community/contributors/guide/github-workflow.md

---
title: "GitHub Workflow"
weight: 6
description: |
  This document is an overview of the GitHub workflow used by the
  Kubernetes project. It includes tips and suggestions on keeping your
  local environment in sync with upstream and how to maintain good
  commit hygiene.
---

![Git workflow](git_workflow.png)

## 1. Fork in the cloud

1. Visit https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
2. Click `Fork` button (top right) to establish a cloud-based fork.

## 2. Clone fork to local storage

Per Go's [workspace instructions][go-workspace], place Kubernetes' code on your
`GOPATH` using the following cloning procedure.

[go-workspace]: https://golang.org/doc/code.html#Workspaces

In your shell, define a local working directory as `working_dir`. If your `GOPATH` has multiple paths, pick
just one and use it instead of `$GOPATH`. You must follow exactly this pattern,
neither `$GOPATH/src/github.com/${your github profile name}/`
nor any other pattern will work.

```sh
export working_dir="$(go env GOPATH)/src/k8s.io"
```

If you already do Go development on github, the `k8s.io` directory
will be a sibling to your existing `github.com` directory.

Set `user` to match your github profile name:

```sh
export user=<your github profile name>
```

Both `$working_dir` and `$user` are mentioned in the figure above.

Create your clone:

```sh
mkdir -p $working_dir
cd $working_dir
git clone https://github.com/$user/kubernetes.git
# or: git clone git@github.com:$user/kubernetes.git

cd $working_dir/kubernetes
git remote add upstream https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes.git
# or: git remote add upstream git@github.com:kubernetes/kubernetes.git

# Never push to upstream master
git remote set-url --push upstream no_push

# Confirm that your remotes make sense:
git remote -v
```

## 3. Create a Working Branch

Get your local master up to date. Note that depending on which repository you are working from,
the default branch may be called "main" instead of "master".

```sh
cd $working_dir/kubernetes
git fetch upstream
git checkout master
git rebase upstream/master
```

Create your new branch.

```sh
git checkout -b myfeature
```

You may now edit files on the `myfeature` branch.

### Building Kubernetes

This workflow is process-specific. For quick-start build instructions for [kubernetes/kubernetes](https://git.k8s.io/kubernetes), please [see here](/contributors/devel/development.md#building-kubernetes-on-a-local-osshell-environment).

## 4. Keep your branch in sync

You will need to periodically fetch changes from the `upstream`
repository to keep your working branch in sync. Note that depending on which repository you are working from,
the default branch may be called 'main' instead of 'master'.

Make sure your local repository is on your working branch and run the
following commands to keep it in sync:

```sh
git fetch upstream
git rebase upstream/master
```

Please don't use `git pull` instead of the above `fetch` and
`rebase`. Since `git pull` executes a merge, it creates merge commits. These make the commit history messy
and violate the principle that commits ought to be individually understandable
and useful (see below). 

You might also consider changing your `.git/config` file via
`git config branch.autoSetupRebase always` to change the behavior of `git pull`, or another non-merge option such as `git pull --rebase`.

## 5. Commit Your Changes

You will probably want to regularly commit your changes. It is likely that you will go back and edit,
build, and test multiple times. After a few cycles of this, you might
[amend your previous commit](https://www.w3schools.com/git/git_amend.asp).

```sh
git commit
```

## 6. Push to GitHub

When your changes are ready for review, push your working branch to
your fork on GitHub.

```sh
git push -f <your_remote_name> myfeature
```

## 7. Create a Pull Request

1. Visit your fork at `https://github.com/<user>/kubernetes`
2. Click the **Compare & Pull Request** button next to your `myfeature` branch.
3. Check out the pull request [process](/contributors/guide/pull-requests.md) for more details and
   advice.

_If you have upstream write access_, please refrain from using the GitHub UI for
creating PRs, because GitHub will create the PR branch inside the main
repository rather than inside your fork.

### Get a code review

Once your pull request has been opened it will be assigned to one or more
reviewers.  Those reviewers will do a thorough code review, looking for
correctness, bugs, opportunities for improvement, documentation and comments,
and style.

Commit changes made in response to review comments to the same branch on your
fork.

Very small PRs are easy to review.  Very large PRs are very difficult to review.

### Squash commits

After a review, prepare your PR for merging by squashing your commits.

All commits left on your branch after a review should represent meaningful milestones or units of work. Use commits to add clarity to the development and review process.

Before merging a PR, squash the following kinds of commits:

- Fixes/review feedback
- Typos
- Merges and rebases
- Work in progress

Aim to have every commit in a PR compile and pass tests independently if you can, but it's not a requirement. In particular, `merge` commits must be removed, as they will not pass tests.

To squash your commits, perform an [interactive rebase](https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History):

1. Check your git branch:

  ```
  git status
  ```

  The output should be similar to this:

  ```
  On branch your-contribution
  Your branch is up to date with 'origin/your-contribution'.
  ```

2. Start an interactive rebase using a specific commit hash, or count backwards from your last commit using `HEAD~<n>`, where `<n>` represents the number of commits to include in the rebase.

  ```
  git rebase -i HEAD~3
  ```

  The output should be similar to this:

  ```
  pick 2ebe926 Original commit
  pick 31f33e9 Address feedback
  pick b0315fe Second unit of work

  # Rebase 7c34fc9..b0315ff onto 7c34fc9 (3 commands)
  #
  # Commands:
  # p, pick <commit> = use commit
  # r, reword <commit> = use commit, but edit the commit message
  # e, edit <commit> = use commit, but stop for amending
  # s, squash <commit> = use commit, but meld into previous commit
  # f, fixup <commit> = like "squash", but discard this commit's log message

  ...

  ```

3. Use a command line text editor to change the word `pick` to `squash` for the commits you want to squash, then save your changes and continue the rebase:

  ```
  pick 2ebe926 Original commit
  squash 31f33e9 Address feedback
  pick b0315fe Second unit of work

  ...

  ```

  The output after saving changes should look similar to this:

  ```
  [detached HEAD 61fdded] Second unit of work
   Date: Thu Mar 5 19:01:32 2020 +0100
   2 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

   ...

  Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/master.
  ```
4. Force push your changes to your remote branch:

  ```
  git push --force
  ```

For mass automated fixups such as automated doc formatting, use one or more
commits for the changes to tooling and a final commit to apply the fixup en
masse. This makes reviews easier.

## Merging a commit

Once you've received review and approval, your commits are squashed, your PR is ready for merging.

Merging happens automatically after both a Reviewer and Approver have approved the PR. If you haven't squashed your commits, they may ask you to do so before approving a PR.

## Reverting a commit

In case you wish to revert a commit, use the following instructions.

_If you have upstream write access_, please refrain from using the
`Revert` button in the GitHub UI for creating the PR, because GitHub
will create the PR branch inside the main repository rather than inside your fork.

- Create a branch and sync it with upstream. Note that depending on which repository you are working from, the default branch may be called 'main' instead of 'master'.
  ```sh
  # create a branch
  git checkout -b myrevert

  # sync the branch with upstream
  git fetch upstream
  git rebase upstream/master
  ```
- If the commit you wish to revert is a *merge commit*, use this command:
  ```sh
  # SHA is the hash of the merge commit you wish to revert
  git revert -m 1 <SHA>
  ```
  If it is a *single commit*, use this command:
  ```sh
  # SHA is the hash of the single commit you wish to revert
  git revert <SHA>
  ```

- This will create a new commit reverting the changes. Push this new commit to your remote.
  ```sh
  git push <your_remote_name> myrevert
  ```

- Finally, [create a Pull Request](#7-create-a-pull-request) using this branch.