from `docker init` and use the same answers for your prompts.
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The sample application already contains Docker assets. You'll be prompted to overwrite the existing Docker assets. To continue with this guide, select `y` to overwrite them.
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```console
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$ docker init
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Welcome to the Docker Init CLI!
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This utility will walk you through creating the following files with sensible defaults for your project:
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- .dockerignore
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- Dockerfile
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- compose.yaml
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- README.Docker.md
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Let's get started!
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WARNING: The following Docker files already exist in this directory:
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- docker-compose.yml
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? Do you want to overwrite them? Yes
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? What application platform does your project use? Java
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? What's the relative directory (with a leading .) for your app? ./src
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? What version of Java do you want to use? 21
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? What port does your server listen on? 8080
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```
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In the previous example, notice the `WARNING`. `docker-compose.yaml` already
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exists, so `docker init` overwrites that file rather than creating a new
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`compose.yaml` file. This prevents having multiple Compose files in the
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directory. Both names are supported, but Compose prefers the canonical
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`compose.yaml`.
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< tab name="Manually create assets" >}}
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If you don't have Docker Desktop installed or prefer creating the assets
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manually, you can create the following files in your project directory.
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Create a file named `Dockerfile` with the following contents.
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```dockerfile {collapse=true,title=Dockerfile}
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# syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
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# Comments are provided throughout this file to help you get started.
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# If you need more help, visit the Dockerfile reference guide at
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# https://docs.docker.com/go/dockerfile-reference/
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# Want to help us make this template better? Share your feedback here: https://forms.gle/ybq9Krt8jtBL3iCk7
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################################################################################
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# Create a stage for resolving and downloading dependencies.
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FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jdk-jammy as deps
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WORKDIR /build
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# Copy the mvnw wrapper with executable permissions.
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COPY --chmod=0755 mvnw mvnw
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COPY .mvn/ .mvn/
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# Download dependencies as a separate step to take advantage of Docker's caching.
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# Leverage a cache mount to /root/.m2 so that subsequent builds don't have to
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# re-download packages.
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RUN --mount=type=bind,source=pom.xml,target=pom.xml \
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--mount=type=cache,target=/root/.m2 ./mvnw dependency:go-offline -DskipTests
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################################################################################
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# Create a stage for building the application based on the stage with downloaded dependencies.
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# This Dockerfile is optimized for Java applications that output an uber jar, which includes
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# all the dependencies needed to run your app inside a JVM. If your app doesn't output an uber
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# jar and instead relies on an application server like Apache Tomcat, you'll need to update this
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# stage with the correct filename of your package and update the base image of the "final" stage
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# use the relevant app server, e.g., using tomcat (https://hub.docker.com/_/tomcat/) as a base image.
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FROM deps as package
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WORKDIR /build
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COPY ./src src/
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RUN --mount=type=bind,source=pom.xml,target=pom.xml \
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--mount=type=cache,target=/root/.m2 \
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./mvnw package -DskipTests && \
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mv target/$(./mvnw help:evaluate -Dexpression=project.artifactId -q -DforceStdout)-$(./mvnw help:evaluate -Dexpression=project.version -q -DforceStdout).jar target/app.jar
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################################################################################
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# Create a stage for extracting the application into separate layers.
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# Take advantage of Spring Boot's layer tools and Docker's caching by extracting
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# the packaged application into separate layers that can be copied into the final stage.
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# See Spring's docs for reference:
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# https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/container-images.html
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FROM package as extract
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WORKDIR /build
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RUN java -Djarmode=layertools -jar target/app.jar extract --destination target/extracted
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################################################################################
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# Create a new stage for running the application that contains the minimal
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# runtime dependencies for the application. This often uses a different base
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# image from the install or build stage where the necessary files are copied
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# from the install stage.
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#
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# The example below uses eclipse-turmin's JRE image as the foundation for running the app.
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# By specifying the "17-jre-jammy" tag, it will also use whatever happens to be the
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# most recent version of that tag when you build your Dockerfile.
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# If reproducibility is important, consider using a specific digest SHA, like
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# eclipse-temurin@sha256:99cede493dfd88720b610eb8077c8688d3cca50003d76d1d539b0efc8cca72b4.
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FROM eclipse-temurin:21-jre-jammy AS final
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# Create a non-privileged user that the app will run under.
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# See https://docs.docker.com/go/dockerfile-user-best-practices/
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ARG UID=10001
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RUN adduser \
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--disabled-password \
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--gecos "" \
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--home "/nonexistent" \
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--shell "/sbin/nologin" \
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--no-create-home \
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--uid "${UID}" \
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appuser
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USER appuser
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# Copy the executable from the "package" stage.
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COPY --from=extract build/target/extracted/dependencies/ ./
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COPY --from=extract build/target/extracted/spring-boot-loader/ ./
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COPY --from=extract build/target/extracted/snapshot-dependencies/ ./
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COPY --from=extract build/target/extracted/application/ ./
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EXPOSE 8080
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ENTRYPOINT [ "java", "org.springframework.boot.loader.launch.JarLauncher" ]
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```
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The sample already contains a Compose file. Overwrite this file to follow along with the guide. Update the`docker-compose.yaml` with the following contents.
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```yaml {collapse=true,title=docker-compose.yaml}
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# Comments are provided throughout this file to help you get started.
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# If you need more help, visit the Docker Compose reference guide at
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# https://docs.docker.com/go/compose-spec-reference/
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# Here the instructions define your application as a service called "server".
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# This service is built from the Dockerfile in the current directory.
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# You can add other services your application may depend on here, such as a
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# database or a cache. For examples, see the Awesome Compose repository:
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# https://github.com/docker/awesome-compose
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services:
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server:
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build:
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context: .
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ports:
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- 8080:8080
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# The commented out section below is an example of how to define a PostgreSQL
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# database that your application can use. `depends_on` tells Docker Compose to
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# start the database before your application. The `db-data` volume persists the
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# database data between container restarts. The `db-password` secret is used
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# to set the database password. You must create `db/password.txt` and add
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# a password of your choosing to it before running `docker-compose up`.
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# depends_on:
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# db:
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# condition: service_healthy
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# db:
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# image: postgres
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# restart: always
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# user: postgres
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# secrets:
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# - db-password
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# volumes:
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# - db-data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
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# environment:
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# - POSTGRES_DB=example
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# - POSTGRES_PASSWORD_FILE=/run/secrets/db-password
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# expose:
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# - 5432
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# healthcheck:
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# test: [ "CMD", "pg_isready" ]
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# interval: 10s
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# timeout: 5s
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# retries: 5
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# volumes:
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# db-data:
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# secrets:
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# db-password:
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# file: db/password.txt
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```
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Create a file named `.dockerignore` with the following contents.
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```text {collapse=true,title=".dockerignore"}
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# Include any files or directories that you don't want to be copied to your
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# container here (e.g., local build artifacts, temporary files, etc.).
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#
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# For more help, visit the .dockerignore file reference guide at
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# https://docs.docker.com/go/build-context-dockerignore/
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**/.classpath
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**/.dockerignore
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**/.env
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**/.git
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**/.gitignore
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**/.project
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**/.settings
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**/.toolstarget
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**/.vs
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**/.vscode
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**/.next
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**/.cache
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**/*.*proj.user
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**/*.dbmdl
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**/*.jfm
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**/charts
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**/docker-compose*
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**/compose.y*ml
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**/target
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**/Dockerfile*
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**/node_modules
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**/npm-debug.log
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**/obj
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**/secrets.dev.yaml
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**/values.dev.yaml
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**/vendor
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LICENSE
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README.md
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```
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{{< /tab >}}
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{{< /tabs >}}
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You should now have the following three files in your `spring-petclinic`
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directory.
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- [Dockerfile](/reference/dockerfile/)
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- [.dockerignore](/reference/dockerfile/#dockerignore-file)
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- [docker-compose.yaml](/reference/compose-file/_index.md)
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## Run the application
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Inside the `spring-petclinic` directory, run the following command in a
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terminal.
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```console
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$ docker compose up --build
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```
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The first time you build and run the app, Docker downloads dependencies and builds the app. It may take several minutes depending on your network connection.
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Open a browser and view the application at [http://localhost:8080](http://localhost:8080). You should see a simple app for a pet clinic.
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In the terminal, press `ctrl`+`c` to stop the application.
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### Run the application in the background
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You can run the application detached from the terminal by adding the `-d`
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option. Inside the `spring-petclinic` directory, run the following command
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in a terminal.
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```console
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$ docker compose up --build -d
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```
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Open a browser and view the application at [http://localhost:8080](http://localhost:8080). You should see a simple app for a pet clinic.
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In the terminal, run the following command to stop the application.
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```console
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$ docker compose down
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```
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For more information about Compose commands, see the
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[Compose CLI reference](/reference/cli/docker/compose/_index.md).
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## Summary
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In this section, you learned how you can containerize and run a Java
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application using Docker.
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Related information:
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- [docker init reference](/reference/cli/docker/init/)
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## Next steps
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In the next section, you'll learn how you can develop your application using
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Docker containers.
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