istio.io/content/help/ops/security/end-user-auth/index.md

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---
title: End User Authentication
description: What to do if end-user authentication doesn't work.
weight: 80
---
With Istio, you can enable authenticating end user. Currently, the end user credential supported by the Istio authentication policy is JWT.
The following is a guide for troubleshooting the end user JWT authentication.
1. Check your Istio authentication policy, `principalBinding` should be set as `USE_ORIGIN` to authenticate the end user.
1. If `jwksUri` isnt set, make sure the JWT issuer is of url format and `url + /.well-known/openid-configuration` can be opened in browser; for example, if the JWT issuer is `https://accounts.google.com`, make sure `https://accounts.google.com/.well-known/openid-configuration` is a valid url and can be opened in a browser.
{{< text yaml >}}
apiVersion: "authentication.istio.io/v1alpha1"
kind: "Policy"
metadata:
name: "example-3"
spec:
targets:
- name: httpbin
peers:
- mtls:
origins:
- jwt:
issuer: "628645741881-noabiu23f5a8m8ovd8ucv698lj78vv0l@developer.gserviceaccount.com"
jwksUri: "https://www.googleapis.com/service_accounts/v1/jwk/628645741881-noabiu23f5a8m8ovd8ucv698lj78vv0l@developer.gserviceaccount.com"
principalBinding: USE_ORIGIN
{{< /text >}}
1. If the JWT token is placed in the Authorization header in http requests, make sure the JWT token is valid (not expired, etc). The fields in a JWT token can be decoded by using online JWT parsing tools, e.g., [jwt.io](https://jwt.io/).
1. Get the Istio proxy (i.e., Envoy) logs to verify the configuration which Pilot distributes is correct.
For example, if the authentication policy is enforced on the `httpbin` service in the namespace `foo`, use the command below to get logs from the Istio proxy, make sure `local_jwks` is set and the http response code is in the Istio proxy logs.
{{< text bash >}}
$ kubectl logs httpbin-68fbcdcfc7-hrnzm -c istio-proxy -n foo
[2018-07-04 19:13:30.762][15][info][config] ./src/envoy/http/jwt_auth/auth_store.h:72] Loaded JwtAuthConfig: rules {
issuer: "628645741881-noabiu23f5a8m8ovd8ucv698lj78vv0l@developer.gserviceaccount.com"
local_jwks {
inline_string: "{\n \"keys\": [\n {\n \"kty\": \"RSA\",\n \"alg\": \"RS256\",\n \"use\": \"sig\",\n \"kid\": \"03bc39a6b56602c0d2ad421c3993d5e4f88e6f54\",\n \"n\": \"u9gnSMDYw4ggVKInAfxpXqItv9Ii7PlUFrAcwANQMW9fbZrFpITFD45t0gUy9CK4QewkLhqDDUJSvpH7wprS8Hi0M8wAJf_lgugdRr6Nc2qK-eywjjDK-afQjhGLcMJGS0YXi3K2lyP-oWiLingMbYRiJxTi86icWT8AU8bKoTyTPFOExAJkDFnquulU0_KlteZxbjnRIVvMKfpgZ3yK9Pzv7XjtdvO7xlr59K9Zotd4mgphIUADfw1fR0lNkjHQp9N0WP9cbOsyUwm5jjDklnyVh7yBHcEk1YHccntosxnwIn-cj538PSaL_qDZgDAsJKHPZlkiP_1mjsu3NkofIQ\",\n \"e\": \"AQAB\"\n },\n {\n \"kty\": \"RSA\",\n \"alg\": \"RS256\",\n \"use\": \"sig\",\n \"kid\": \"60aef5b0877e9f0d67b787b5be797636735efdee\",\n \"n\": \"0TmzDEN12GF9UaWJI40oKwJlu53ZQihHcaVi1thLGs1l3ubdPWv8MEsc9X2DjCRxEB6Ss1R2VOImrQ2RWFuBSNHorjE0_GyEGNzvOH-0uUQ5uES2HvEN7384XfUYj9MoTPibstDEl84pm4d3Ka3R_1wk03Jrl9MIq6fnV_4Z-F7O7ElGqk8xcsiVUowd447dwlrd55ChIyISF5PvbCLtOKz9FgTz2mEb8jmzuZQs5yICgKZCzlJ7xNOOmZcqCZf9Qzaz4OnVLXykBLzSuLMtxvvOxf53rvWB0F2__CjKlEWBCQkB39Zaa_4I8dCAVxgkeQhgoU26BdzLL28xjWzdbw\",\n \"e\": \"AQAB\"\n },\n {\n \"kty\": \"RSA\",\n \"alg\": \"RS256\",\n \"use\": \"sig\",\n \"kid\": \"62a93512c9ee4c7f8067b5a216dade2763d32a47\",\n \"n\": \"0YWnm_eplO9BFtXszMRQNL5UtZ8HJdTH2jK7vjs4XdLkPW7YBkkm_2xNgcaVpkW0VT2l4mU3KftR-6s3Oa5Rnz5BrWEUkCTVVolR7VYksfqIB2I_x5yZHdOiomMTcm3DheUUCgbJRv5OKRnNqszA4xHn3tA3Ry8VO3X7BgKZYAUh9fyZTFLlkeAh0-bLK5zvqCmKW5QgDIXSxUTJxPjZCgfx1vmAfGqaJb-nvmrORXQ6L284c73DUL7mnt6wj3H6tVqPKA27j56N0TB1Hfx4ja6Slr8S4EB3F1luYhATa1PKUSH8mYDW11HolzZmTQpRoLV8ZoHbHEaTfqX_aYahIw\",\n \"e\": \"AQAB\"\n },\n {\n \"kty\": \"RSA\",\n \"alg\": \"RS256\",\n \"use\": \"sig\",\n \"kid\": \"b3319a147514df7ee5e4bcdee51350cc890cc89e\",\n \"n\": \"qDi7Tx4DhNvPQsl1ofxxc2ePQFcs-L0mXYo6TGS64CY_2WmOtvYlcLNZjhuddZVV2X88m0MfwaSA16wE-RiKM9hqo5EY8BPXj57CMiYAyiHuQPp1yayjMgoE1P2jvp4eqF-BTillGJt5W5RuXti9uqfMtCQdagB8EC3MNRuU_KdeLgBy3lS3oo4LOYd-74kRBVZbk2wnmmb7IhP9OoLc1-7-9qU1uhpDxmE6JwBau0mDSwMnYDS4G_ML17dC-ZDtLd1i24STUw39KH0pcSdfFbL2NtEZdNeam1DDdk0iUtJSPZliUHJBI_pj8M-2Mn_oA8jBuI8YKwBqYkZCN1I95Q\",\n \"e\": \"AQAB\"\n }\n ]\n}\n"
}
forward: true
forward_payload_header: "istio-sec-8a85f33ec44c5ccbaf951742ff0aaa34eb94d9bd"
}
allow_missing_or_failed: true
[2018-07-04 19:13:30.763][15][info][upstream] external/envoy/source/server/lds_api.cc:62] lds: add/update listener '10.8.2.9_8000'
[2018-07-04T19:13:39.755Z] "GET /ip HTTP/1.1" 401 - 0 29 0 - "-" "curl/7.35.0" "e8374005-1957-99e4-96b6-9d6ec5bef396" "httpbin.foo:8000" "-"
[2018-07-04T19:13:40.463Z] "GET /ip HTTP/1.1" 401 - 0 29 0 - "-" "curl/7.35.0" "9badd659-fa0e-9ca9-b4c0-9ac225571929" "httpbin.foo:8000" "-"
{{< /text >}}