docs/serving/samples/helloworld-java/README.md

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# Hello World - Spring Boot Java sample
A simple web app written in Java using Spring Boot 2.0 that you can use for
testing. It reads in an env variable `TARGET` and prints "Hello \${TARGET}!". If
TARGET is not specified, it will use "World" as the TARGET.
## Prerequisites
- A Kubernetes cluster with Knative installed. Follow the
[installation instructions](https://github.com/knative/docs/blob/master/install/README.md)
if you need to create one.
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com) installed and running on your local machine,
and a Docker Hub account configured (we'll use it for a container registry).
- You have installed
[Java SE 8 or later JDK](http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html).
## Recreating the sample code
While you can clone all of the code from this directory, hello world apps are
generally more useful if you build them step-by-step. The following instructions
recreate the source files from this folder.
1. From the console, create a new empty web project using the curl and unzip
commands:
```shell
curl https://start.spring.io/starter.zip \
-d dependencies=web \
-d name=helloworld \
-d artifactId=helloworld \
-o helloworld.zip
unzip helloworld.zip
```
If you don't have curl installed, you can accomplish the same by visiting the
[Spring Initializr](https://start.spring.io/) page. Specify Artifact as
`helloworld` and add the `Web` dependency. Then click `Generate Project`,
download and unzip the sample archive.
1. Update the `SpringBootApplication` class in
`src/main/java/com/example/helloworld/HelloworldApplication.java` by adding a
`@RestController` to handle the "/" mapping and also add a `@Value` field to
provide the TARGET environment variable:
```java
package com.example.helloworld;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@SpringBootApplication
public class HelloworldApplication {
@Value("${TARGET:World}")
String target;
@RestController
class HelloworldController {
@GetMapping("/")
String hello() {
return "Hello " + target + "!";
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(HelloworldApplication.class, args);
}
}
```
1. Run the application locally:
```shell
./mvnw package && java -jar target/helloworld-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
```
Go to `http://localhost:8080/` to see your `Hello World!` message.
1. In your project directory, create a file named `Dockerfile` and copy the code
block below into it. For detailed instructions on dockerizing a Spring Boot
app, see
[Spring Boot with Docker](https://spring.io/guides/gs/spring-boot-docker/).
For additional information on multi-stage docker builds for Java see
[Creating Smaller Java Image using Docker Multi-stage Build](http://blog.arungupta.me/smaller-java-image-docker-multi-stage-build/).
```docker
# Use the official maven/Java 8 image to create a build artifact.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/maven
FROM maven:3.5-jdk-8-alpine as builder
# Copy local code to the container image.
WORKDIR /app
COPY pom.xml .
COPY src ./src
# Build a release artifact.
RUN mvn package -DskipTests
# Use the Official OpenJDK image for a lean production stage of our multi-stage build.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/openjdk
# https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/multistage-build/#use-multi-stage-builds
FROM openjdk:8-jre-alpine
# Copy the jar to the production image from the builder stage.
COPY --from=builder /app/target/helloworld-*.jar /helloworld.jar
# Configure and document the service HTTP port.
ENV PORT 8080
EXPOSE $PORT
# Run the web service on container startup.
CMD ["java","-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom","-Dserver.port=${PORT}","-jar","/helloworld.jar"]
```
1. Create a new file, `service.yaml` and copy the following service definition
into the file. Make sure to replace `{username}` with your Docker Hub
username.
```yaml
apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: helloworld-java
namespace: default
spec:
runLatest:
configuration:
revisionTemplate:
spec:
container:
image: docker.io/{username}/helloworld-java
env:
- name: TARGET
value: "Spring Boot Sample v1"
```
## Building and deploying the sample
Once you have recreated the sample code files (or used the files in the sample
folder) you're ready to build and deploy the sample app.
1. Use Docker to build the sample code into a container. To build and push with
Docker Hub, run these commands replacing `{username}` with your Docker Hub
username:
```shell
# Build the container on your local machine
docker build -t {username}/helloworld-java .
# Push the container to docker registry
docker push {username}/helloworld-java
```
1. After the build has completed and the container is pushed to docker hub, you
can deploy the app into your cluster. Ensure that the container image value
in `service.yaml` matches the container you built in the previous step. Apply
the configuration using `kubectl`:
```shell
kubectl apply --filename service.yaml
```
1. Now that your service is created, Knative will perform the following steps:
- Create a new immutable revision for this version of the app.
- Network programming to create a route, ingress, service, and load balancer
for your app.
- Automatically scale your pods up and down (including to zero active pods).
1. To find the IP address for your service, use. If your cluster is new, it may
take sometime for the service to get asssigned an external IP address.
```shell
kubectl get svc knative-ingressgateway --namespace istio-system
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
knative-ingressgateway LoadBalancer 10.23.247.74 35.203.155.229 80:32380/TCP,443:32390/TCP,32400:32400/TCP 2d
```
1. To find the URL for your service, use
```shell
kubectl get ksvc helloworld-java \
--output=custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,DOMAIN:.status.domain
NAME DOMAIN
helloworld-java helloworld-java.default.example.com
```
1. Now you can make a request to your app to see the result. Replace
`{IP_ADDRESS}` with the address you see returned in the previous step.
```shell
curl -H "Host: helloworld-java.default.example.com" http://{IP_ADDRESS}
Hello World: Spring Boot Sample v1
```
## Removing the sample app deployment
To remove the sample app from your cluster, delete the service record:
```shell
kubectl delete --filename service.yaml
```