docs/community/samples/serving/helloworld-haskell/README.md

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A simple web app written in Haskell that you can use for testing. It reads in an
env variable `TARGET` and prints "Hello \${TARGET}!". If TARGET is not
specified, it will use "World" as the TARGET.
## Prerequisites
- A Kubernetes cluster with Knative installed. Follow the
[installation instructions](../../../install/README.md) if you need to create
one.
- [Docker](https://www.docker.com) installed and running on your local machine,
and a Docker Hub account configured (we'll use it for a container registry).
## Recreating the sample code
While you can clone all of the code from this directory, hello world apps are
generally more useful if you build them step-by-step. The following instructions
recreate the source files from this folder.
1. Create a new file named `stack.yaml` and paste the following code:
```yaml
flags: {}
packages:
- .
extra-deps: []
resolver: lts-10.7
```
1. Create a new file named `package.yaml` and paste the following code
```yaml
name: helloworld-haskell
version: 0.1.0.0
dependencies:
- base >= 4.7 && < 5
- scotty
- text
executables:
helloworld-haskell-exe:
main: Main.hs
source-dirs: app
ghc-options:
- -threaded
- -rtsopts
- -with-rtsopts=-N
```
1. Create a `app` folder, then create a new file named `Main.hs` in that folder
and paste the following code. This code creates a basic web server which
listens on port 8080:
```haskell
{-# LANGUAGE OverloadedStrings #-}
import Data.Maybe
import Data.Monoid ((<>))
import Data.Text.Lazy (Text)
import Data.Text.Lazy
import System.Environment (lookupEnv)
import Web.Scotty (ActionM, ScottyM, scotty)
import Web.Scotty.Trans
main :: IO ()
main = do
t <- fromMaybe "World" <$> lookupEnv "TARGET"
pStr <- fromMaybe "8080" <$> lookupEnv "PORT"
let p = read pStr :: Int
scotty p (route t)
route :: String -> ScottyM()
route t = get "/" $ hello t
hello :: String -> ActionM()
hello t = text $ pack ("Hello " ++ t)
```
1. In your project directory, create a file named `Dockerfile` and copy the code
block below into it.
```docker
# Use the official Haskell image to create a build artifact.
# https://hub.docker.com/_/haskell/
FROM haskell:8.2.2 as builder
# Copy local code to the container image.
WORKDIR /app
COPY . .
# Build and test our code, then build the “helloworld-haskell-exe” executable.
RUN stack setup
RUN stack build --copy-bins
# Use a Docker multi-stage build to create a lean production image.
# https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/multistage-build/#use-multi-stage-builds
FROM fpco/haskell-scratch:integer-gmp
# Copy the "helloworld-haskell-exe" executable from the builder stage to the production image.
WORKDIR /root/
COPY --from=builder /root/.local/bin/helloworld-haskell-exe .
# Service must listen to $PORT environment variable.
# This default value facilitates local development.
ENV PORT 8080
# Run the web service on container startup.
CMD ["./helloworld-haskell-exe"]
```
1. Create a new file, `service.yaml` and copy the following service definition
into the file. Make sure to replace `{username}` with your Docker Hub
username.
```yaml
apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1alpha1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: helloworld-haskell
namespace: default
spec:
runLatest:
configuration:
revisionTemplate:
spec:
container:
image: docker.io/{username}/helloworld-haskell
env:
- name: TARGET
value: "Haskell Sample v1"
```
## Build and deploy this sample
Once you have recreated the sample code files (or used the files in the sample
folder) you're ready to build and deploy the sample app.
1. Use Docker to build the sample code into a container. To build and push with
Docker Hub, enter these commands replacing `{username}` with your Docker Hub
username:
```shell
# Build the container on your local machine
docker build -t {username}/helloworld-haskell .
# Push the container to docker registry
docker push {username}/helloworld-haskell
```
1. After the build has completed and the container is pushed to Docker Hub, you
can deploy the app into your cluster. Ensure that the container image value
in `service.yaml` matches the container you built in the previous step. Apply
the configuration using `kubectl`:
```shell
kubectl apply --filename service.yaml
```
1. Now that your service is created, Knative will perform the following steps:
- Create a new immutable revision for this version of the app.
- Network programming to create a route, ingress, service, and load balance
for your app.
- Automatically scale your pods up and down (including to zero active pods).
1. To find the IP address for your service, enter these commands to get the
ingress IP for your cluster. If your cluster is new, it may take some time
for the service to get assigned an external IP address.
```shell
# In Knative 0.2.x and prior versions, the `knative-ingressgateway` service was used instead of `istio-ingressgateway`.
INGRESSGATEWAY=knative-ingressgateway
# The use of `knative-ingressgateway` is deprecated in Knative v0.3.x.
# Use `istio-ingressgateway` instead, since `knative-ingressgateway`
# will be removed in Knative v0.4.
if kubectl get configmap config-istio -n knative-serving &> /dev/null; then
INGRESSGATEWAY=istio-ingressgateway
fi
kubectl get svc $INGRESSGATEWAY --namespace istio-system
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
xxxxxxx-ingressgateway LoadBalancer 10.23.247.74 35.203.155.229 80:32380/TCP,443:32390/TCP,32400:32400/TCP 2d
```
For minikube or bare-metal, get IP_ADDRESS by running the following command
```shell
echo $(kubectl get node --output 'jsonpath={.items[0].status.addresses[0].address}'):$(kubectl get svc $INGRESSGATEWAY --namespace istio-system --output 'jsonpath={.spec.ports[?(@.port==80)].nodePort}')
```
1. To find the URL for your service, enter:
```
kubectl get ksvc helloworld-haskell --output=custom-columns=NAME:.metadata.name,DOMAIN:.status.domain
NAME DOMAIN
helloworld-haskell helloworld-haskell.default.example.com
```
1. Now you can make a request to your app and see the result. Replace
`{IP_ADDRESS}` with the address you see returned in the previous step.
```shell
curl -H "Host: helloworld-haskell.default.example.com" http://{IP_ADDRESS}
Hello world: Haskell Sample v1
```
## Removing the sample app deployment
To remove the sample app from your cluster, delete the service record:
```shell
kubectl delete --filename service.yaml
```